CN109143457B - Large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109143457B CN109143457B CN201810886881.XA CN201810886881A CN109143457B CN 109143457 B CN109143457 B CN 109143457B CN 201810886881 A CN201810886881 A CN 201810886881A CN 109143457 B CN109143457 B CN 109143457B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber which comprises an active fiber core and a cladding, wherein the active fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, a plurality of microstructure units are arranged in the cladding, the microstructure units are arranged by taking the active fiber core as a symmetrical center, each microstructure unit comprises a plurality of refraction layers distributed from inside to outside, and the refraction indexes of the refraction layers are in alternate high and low changes. The invention also provides a preparation method of the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber. The refractive index annular structure of the microstructure units is similar to a double-layer Bragg reflector, a base mode can be limited in an active fiber core area for conduction, the leakage loss of a high-order mode can be increased by adjusting the number, the period, the size and the refractive index of the microstructure units, and the design of a large mode field area single-mode optical fiber is realized; the invention increases the dimension of the design of the microstructure unit in the cladding and increases the controllability of the conduction mode of the active fiber core, and the new design scheme is more favorable for realizing the batch controllable preparation of the large-mode-field active optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers and lasers, in particular to a large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The large mode field active optical fiber is a core component for realizing high-energy ultrafast pulse or continuous laser amplification. The large mode field active optical fiber can effectively reduce various nonlinear effects generated in the pulse amplification process, and effectively improve the energy and peak power of a single pulse in the amplification process. At present, researchers adopt photonic crystal fiber technology to realize large mode field fiber design. In the photonic crystal fiber technology, two major technical approaches are used for realizing large mode field fiber design, one is to adopt a micro air hole array with low refractive index or a fluorine-doped glass dot array in a cladding to limit the conduction of light in a fiber core, and realize the large mode field design by reducing the duty ratio of micro air holes or fluorine-doped glass rods in the cladding; the other method is to adopt a germanium-doped glass rod with high refractive index in a cladding and utilize the photonic band gap effect to prepare the all-solid-state large-mode-field optical fiber. However, the high-order mode loss of the large-mode-field optical fiber prepared by the two technologies is difficult to improve, and the fiber core conduction is uncontrollable.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber, which can increase the leakage loss of a high-order mode, and realize the design of a large mode field area single-mode optical fiber; the invention also provides a preparation method of the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber with a simple manufacturing process.
The invention provides a large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber which comprises an active fiber core and a cladding, wherein the active fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, a plurality of microstructure units are arranged in the cladding, the microstructure units are arranged by taking the active fiber core as a symmetrical center, each microstructure unit comprises a plurality of refraction layers distributed from inside to outside, and the refraction indexes of the refraction layers are in alternate high and low changes.
Furthermore, the microstructure unit sequentially comprises a low-refractive-index glass core and a high-refractive-index glass ring from inside to outside, the low-refractive-index glass core is positioned at the center of the microstructure unit, and the high-refractive-index glass ring surrounds the low-refractive-index glass core.
Further, the microstructure unit further comprises a low refractive index glass ring surrounding the high refractive index glass ring.
Further, the high-refractive-index glass rings and the low-refractive-index glass rings are alternately distributed annularly around the outer side of the low-refractive-index glass core.
Further, the low-refractive-index glass core is made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass, and the refractive index of the low-refractive-index glass core is smaller than that of the high-refractive-index glass ring adjacent to the low-refractive-index glass core.
Further, the high-refractive-index glass rings are made of germanium-doped glass or pure quartz glass, and the refractive index of each high-refractive-index glass ring is greater than that of the adjacent low-refractive-index glass ring.
Further, the low-refractive-index glass rings are made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass, and the refractive index of each low-refractive-index glass ring is smaller than that of the high-refractive-index glass ring adjacent to the low-refractive-index glass ring.
Furthermore, the microstructure units are arranged at equal intervals by taking the active fiber core as a symmetrical center, connecting lines among the microstructure units form a regular polygon, the active fiber core is positioned at the center of the regular polygon, and the microstructure units can be arranged in a single layer or a multilayer manner.
