CN107329205B - Rare earth doped optical fiber - Google Patents
Rare earth doped optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN107329205B CN107329205B CN201710770410.8A CN201710770410A CN107329205B CN 107329205 B CN107329205 B CN 107329205B CN 201710770410 A CN201710770410 A CN 201710770410A CN 107329205 B CN107329205 B CN 107329205B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth doped optical fiber. The optical fiber comprises a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding and an organic coating cladding from inside to outside; the numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is between 0.1 and 0.24; the numerical aperture of the organic coating cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is greater than or equal to 0.35. The optical fiber greatly reduces light leakage of the organic coating layer, improves long-term working reliability and prolongs service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber laser, and particularly relates to a rare earth doped fiber for a laser.
Background
The fiber laser is a laser which utilizes optical fiber as a laser gain medium, and laser output of different wave bands is obtained by doping different rare earth ions in an optical fiber quartz substrate. The optical fiber laser has high beam quality, large specific surface area, good heat dissipation, high conversion efficiency, small volume, compact structure and easy maintenance, and is widely applied to various fields such as industrial processing, medical treatment, military affairs, communication and the like.
The existing double-clad optical fiber adopting the design scheme, particularly the ytterbium-doped double-clad optical fiber, has the cladding diameter of more than 400 mu m and more than 600 mu m or even 800 mu m, and can realize the output of single-fiber laser with several kilowatts or even ten-thousand watt level. And other rare earth doped fibers, such as thulium-doped and erbium-doped double-clad fibers, can also achieve laser output of several kilowatts.
Meanwhile, the double-clad fiber is converted into laser with specific wavelength with better mode and higher power in a rare earth-doped core (the size of the core is 10 mu m or 20 mu m generally) with low NA and small size by injecting multimode pump light into the cladding. In order to obtain higher laser conversion efficiency, the quartz cladding often has a non-circular cross section, thereby breaking the symmetry, so that more pump light is injected into the core and absorbed by the core for conversion into the desired laser output. In the double-clad light, pure quartz glass is used as an inner cladding, and fluorine-doped acrylic resin coating is used as an outer cladding. Because the fluorine-doped acrylic resin coating has an ultralow refractive index (about 1.3), the pump light injected into the inner cladding is totally reflected at the interface of the inner cladding and the outer cladding. However, the interface is not a complete mirror surface, and part of the pump light can propagate in the fluorine-doped acrylic resin in the form of evanescent waves, so that when the laser radiation is carried out for a long time, the ageing of the low-refractive-index coating can be caused by overhigh temperature, laser radiation and water vapor invasion, and the ageing speed is accelerated particularly in a high-power laser. When the low-refractive-index coating is aged, the absolute refractive index of the low-refractive-index coating can be increased, the adhesive force with a glass cladding can be reduced, the conditions of peeling off, microcrack generation and the like can occur simultaneously, the gain performance of the optical fiber is influenced, light leakage can occur in serious cases, the optical fiber is burnt, and other devices of the optical fiber laser, including a beam combiner, a pumping unit, an isolator and the like, are even damaged.
Meanwhile, the difficulty of drawing an asymmetric optical fiber preform into an optical fiber meeting requirements is high, the geometric control of the optical fiber under the existing technical conditions is difficult to control, especially, the control of the wire diameter and the measurement of the wire drawing tension are unstable, the fluctuation of the wire diameter brings the fusion loss of the optical fiber, and the fluctuation of the tension can cause the strength of the optical fiber to be poor and the loss to be increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a rare earth doped optical fiber for laser, which aims to solve the problem that the service life of a laser is short due to the fact that the existing rare earth doped optical fiber coating for laser is easy to age and simultaneously solve the technical problem that the parameter difference of an optical fiber is large due to the wire drawing diameter and the tension fluctuation of a non-circular preform rod by adding a quartz cladding with a lower refractive index between the quartz cladding and an organic coating cladding with a low refractive index.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rare earth-doped optical fiber including, from the inside out, a doped core, a first silica cladding, a second silica cladding, and an organic coating cladding;
the numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding layer relative to the first quartz cladding layer is between 0.1 and 0.24;
the organic-paint cladding has a numerical aperture greater than or equal to 0.35 relative to the first quartz cladding.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped fiber has a cross-sectional area ratio of the doped core to the first silica cladding of between 1:6 and 1600.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped fiber has a cross-sectional area ratio of the first silica cladding to the second silica cladding of 3-50: 1.
