CN111517637A - Rare earth doped multi-core optical fiber, optical fiber preform, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth doped multi-core optical fiber, optical fiber preform, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
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- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
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- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber, an optical fiber perform and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of optics and laser photoelectrons, wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of a middle fiber core of the optical fiber is 0.12-0.17%, and the diameter D1 is 10-20 um; the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of the rest fiber cores around the middle fiber core is 0.07-0.12%, the diameter D2 is 12-25 um, the core intervals of all the fiber cores are the same, and the size L of all the fiber cores is 16-30 um; the inner cladding of the optical fiber is regular octagon, and the edge-edge distance is 250-400 um; the inner coating of the optical fiber is a low refractive index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating is-5%, the outer coating of the optical fiber is a high refractive index coating, and the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the outer coating is 3.5%. The optical fiber has higher absorption to the pump light and is converted into the signal light of the required wave band, simultaneously obtains very high output optical power without generating nonlinear effect, has excellent beam quality, and can provide a new path for a high-power optical fiber laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optics and laser photoelectrons, and particularly relates to a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber, an optical fiber preform, and preparation methods and applications thereof.
Background
The fiber laser is rapidly developed in recent years due to the advantages of high beam quality, high conversion efficiency, good heat dissipation performance, easy integration and the like, is widely applied to the fields of industrial processing, biological medical treatment, national defense application and the like, and the output power thereof is gradually improved to reach the average power of ten-thousand watts, but the high-power laser output brings a series of problems, such as nonlinear effect, optical fiber damage and beam quality deterioration caused by too high power density, while the optical fiber is used as a key component in the optical fiber laser, which comprises an active fiber as the gain medium and a passive fiber as the transmission medium, the improvement of which is directly related to the suppression of these malignant effects, the nonlinear effect can be greatly improved, damage caused by overhigh power density can be avoided, and good beam quality can be obtained by optimizing the mode field distribution of the optical fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber, an optical fiber perform, a preparation method and application thereof, which increase the number of rare earth-doped fiber cores in the same glass cladding to increase the mode field area, improve the nonlinear threshold value, facilitate the heat dissipation and further improve the output power, and simultaneously, the middle fiber core is distinguished from the other surrounding fiber cores, and the core spacing is reduced to enhance the coupling strength between the fiber cores, so that the same-phase supermode obtains the maximum gain, the mode shaping is realized, and the output close to the diffraction limit, namely the excellent beam quality is finally obtained, thereby providing a new approach for the development of high-power optical fiber lasers.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-core rare-earth-doped optical fiber preform, comprising: a preform for forming an intermediate core, a preform for forming the remaining cores except the intermediate core, a glass sleeve for forming a cladding, and a glass fiber for filling the gap;
the middle fiber core prefabricated rod and the rest fiber core prefabricated rods are respectively composed of a core region doped with rare earth and a cladding layer;
the relative refractive index difference of the core constituting the intermediate core preform is Δ 1 and the diameter thereof is d1Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core relative refractive index difference of each of the core preforms other than the intermediate core preform is Delta 2 and the diameter thereof is d2Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the cladding material of each preform constituting the core is pure silica, the cladding is hexagonal, and the edge-to-edge distance is l, wherein l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the prefabricated stick of middle fibre core and all the other fibre core prefabricated sticks except middle fibre core all are located inside the glass sleeve, the material of glass sleeve is pure silica, and the internal diameter is ID, and wherein, the size of ID and the relation that needs to satisfy between the number of turns N of the fibre core around middle fibre core are: ID is (2N-1) multiplied by 1.1l, N is more than or equal to 2;
the outer diameter of the glass sleeve is octagonal, the side-to-side distance of the glass sleeve is OD, and the OD and the ID need to meet the following relation:
preferably, the intermediate core preform and the remaining core preforms except the intermediate core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagonal shape inside the glass sleeve for forming the cladding.