Further, the active fiber core is surrounded by the cladding, the refractive index of the active fiber core is larger than, smaller than or equal to the effective refractive index of the cladding, the active fiber core is doped with rare earth ions, and the rare earth ions are any one of neodymium ions, ytterbium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions, holmium ions, dysprosium ions and praseodymium ions.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a prefabricated rod of a microstructure unit and a prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions by using a chemical vapor deposition method;
s2, polishing or corroding the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit;
s3, drawing the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit and the prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions on an optical fiber drawing tower;
and S4, stacking the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit and the prefabricated rod doped with the rare earth ions by using a stacking method, and drawing the prefabricated rod and the prefabricated rod on an optical fiber drawing tower to form the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention is convenient to realize the all-solid large mode field optical fiber, the invention adopts a brand-new cladding design scheme, and introduces high-low refractive index change in the microstructure unit, the refractive index annular structure of the microstructure unit is similar to a double-layer Bragg reflector, a fundamental mode can be limited in an active fiber core area for conduction, the leakage loss of a high-order mode can be increased by adjusting the number, the period, the size and the refractive index of the microstructure unit, and the design of the large mode field area single mode optical fiber is realized; the invention increases the dimension of the design of the microstructure unit in the cladding and the controllability of the conduction mode of the active fiber core, and the new design scheme is more favorable for realizing the batch controllable preparation of the large-mode-field active optical fiber and further expanding the application range of the optical fiber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a microstructure unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a microstructure unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a microstructure unit according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of microstructure units of the present invention arranged in a regular heptagon.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of microstructure units of the present invention arranged in a regular hexagon.
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber, including an active fiber core 1 and a cladding 2, where the active fiber core 1 is located at the center of the optical fiber, the cladding 2 surrounds the active fiber core 1, the refractive index of the active fiber core 1 is greater than, less than, or equal to the effective refractive index of the cladding 2, a plurality of microstructure units 21 are arranged in the cladding 2, each microstructure unit 21 includes a plurality of refraction layers distributed from inside to outside, the refractive indexes of the refraction layers are alternately changed in high and low, the microstructure units 21 are arranged with the active fiber core 1 as a symmetric center at equal intervals, and connecting lines between the microstructure units 21 form a regular polygon, the active fiber core 1 is located at the center of the regular polygon, so that a fundamental mode transmitted in the active fiber core 1 is confined in the active fiber core 1 by the microstructure units 21, the period and the size of the microstructure units 21 can be adjusted, the leakage loss of the high-order mode transmitted in the optical fiber can be increased by adjusting the period and the size of the microstructure unit 21, and the cladding 2 further comprises a pumping cladding 22, wherein the pumping cladding 22 is made of low-refractive-index coating material, air cladding or noncircular fluorine-doped glass ring.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure unit 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the microstructure unit 21 sequentially includes a low refractive index glass core 211 and a high refractive index glass ring 212 from inside to outside, the low refractive index glass core 211 is located at the center of the microstructure unit 21, the high refractive index glass ring 212 surrounds the low refractive index glass core 211, and the refractive index of the low refractive index glass core 211 is smaller than the refractive index of the high refractive index glass ring 212, so that the refractive index in the microstructure unit 21 changes in a high-low manner.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure unit 21 in embodiment 2 of the present invention, the microstructure unit 21 sequentially includes, from inside to outside, a low refractive index glass core 211, a high refractive index glass ring 212, and a low refractive index glass ring 213, the low refractive index glass core 211 is located at the center of the microstructure unit 21, the high refractive index glass ring 212 surrounds the low refractive index glass core 211, the low refractive index glass ring 213 surrounds the high refractive index glass ring 212, the refractive index of the low refractive index glass core 211 is smaller than that of the high refractive index glass ring 212, and the refractive index of the high refractive index glass ring 212 is larger than that of the low refractive index glass ring 213, so that the refractive index in the microstructure unit 21 is changed alternately.
Referring to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure unit 21 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, in embodiment 3 of the present invention, the microstructure unit 21 includes, from inside to outside, a low refractive index glass core 211, a high refractive index glass ring 212, a low refractive index glass ring 213, and another high refractive index glass ring 212 in sequence, the low refractive index glass core 211 is located at the center of the microstructure unit 21, the high refractive index glass ring 212 surrounds the low refractive index glass core 211, the low refractive index glass ring 213 surrounds the high refractive index glass ring 212, the another high refractive index glass ring 212 surrounds the low refractive index glass ring 213, the refractive index of the low refractive index glass core 211 is smaller than that of the high refractive index glass ring 212, the refractive index of the high refractive index glass ring 212 is larger than that of the low refractive index glass ring 213, the refractive index of the low refractive index glass ring 213, so that the refractive index in the microstructure unit 21 is alternately changed.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the low refractive index glass core 211 is made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass, the high refractive index glass ring 212 is made of germanium-doped glass or pure quartz glass, and the low refractive index glass ring 213 is made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass.