Preferably, the second silica cladding of the rare-earth doped fiber is a fluorine-doped silica layer.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped fiber has a second silica cladding with a circular cross-sectional shape and is geometrically concentric with the doped core.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped fiber has a first silica cladding that is a pure silica cladding.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped fiber has a non-circular cross-sectional profile of the first silica cladding.
Preferably, the rare-earth doped optical fiber has a first silica cladding with a cross-sectional profile of 4D, D type, octagon, hexagon, quincunx, square, or rectangle.
Preferably, the rare earth doped fiber has a doped core with a numerical aperture of between 0.06 and 0.25 relative to the first silica cladding and a doped core radius of between 2.5 μm and 200 μm.
Preferably, the rare earth doped optical fiber has an organic coating cladding thickness of between 20 μm and 40 μm.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a rare earth doped fiber for laser, which is characterized in that a quartz cladding with low refractive index, such as a fluorine-doped quartz layer, is added between a pure quartz cladding and an organic coating cladding on the basis of the original rare earth doped fiber, and refractive index and geometric size parameters are searched, so that a fiber core, a first quartz cladding and a second quartz cladding form a refractive index trap, thereby ensuring that more pumping light is injected, and the rare earth doped fiber has the application characteristics of the existing double-cladding fiber and can be directly applied to the existing laser; meanwhile, the refractive index gradients of the first quartz cladding, the second adaptive cladding and the organic coating cladding are reduced, light leakage of the organic coating cladding is greatly reduced, when the laser works at high power, pump light is limited inside the optical fiber, the service life of the organic coating is greatly prolonged, and other elements of the laser can be prevented from being burnt, so that the laser bearing power of the optical fiber is improved, the reliability of long-term working is improved, the service life is prolonged, and accidental loss is avoided.
In a preferable scheme, the second quartz cladding provided by the rare earth doped fiber has a circular cross section, so that the welding consistency can be improved. Because the existing optical fiber fusion splicers are designed for circular optical fibers for communication, particularly V-shaped grooves for holding the optical fibers, the angles of the non-circular symmetrical optical fibers placed in the V-shaped grooves are different, the angles of fiber cores and cladding of the optical fibers are different, the heights and the positions of the placed fiber cores are different, and the consistency of fusion splicing at each time is difficult to ensure. The three-clad optical fiber glass provided by the invention has a round outer layer, can be used for a communication optical fiber fusion splicer, obviously improves the fusion splicing consistency, and reduces the requirements on operators and the fusion splicer.
Meanwhile, the success rate of end face cutting of the optical fiber can be improved, especially for the optical fiber with large diameter, the cutting times are reduced, and the efficiency is improved. Because the double-clad optical fiber glass cladding is generally non-circular, and the existing optical fiber cutters are designed aiming at the circular optical fiber, the edges and the faces of the non-circular symmetrical optical fiber are stressed differently during cutting, and the probability of forming broken edges and notches is higher when the edges are cut; the outer layer of the triple-clad optical fiber glass is circular, the stress is uniform during cutting, and the triple-clad optical fiber glass is particularly obviously optimized for optimizing edge breakage and gaps during cutting of large-diameter optical fibers.