Preferably, is prepared from
Determining the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the intermediate core of the optical fiber preform
Determining relative refractive index differences Delta 2 of the cores except the middle core, wherein n1Is the refractive index of the intermediate core, nSiIs a refractive index of pure silicon, n2The refractive index of the remaining core except for the intermediate core.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber preform, comprising:
(1) depositing M rare earth doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silicon dioxide material, wherein the relative refractive index difference of the core rods of M-1 prefabricated rods is delta 2, and the diameter is d2And Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the relative refractive index difference of the remaining 1 core layers is Delta 1, and the diameter is d1And Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
(2) fusing the M core rods obtained in the step (1) and sleeves made of pure silicon dioxide materials into M solid rods;
(3) polishing the solid rod obtained in the step (2) into a regular hexagon rod with the edge-edge distance of l, wherein l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
(4) preparing a sleeve made of pure silicon dioxide, extending one end of the sleeve, tapering the other end of the sleeve, cleaning and drying the sleeve, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is ID, the relation required to be met between the size of the ID and the number N of the fiber cores surrounding the middle fiber core is (2N-1) × 1.1.1 l, N is more than or equal to 2, M is 6N-5, the outer diameter of the sleeve is octagonal, the side-side distance of the sleeve is OD, and the relation required to be met by OD and ID is as follows:
(5) dividing each half of the regular hexagonal rod obtained in the step (3) into two parts, extending one end of each half, tapering the other end of each half, cleaning and drying;
(6) preparing a solid rod of pure silicon dioxide material, drawing the solid rod into glass filaments with the outer diameter of one or more of 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm, and cleaning and drying the glass filaments;
(7) and (4) arranging the core rods obtained in the step (5) from one end of the extension pipe of the sleeve pipe obtained in the step (4) according to a regular hexagon, pushing the core rods to the center of the sleeve pipe, and uniformly filling the glass filaments obtained in the step (6) to the gap.
Preferably, the number of M is equal to 1 intermediate core preform plus half the number of remaining core preforms except for the intermediate core preform.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rare-earth doped multi-core optical fiber including: the fiber comprises a middle fiber core, the rest fiber cores except the middle fiber core, a cladding, an inner coating and an outer coating;
the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the middle core and the diameter D1 satisfy the following relation:
the relative refractive index difference of each fiber core except the middle core is delta 2 and the diameter D2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core spacing between the cores is the same and is L, wherein L and D1、D2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the cladding is a regular octagon, the edge-edge distance of the cladding is 250-400 um, and the cladding is made of pure silicon dioxide;
the inner coating is a low-refractive-index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating is less than or equal to-5%, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 um, the outer coating is a high-refractive-index coating, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the outer coating is more than or equal to 3.5%, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550 um.
Preferably, the middle core and the rest cores except the middle core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagon in the cladding.
Preferably, is prepared from
Determining the relative refractive index difference Delta 3 of the inner coating of the optical fiber
Determining the relative refractive index difference Δ 4 of the outer coating of the optical fiber, wherein n3Is the refractive index of the undercoat, nSiIs a refractive index of pure silicon, n4The refractive index of the undercoat layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber, including:
the multi-core rare earth-doped optical fiber perform prepared by the preparation method of the rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber perform is drawn into a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber with the glass cladding edge-edge distance of 250-400 um, the low-refractive-index coating with the relative refractive index difference delta 3 being less than or equal to-5% is coated to form the inner coating of the optical fiber, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 um, the high-refractive-index coating with the relative refractive index difference delta 4 being greater than or equal to 3.5% is coated to form the outer coating of the optical fiber, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550 um.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of a rare earth doped multi-core fiber as a gain medium for a fiber laser.