On the basis of the above embodiments 1 to 3, the high refractive index glass rings 212 and the low refractive index glass rings 213 are alternately distributed circumferentially around the outside of the low refractive index glass core 211, and the refractive index of the repeatedly appearing high refractive index glass rings 212 may be the same as or different from the refractive index (from inside to outside) of the high refractive index glass ring 212 appearing for the first time; the refractive index of the repeated low-index glass ring 213 may be the same as or different from the refractive index (from inside to outside) of the first-appearing low-index glass ring 213. The outermost layer of the microstructure unit 21 may be a high refractive index glass ring 212 or a low refractive index glass ring 213, each high refractive index glass ring 212 has a refractive index greater than that of the low refractive index glass ring 213 adjacent thereto, each low refractive index glass ring 213 has a refractive index smaller than that of the high refractive index glass ring 212 adjacent thereto, and the high refractive index glass ring 212 adjacent to the low refractive index glass core 211 has a refractive index greater than that of the low refractive index glass core 211.
The active fiber core 1 of the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention is doped with rare earth ions, and the rare earth ions are any one of neodymium ions, ytterbium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions, holmium ions, dysprosium ions and praseodymium ions.
In embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention, the size and the refractive index variation of the microstructure unit 21 are not limited, and the optimal design can be obtained by performing specific design calculation according to the core mode characteristics and the doped rare earth ions in the large mode field active optical fiber.
When the microstructure units 21 of the large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber provided by the embodiment of the present invention are arranged according to a regular polygon, the regular polygon is a regular triangle, or may be a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a regular heptagon, a regular octagon, a regular nonagon or a regular decagon, when the microstructure units 21 are arranged according to a regular pentagon, a regular heptagon, a regular octagon, a regular nonagon or a regular decagon, the microstructure units are arranged in a single layer, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure units 21 arranged according to a regular pentagon, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure units 21 arranged according to a regular heptagon; when the microstructure units 21 are arranged in a regular hexagon, the microstructure units are arranged in a single layer or in a double layer, referring to fig. 6, when the microstructure units 21 are arranged in a double layer, the first layer of microstructure units 21 close to the active fiber core 1 are arranged in a regular hexagon, the second layer of microstructure units 21 far away from the active fiber core 1 are arranged outside the first layer of microstructure units 21 in a regular hexagon, and the number of the microstructure units 21 in the second layer of microstructure units 21 is twice as large as the number of the microstructure units 21 in the first layer of microstructure units 21.
Referring to fig. 7, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber, including the following steps:
step S1, respectively preparing a prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit 21 and a prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions by using a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the refractive index distribution of the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit 21 is designed and prepared according to a high-low refractive index alternative rule;
step S2, performing appropriate grinding or etching treatment on the preform of the microstructure unit 21 to obtain an appropriate outer diameter size;
step S3, drawing the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit 21 on an optical fiber drawing tower to the diameter of 1mm-10mm, and drawing the prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions to the diameter of 1mm-10 mm;
step S4, the prefabricated rods of the microstructure units 21 and the prefabricated rods doped with rare earth ions are stacked by a stacking method, the prefabricated rods of the microstructure units 21 are arranged at equal intervals by taking the prefabricated rods doped with rare earth ions as the symmetric center according to a regular polygon, and the stacked prefabricated rods are drawn into large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fibers on an optical fiber drawing tower.