The second quartz cladding section of the optical fiber provided by the invention is circular in shape, is easy to draw and form, and can improve the wire drawing diameter fluctuation of the optical fiber.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams of the structure and refractive index profile of rare-earth doped optical fibers according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rare-earth doped fiber with a first silica cladding having a non-circularly symmetric outer shape according to the present invention; FIG. 4A is a 4D first quartz cladding; FIG. 4B is a first quartz cladding layer of type D; FIG. 4C is a square first quartz cladding; FIG. 4D is a rectangular first quartz cladding; FIG. 4E shows a quincunx first quartz cladding; FIG. 4F shows a hexagonal first quartz cladding, the second quartz cladding having a cross-sectional inner shape matching the cross-sectional outer boundary of the first quartz cladding.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same structure, wherein: 1 is a fiber core, 2 is a first quartz cladding, 3 is a second quartz cladding, 4 is an organic coating cladding, and 5 is an outer layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The rare earth doped fiber for the laser, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding, an organic coating cladding and an outer layer from inside to outside;
the doped core has a numerical aperture of between 0.06 and 0.25 relative to the first silica cladding. The cross-section is preferably circular and the radius is between 2.5 μm and 200. mu.m. The fiber core can be doped with dopants such as germanium, aluminum, phosphorus, fluorine and the like; the rare earth ions can also be doped to include one or more of ytterbium, erbium, thulium, holmium, cerium and the like.
The first silica cladding, preferably a pure silica layer, has a cross-sectional area ratio of the doped core to the first silica cladding of between 1:3 and 1600. The cross section of the first quartz cladding layer is not concentric with the cross section of the core layer, namely when the cross section of the first quartz cladding layer is circular, the cross section of the first quartz cladding layer is not concentric with the cross section of the core layer, or the cross section of the first quartz cladding layer is non-circular. The first quartz cladding preferably has a non-circular cross-sectional profile, including a symmetrical profile, such as: 4D-shaped, octagonal, hexagonal, quincunx, square or rectangular; asymmetrical shapes such as D-shapes. The first quartz cladding is in a non-circular symmetrical shape, the geometric dimension of the first quartz cladding is far larger than that of the doped fiber core, and the first quartz cladding is used for restraining cladding pumping light and enabling the pumping light to be fully absorbed by the core layer.
The numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding layer relative to the first quartz cladding layer is between 0.1 and 0.24; the second quartz cladding is a fluorine-doped quartz cladding. The fluorine-doped quartz can meet the requirement of the invention on the numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding, simultaneously ensures the transmission efficiency of the pump light, and is more convenient for industrial batch production. The inner shape of the cross section of the second quartz cladding is non-circular symmetrical shape matched with the first quartz cladding, such as 4D, D type, octagon, hexagon, quincunx type, square or rectangle (as shown in figures 4 to 9); the outer shape is a shape which is easy to draw, for example, square, circular. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first quartz cladding layer to the cross-sectional area of the second quartz cladding layer is between 3 and 50: 1. And the second quartz cladding is used for preventing the pump light from leaking to the organic coating cladding, increasing the heat resistance of the optical fiber so as to improve the pump power, comprehensively considering the processing difficulty, the absorption effect, the transmission performance and the cost, and selecting the numerical aperture and the geometric dimension. The relative numerical aperture is smaller, the geometric dimension is correspondingly increased, the cost is increased, the absorption effect and the transmission performance of the pump are not obviously improved, the relative numerical aperture with too small geometric dimension is difficult to further improve, the absorption effect and the transmission performance cannot be ensured, and the processing difficulty is sharply increased.
The organic paint cladding has a numerical aperture greater than or equal to 0.35 relative to the first quartz cladding and a thickness between 20 μm and 40 μm.
The outer layer is a resin coating.
The invention provides a rare earth doped optical fiber for a laser, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) wrapping the doped fiber core with a first quartz cladding material, and processing the cross section of the doped fiber core into a preset shape to obtain a preform semi-finished product; one of the following operations may be employed:
A. deposition of an external gas phase;
B. vapor axial deposition;
C. chemical vapor deposition;
D. plasma chemical vapor deposition;
E. and (5) sintering and wrapping the fusion-shrinkage pipe.
(2) And (2) wrapping the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod obtained in the step (1) by using a second quartz cladding material, and processing the section of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod into a preset shape to obtain the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod. One of the following operations is also employed:
A. deposition of an external gas phase;
B. vapor axial deposition;
C. chemical vapor deposition;
D. plasma chemical vapor deposition;
E. and (5) sintering and wrapping the fusion-shrinkage pipe.
Preferably, the coating is wrapped by a fused shrink tube through sintering, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and fixing the doped fiber core to be wrapped in a first fused tube made of quartz cladding material or fixing the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod in a second fused tube made of quartz cladding material, and fusing and sintering.