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention increases the transmission power by increasing the number of the rare earth-doped fiber cores in the same glass cladding, and simultaneously designs reasonable fiber core intervals, so that the laser output by each fiber core can obtain the same-phase supermode output due to the coupling effect, and simultaneously has extremely large mode field area and excellent beam quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rare-earth doped multi-core optical fiber preform according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is an in-phase supermode far-field distribution diagram of the rare-earth doped multi-core fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a graph showing the intensity distribution of the in-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram showing a far-field distribution of the anti-phase supermode of the rare-earth doped multi-core optical fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is an intensity distribution diagram of the anti-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rare-earth doped multi-core optical fiber preform according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is an in-phase supermode far-field distribution diagram of the rare-earth doped multi-core fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a graph showing the intensity distribution of the in-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a diagram showing a far-field distribution of the anti-phase supermode of the rare-earth doped multi-core optical fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8(b) is an intensity distribution diagram of the anti-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber according to example 1 of the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1 is a preform for forming an intermediate core of a rare earth-doped optical fiber preform, 2 is a preform for forming the remaining cores except the intermediate core, 3 is a glass fiber for filling a gap, 4 is a glass sleeve for forming a cladding, 21 is an intermediate core of a rare earth-doped multicore optical fiber, 22 is the remaining cores except the intermediate core, 23 is a cladding, 24 is an inner coating, and 25 is an outer coating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a multicore rare-earth-doped optical fiber preform, including a preform for forming an intermediate fiber core, a preform for forming the remaining fiber cores except the intermediate fiber core, a glass sleeve for forming a cladding, and a glass filament for filling a gap;
the prefabricated rod of the middle fiber core and the prefabricated rods of the rest fiber cores are both composed of a core area doped with rare earth and a cladding layer of pure silica, the core area is symmetrical and circular, and the cladding layer is regular hexagon;
the preform constituting the intermediate core has a relative core refractive index difference Delta 1 of a diameter d1Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core relative refractive index difference of each of the core preforms other than the intermediate core preform is Delta 2 and the diameter thereof is d2Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the cladding material of each preform constituting the core is pure silica, the cladding is hexagonal, and the cladding hexagonal edge-to-edge distances are all l, wherein l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the prefabricated stick of middle fibre core and all the other fibre core prefabricated sticks except middle fibre core all are located inside the glass sleeve, the material of glass sleeve is pure silica, and the internal diameter is ID, and wherein, the size of ID and the relation that needs to satisfy between the number of turns N of the fibre core around middle fibre core are: ID is (2N-1) multiplied by 1.1l, N is more than or equal to 2;
the outer diameter of the glass sleeve is octagonal, the size of the edge-edge distance of the glass sleeve is OD, and the OD and the ID need to meet the following relation:
wherein, the outer diameter of the glass fiber used for filling the gap can be selected from one or more of 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5 mm.
The middle fiber core prefabricated rod and the other fiber core prefabricated rods except the middle fiber core are symmetrically arranged in the glass sleeve for forming the cladding in a regular hexagon shape.
Wherein, the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the middle fiber core of the optical fiber preform is calculated according to the following method:
wherein n is1Is the refractive index of the intermediate core, nSiIs a pure silicon refractive index.
The relative refractive index differences Δ 2 of the cores other than the intermediate core are calculated as follows:
wherein n is2Is the refractive index of the remaining core except the intermediate core, nSiIs a pure silicon refractive index.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber preform, including the following steps:
(1) depositing M rare earth doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silicon dioxide material, wherein the relative refractive index difference of the core rods of M-1 prefabricated rods is delta 2, and the diameter is d2And Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the relative refractive index difference of the remaining 1 core layers is Delta 1, and the diameter is d1And Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
(2) fusing the M core rods obtained in the step (1) and sleeves made of pure silicon dioxide materials into M solid rods;
(3) polishing the solid rod obtained in the step (2) into a regular hexagon rod with the edge-edge distance of l, wherein l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
(4) preparing a sleeve made of pure silicon dioxide, extending one end of the sleeve, tapering the other end of the sleeve, cleaning and drying, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is ID, the relation required to be met between the size of the ID and the number N of the surrounding fiber cores surrounding the middle fiber core is (2N-1) × 1.1.1 l, N is more than or equal to 2, M is 6N-5, the outer diameter of the sleeve is octagonal, the side-side distance of the sleeve is OD, and the relation required to be met by OD and ID is as follows:
(5) dividing each half of the regular hexagonal rod obtained in the step (3) into two parts, extending one end of each half, tapering the other end of each half, cleaning and drying;
(6) preparing a solid rod made of pure silicon dioxide material, drawing the solid rod into glass filaments, and cleaning and drying the glass filaments;
wherein, the glass fiber used for filling the gap has one or more of the outer diameter of 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5 mm.
(7) And (4) arranging the core rods obtained in the step (5) from one end of the extension pipe of the sleeve pipe obtained in the step (4) according to a regular hexagon, pushing the core rods to the center of the sleeve pipe, and uniformly filling the glass filaments obtained in the step (6) to the gap.