Compared with the prior art, the all-solid large mode field optical fiber is convenient to realize, high-low refractive index changes are introduced into the microstructure unit 21 by adopting a brand-new cladding design scheme, the refractive index annular structure of the microstructure unit 21 is similar to a double-layer Bragg reflector, a fundamental mode can be limited in an active fiber core 1 area for conduction, the leakage loss of a high-order mode can be increased by adjusting the number, the period, the size and the refractive index of the microstructure unit 21, and the design of the large mode field area single mode optical fiber is realized; the invention increases the dimension of the design of the microstructure unit 21 in the cladding 2 and the controllability of the conduction mode of the active fiber core 1, and the new design scheme is more beneficial to realizing the batch controllable preparation of the large-mode-field active fiber and further expanding the application range of the fiber.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber comprises an active fiber core and a cladding, wherein the active fiber core is positioned in the center of the optical fiber, and is characterized in that a plurality of microstructure units are arranged in the cladding, the microstructure units are arranged at equal intervals by taking the active fiber core as a symmetric center, a regular polygon is formed by connecting lines among the microstructure units, the active fiber core is positioned in the center of the regular polygon, the microstructure units sequentially comprise a low-refractive-index glass core and a high-refractive-index glass ring from inside to outside, the low-refractive-index glass core is positioned in the center of the microstructure units, and the high-refractive-index glass ring surrounds the low-refractive-index glass core.
2. The large mode area all-solid-state optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the microstructure unit further comprises a low index glass ring surrounding a high index glass ring.
3. The large mode area all-solid-state optical fiber according to claim 2, wherein the high index glass rings and the low index glass rings are alternately circumferentially distributed around the outside of the low index glass core.
4. The large mode area all-solid-state optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the low refractive index glass core is made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass, and has a refractive index smaller than that of the high refractive index glass ring adjacent thereto.
5. The large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the high index glass rings are made of germanium-doped glass or pure silica glass, and each high index glass ring has a refractive index greater than that of the low index glass ring adjacent thereto.
6. The large mode area all-solid-state optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the low refractive index glass rings are made of fluorine-doped glass or undoped glass, and each low refractive index glass ring has a refractive index smaller than that of the high refractive index glass ring adjacent thereto.
7. The large mode field all solid state optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the microstructure units can be arranged in a single layer or multiple layers.
8. The large mode field all-solid optical fiber of claim 1 wherein the cladding surrounds an active core having a refractive index greater than, less than, or equal to the effective refractive index of the cladding, the active core being doped with a rare earth ion that is any one of a neodymium ion, a ytterbium ion, an erbium ion, a thulium ion, a holmium ion, a dysprosium ion, and a praseodymium ion.
9. A method for preparing a large mode field all-solid-state optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a prefabricated rod of a microstructure unit and a prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions by using a chemical vapor deposition method;
s2, polishing or corroding the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit;
s3, drawing the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit and the prefabricated rod doped with rare earth ions on an optical fiber drawing tower;
and S4, stacking the prefabricated rod of the microstructure unit and the prefabricated rod doped with the rare earth ions by using a stacking method, and drawing the prefabricated rod and the prefabricated rod on an optical fiber drawing tower to form the large-mode-field all-solid-state optical fiber.
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| WO2024025459A1 (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-01 | Nanyang Technological University | Optical fiber and method of forming the same |
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| US6931187B2 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-08-16 | Kwangju Institute Of Science And Technology | Mode-filtering and mode-selecting method in multi-mode waveguide, and waveguide amplifier, semiconductor laser, and VCSEL using the method |
| JP5170852B2 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2013-03-27 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber and optical transmission medium |
| US20080050076A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Ming-Jun Li | Low loss photonic waveguide having high index contrast glass layers |
| US7876495B1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2011-01-25 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Apparatus and method for compensating for and using mode-profile distortions caused by bending optical fibers |
| EP2585863B1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2018-10-03 | NKT Photonics A/S | Large core area single mode optical fiber |
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| CN1500221A (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-05-26 | 全波导通信公司 | Electromagnetic mode conversion in photonic crystal multionode waveguides |
| JP2007316310A (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2007-12-06 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Optical fiber cord and its manufacturing method |
| CN103439763A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-11 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Total solid optical fiber with large-mode field area and manufacturing method thereof |
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Address after: 430000 Anyang laser high power ultrafast fiber laser production base project (all for self use), No. 101 fiber building / unit, No. 1-3 floor workshop, No. 6, photoelectric Park Second Road, zuoling street, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Province Patentee after: Wuhan Anyang Laser Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430000 building e, Cyberport, Dongxin Road, Donghu Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee before: WUHAN YANGTZE SOTON LASER Co.,Ltd. |