In the embodiment of the invention, MCVD can be used for depositing M rare earth-doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silicon dioxide material; the M core rods obtained in step (1) can be fused into M solid rods matching the sleeves of pure silica material on a horizontal fusion lathe.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of M is equal to 1 intermediate core preform plus half the number of the remaining core preforms except the intermediate core preform.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rare-earth-doped multicore fiber, including a middle fiber core, other fiber cores except for the middle fiber core, a cladding, an inner coating, and an outer coating;
the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the middle core and the diameter D1 satisfy the following relation:
the relative refractive index difference of each fiber core except the middle core is delta 2 and the diameter D2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core spacing between the cores is the same and is L, wherein L and D1、D2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the cladding is regular octagon, the edge-edge distance is 250-400 um, and the material is pure silicon dioxide;
the inner coating is a low-refractive-index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating is less than or equal to-5%, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 um, the outer coating is a high-refractive-index coating, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the outer coating is more than or equal to 3.5%, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550 um.
The middle fiber core in the optical fiber and the rest fiber cores except the middle fiber core are symmetrically arranged in the cladding in a regular hexagon shape.
The relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating of the optical fiber is calculated according to the following method:
wherein n is3Is the refractive index of the undercoat, nSiIs a pure silicon refractive index.
The relative refractive index difference Δ 4 of the outer coating of the optical fiber is calculated as follows:
wherein n is4Is the refractive index of the undercoat, nSiIs a pure silicon refractive index.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber, including:
and drawing the obtained multi-core rare earth-doped optical fiber preform into a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber with a glass cladding edge-edge distance of 250-400 microns in a drawing furnace, coating a low-refractive-index coating with a relative refractive index difference delta 3 of less than or equal to-5% to form an inner coating of the optical fiber, wherein the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 microns, coating a high-refractive-index coating with a relative refractive index difference delta 4 of more than or equal to 3.5% to form an outer coating of the optical fiber, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550 microns.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an application of a rare-earth-doped multi-core fiber as a gain medium of a fiber laser.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in more detail. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following specific examples. The present invention can be modified and implemented as appropriate within the scope of the main claim.
Example 1
A rare earth-doped multicore optical fiber preform, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a preform 1 for forming a core, a preform 2 for forming the remaining cores except for a middle core, a glass sleeve 3 for forming a cladding, and a glass fiber 4 for filling a gap; the prefabricated rods used for forming the fiber cores are 7, each prefabricated rod consists of a core area doped with Yb and a cladding layer of pure silica, the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of the fiber cores of the prefabricated rods forming the middle fiber core is 0.12%, the diameter of the fiber cores is 2.5mm, the cladding layers are made of pure silica, the shape of the cladding layers is a regular hexagon, and the edge-edge distance of the cladding layers is 3.6 mm; the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of the fiber cores of the prefabricated rod forming the 6 fiber cores around the prefabricated rod is 0.07 percent, the diameter is 3mm, the material of the cladding is pure silicon dioxide, the shape is regular hexagon, and the edge-edge distance is 3.6 mm;
the glass sleeve for forming the cladding is made of pure silicon dioxide, the inner diameter of the glass sleeve is 12mm, the outer diameter of the glass sleeve is octagonal, and the edge-edge distance of the glass sleeve is 50 mm;
the glass fiber used for filling the gap has the outer diameters of 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5 mm;
the 7 preforms for forming the rare earth-doped fiber core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagon inside an outer glass sleeve for forming a cladding.
The optical fiber preform is prepared according to the following method:
(1) depositing 4 rare earth-doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silicon dioxide material by MCVD (modified chemical vapor deposition), wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of 3 core layers is 0.07%, and the diameter of each core layer is 3 mm; wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of 1 core layer is 0.12%, and the diameter of the core layer is 2.5 mm;
(2) fusing the 4 core rods obtained in the step (1) and sleeves made of pure silicon dioxide materials into 4 solid rods on a horizontal lathe;
(3) polishing the solid rod obtained in the step (2) into a regular hexagon rod, wherein the edge-edge distance of the regular hexagon rod is 3.6 mm;
(4) preparing a pure silicon dioxide sleeve with an inner diameter of 12mm, an outer diameter of octagon and a side-to-side distance of 50mm, extending one end of the sleeve, tapering the other end of the sleeve, cleaning and drying;
(5) cutting each half of the regular hexagonal rod obtained in the step (3) into two, extending one end of each half, tapering the other end of each half, cleaning and drying;
(6) preparing a solid rod made of pure silicon dioxide material, drawing the solid rod into glass filaments with the outer diameters of 0.5mm, 1mm and 2mm, and cleaning and drying the glass filaments;
(7) pushing the core rod obtained in the step (5) to the center of the sleeve from one end of the extension pipe of the sleeve obtained in the step (4) according to regular hexagon arrangement, and uniformly filling the glass filaments obtained in the step (6) to the gap.
The preform shown in fig. 1 was drawn into a rare earth-doped multicore fiber with a glass clad side-to-side spacing of 250um in a drawing furnace, and a low refractive index coating with a relative refractive index difference Δ 3 of-5% was coated to form an inner coating of the fiber and an outer diameter of 325um, and a high refractive index coating with a relative refractive index difference Δ 4 of 3.5% was coated to form an outer coating of the fiber and an outer diameter of 400 um.
The rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber prepared by the method has a cross section as shown in fig. 2, and comprises a middle fiber core 21, the rest fiber cores 22 except the middle fiber core, a cladding 23, an inner coating 24 and an outer coating 25; wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of the middle core of the 7 cores is 0.12 percent, and the diameter is 12 um; the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of 6 fiber cores around 7 fiber cores is 0.07%, the diameter is 14um, and the core spacing of 7 fiber cores is 18 um;
the inner cladding of the optical fiber is regular octagon, the edge-edge distance is 250um, and the material is pure silicon dioxide;
the inner coating of the optical fiber is a low-refractive-index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the optical fiber is-5%, the outer diameter of the optical fiber is 325 mu m, the outer coating of the optical fiber is a high-refractive-index coating, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the optical fiber is 3.5%, and the outer diameter of the optical fiber is 400 mu m.
The far field distribution of the in-phase supermode of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 3(a), and the intensity distribution of the in-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 3 (b); the far field distribution of the anti-phase supermode is shown in fig. 4(a), and the intensity distribution of the anti-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 4 (b). The same-phase supermode output is finally obtained at 1080nm wavelength, the opposite-phase supermode is nearly cut off (the optical field leaks to cause the cladding), the M2 of the same-phase supermode at 1080nm wavelength is 1.33 obtained by theoretical calculation, and the mode field area reaches 283.5um2And the mode field area of the common single-core optical fiber with the same core diameter and numerical aperture as the middle core is only 122.7um2I.e. the mode field area is increased by 57%.
Example 2
A rare earth-doped multicore optical fiber preform, as shown in FIG. 5, includes a preform 1 for forming an intermediate core, a preform 2 for forming the remaining cores except the intermediate core, a glass filament 3 for filling a gap, and a glass sleeve 4 for forming a cladding; the prefabricated rod for forming the fiber core comprises 19 prefabricated rods, each prefabricated rod consists of a core area doped with Tm and a cladding layer of pure silica, the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of the fiber core of the prefabricated rod for forming the middle fiber core is 0.13 percent, the diameter of the fiber core is 4mm, the cladding layer is made of pure silica, the shape of the cladding layer is a regular hexagon, and the edge-edge distance of the cladding layer is 6 mm; the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of the fiber cores of the prefabricated rod forming the 18 fiber cores around the prefabricated rod is 0.085 percent, the diameter is 4mm, the material of the cladding is pure silicon dioxide, the shape is regular hexagon, and the edge-edge distance is 6 mm;
the glass sleeve for forming the cladding is made of pure silicon dioxide, the inner diameter of the glass sleeve is 30mm, the outer diameter of the glass sleeve is octagonal, and the edge-edge distance of the glass sleeve is 80 mm;
glass filaments for filling the gap, the outer diameters of which are 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5 mm;
the 19 preforms for forming the rare earth doped core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagon inside an outer glass sleeve for forming a cladding.
The optical fiber preform is prepared according to the following method:
(1) depositing 10 rare earth-doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silica material by MCVD (modified chemical vapor deposition), wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of 9 core layers is 0.085%, and the diameter of each core layer is 5 mm; wherein the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of 1 core layer is 0.13 percent, and the diameter of the core layer is 4 mm;
(2) fusing the 10 core rods obtained in the step (1) and sleeves made of pure silicon dioxide materials into 10 solid rods on a horizontal lathe;
(3) polishing the solid rod obtained in the step (2) into a regular hexagon rod, wherein the edge-edge distance is 6 mm;
(4) preparing a pure silicon dioxide sleeve with the inner diameter of 30mm, the outer diameter of octagonal and the edge-edge distance of 80mm, extending one end of the sleeve, tapering the other end of the sleeve, cleaning and drying;
(5) cutting each half of the regular hexagonal rod obtained in the step (3) into two, extending one end of each half, tapering the other end of each half, cleaning and drying;
(6) preparing a solid rod made of pure silicon dioxide material, drawing the solid rod into glass filaments with the outer diameters of 0.5mm, 1mm and 2mm, and cleaning and drying the glass filaments;
(7) pushing the core rod obtained in the step (5) to the center of the sleeve from one end of the extension pipe of the sleeve obtained in the step (4) according to regular hexagon arrangement, and uniformly filling the glass filaments obtained in the step (6) to the gap.
The preform shown in fig. 5 was drawn into a rare earth-doped multicore fiber having a glass clad side-to-side spacing of 400um in a drawing furnace, and a low refractive index coating having a relative refractive index difference Δ 3 of-5% was coated to form an inner coating of the fiber and an outer diameter of 475um, and a high refractive index coating having a relative refractive index difference Δ 4 of 3.5% was coated to form an outer coating of the fiber and an outer diameter of 550 um.
The rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber prepared by the above method has a cross section as shown in fig. 6, and includes a middle fiber core 21, the rest fiber cores 22 except the middle fiber core, a cladding 23, an inner coating 24, and an outer coating 25; wherein, the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the middle core of the 19 cores is 0.13 percent, and the diameter is 20 um; the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of 18 fiber cores around the 19 fiber cores is 0.085%, the diameter is 25um, and the core spacing of the 19 fiber cores is 30 um;
the inner cladding of the optical fiber is regular octagon, the edge-edge distance is 400um, and the material is pure silicon dioxide;
the inner coating of the optical fiber is a low refractive index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating is-5%, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 475um, the outer coating of the optical fiber is a high refractive index coating, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the outer coating is 3.5%, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 550 um.
The far field distribution of the in-phase supermode of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 7(a), and the intensity distribution of the in-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 7 (b); the far field distribution of the anti-phase supermode is shown in fig. 8(a), and the intensity distribution of the anti-phase supermode in the radial direction of the optical fiber is shown in fig. 8 (b). The same-phase supermode output is finally obtained at the wavelength of 2000nm, the opposite-phase supermode is nearly cut off (the optical field leaks to the cladding), the M2 of the same-phase supermode at the wavelength of 2000nm is 1.26 obtained by theoretical calculation, and the mode field area reaches 467.4um2And the mode field area of the common single-core optical fiber with the same core diameter and numerical aperture as the intermediate core is only 346.3um2I.e. the mode field area is increased by 26%.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-core rare earth-doped optical fiber preform, comprising: a preform for forming an intermediate core, a preform for forming the remaining cores except the intermediate core, a glass sleeve for forming a cladding, and a glass fiber for filling the gap;
the middle fiber core prefabricated rod and the rest fiber core prefabricated rods are respectively composed of a core region doped with rare earth and a cladding, each core region is symmetrical and circular, and each cladding is regular hexagon;
the relative refractive index difference of the core constituting the intermediate core preform is Δ 1 and the diameter thereof is d1Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core relative refractive index difference of each of the core preforms other than the intermediate core preform is Delta 2 and the diameter thereof is d2Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the cladding material of each preform constituting the core is pure silica, and the cladding hexagonal edge-to-edge distances are all l, where l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the prefabricated stick of middle fibre core and all the other fibre core prefabricated sticks except middle fibre core all are located inside the glass sleeve, the material of glass sleeve is pure silica, and the internal diameter is ID, and wherein, the size of ID and the relation that needs to satisfy between the number of turns N of the fibre core around middle fibre core are: ID is (2N-1) multiplied by 1.1l, N is more than or equal to 2;
the outer diameter of the glass sleeve is octagonal, the side-to-side distance of the glass sleeve is OD, and the OD and the ID need to meet the following relation:
2. the preform of claim 1, wherein the intermediate core preform and the remaining core preforms except the intermediate core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagonal shape inside a glass sleeve for forming a cladding.
3. The multi-core rare-earth-doped optical fiber preform of claim 1 or 2, characterized by being fabricated from
Determining the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the intermediate core of the optical fiber preform
Determining relative refractive index differences Delta 2 of the cores except the middle core, wherein n1Is the refractive index of the intermediate core, nSiIs a refractive index of pure silicon, n2The refractive index of the remaining core except for the intermediate core.
4. A preparation method of a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber preform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) depositing M rare earth doped core rods in a liner tube made of pure silicon dioxide material, wherein the relative refractive index difference of the core rods of M-1 prefabricated rods is delta 2, and the diameter is d2And Δ 2 and d2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the relative refractive index difference of the remaining 1 core layers is Delta 1, and the diameter is d1And Δ 1 and d1The relationship to be satisfied is:
(2) fusing the M core rods obtained in the step (1) and sleeves made of pure silicon dioxide materials into M solid rods;
(3) polishing the solid rod obtained in the step (2) into a regular hexagon rod with the edge-edge distance of l, wherein l and d1、d2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
(4) preparing a sleeve made of pure silicon dioxide, extending one end of the sleeve, tapering the other end of the sleeve, cleaning and drying, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is ID, the relation required to be met between the size of the ID and the number N of the surrounding fiber cores surrounding the middle fiber core is (2N-1) × 1.1.1 l, N is more than or equal to 2, M is 6N-5, the outer diameter of the sleeve is octagonal, the side-side distance of the sleeve is OD, and the relation required to be met by OD and ID is as follows:
(5) dividing each half of the regular hexagonal rod obtained in the step (3) into two parts, extending one end of each half, tapering the other end of each half, cleaning and drying;
(6) preparing a solid rod made of pure silicon dioxide material, drawing the solid rod into glass filaments, and cleaning and drying the glass filaments;
(7) and (4) arranging the core rods obtained in the step (5) from one end of the extension pipe of the sleeve pipe obtained in the step (4) according to a regular hexagon, pushing the core rods to the center of the sleeve pipe, and uniformly filling the glass filaments obtained in the step (6) to the gap.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the number of M equals 1 intermediate core preform plus half the number of remaining core preforms other than the intermediate core preform.
6. A rare earth doped multi-core optical fiber, comprising: the fiber comprises a middle fiber core, the rest fiber cores except the middle fiber core, a cladding, an inner coating and an outer coating;
the relative refractive index difference Delta 1 of the middle core and the diameter D1 satisfy the following relation:
the relative refractive index difference of each fiber core except the middle core is delta 2 and the diameter D2The relationship to be satisfied is:
the core spacing between the cores is the same and is L, wherein L and D1、D2The relationship to be satisfied is as follows:
the cladding is a regular octagon, the edge-edge distance of the cladding is 250-400 um, and the cladding is made of pure silicon dioxide;
the inner coating is a low-refractive-index polymer, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the inner coating is less than or equal to-5%, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 um, the outer coating is a high-refractive-index coating, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of the outer coating is more than or equal to 3.5%, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550 um.
7. The rare-earth doped multi-core fiber according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate core and the remaining cores other than the intermediate core are symmetrically arranged in a regular hexagonal shape inside the cladding.
8. The rare-earth doped multi-core fiber as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the rare-earth doped multi-core fiber is composed of
Determining the relative refractive index difference Delta 3 of the inner coating of the optical fiber
Determining the relative index difference A4 of the outer coating of the optical fiber, where n3Is the refractive index of the undercoat, nSiIs a refractive index of pure silicon, n4The refractive index of the undercoat layer.
9. A preparation method of a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the multi-core rare earth-doped optical fiber preform prepared by the preparation method of the rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber preform of claim 4 or 5 is drawn into a rare earth-doped multi-core optical fiber with the glass cladding edge-edge distance of 250-400 um, the low-refractive-index coating with the relative refractive index difference delta 3 being less than or equal to-5% is coated to form the inner coating of the optical fiber, the outer diameter of the inner coating is 325-475 um, the high-refractive-index coating with the relative refractive index difference delta 4 being greater than or equal to 3.5% is coated to form the outer coating of the optical fiber, and the outer diameter of the outer coating is 400-550.
10. The application of the rare earth doped multi-core fiber is characterized in that the rare earth doped multi-core fiber is used as a gain medium of a fiber laser.
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