(3) And (3) drawing and molding the optical fiber preform obtained in the step (2) to obtain the rare earth doped optical fiber.
The following are examples:
example 1
A rare earth doped fiber for a laser is shown in figure 1 and comprises a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding, an organic coating cladding and an outer layer from inside to outside;
the doped core has a numerical aperture of 0.06 relative to the first silica cladding. The cross section is circular and the radius is between 25 μm. The doped component of the fiber core is 1.2 wt% of Yb2O3，3.5％wt P2O5，3.0％wt Al2O3。
The first quartz cladding layer is a pure quartz layer, the cross section of the first quartz cladding layer is in the shape of a regular octagon, the radius of the first quartz cladding layer is 182.5 mu m, and the radius of the first quartz cladding layer is half of the distance between two parallel opposite sides of the octagon.
The numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is 0.22; the second quartz cladding is a fluorine-doped quartz cladding, and the fluorine-doped quartz cladding is doped with 5% by mass of fluorine. The inner shape of the section of the second quartz cladding is matched with that of the first quartz cladding; the shape is round. The second quartz cladding radius is 200 μm.
The organic paint cladding layer had a numerical aperture of 0.47 relative to the first quartz cladding layer and a thickness of 35 μm.
The outer layer is an acrylic resin coating and is circular, the radius is 275 mu m, and the numerical aperture of the relative pure quartz is 0.25.
The rare earth doped optical fiber for the laser provided by the embodiment is prepared according to the following method:
(1) wrapping the doped fiber core with a first quartz cladding material, and processing the cross section of the doped fiber core into a regular octagon to obtain a preform semi-finished product; the preparation is carried out by chemical vapor deposition;
(2) and (2) wrapping the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod obtained in the step (1) by using a second quartz cladding material, processing the section of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod into a preset shape to obtain the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod, and sintering and wrapping the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod by adopting a fusion shrinkage tube.
(3) And (3) drawing the rare earth doped optical fiber preform obtained in the step (2) to form the rare earth doped optical fiber.
Example 2
A rare earth doped fiber for a laser, as shown in FIG. 2, comprises a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding, an organic coating cladding and an outer layer from inside to outside;
the numerical aperture of the doped core relative to the first silica cladding is 0.2. The cross section is circular, and the radius is between 5 mu m. The doped component of the fiber core is 1.0 wt% of Yb2O3，3.5％wt P2O5，6.2％wt Al2O3。
The first quartz cladding is a pure quartz layer, and the cross section of the first quartz cladding is in a regular hexagon shape; the radius is 65 μm, and the first quartz cladding radius is half the distance between two parallel opposite sides of the hexagon.
The numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is 0.12; the second quartz cladding is a fluorine-doped quartz cladding, and the fluorine-doped quartz cladding is doped with 1.18 percent by mass of fluorine. The inner shape of the section of the second quartz cladding is matched with that of the first quartz cladding; the shape is round. The second quartz cladding radius was 75 μm.
The organic paint cladding layer had a numerical aperture of 0.47 relative to the first quartz cladding layer and a thickness of 35 μm.
The outer layer is an acrylic resin coating and is round.
The rare earth doped optical fiber for the laser provided by the embodiment is prepared according to the following method:
(1) wrapping the doped fiber core with a first quartz cladding material, and processing the cross section of the doped fiber core into a regular octagon to obtain a preform semi-finished product; the preparation is carried out by chemical vapor deposition;
(2) and (2) wrapping the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod obtained in the step (1) by using a second quartz cladding material, processing the section of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod into a preset shape to obtain the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod, and sintering and wrapping the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod by adopting a fusion shrinkage tube.
(3) And (3) drawing the rare earth doped optical fiber preform obtained in the step (2) to form the rare earth doped optical fiber.
Example 3
A rare earth doped fiber for a laser, as shown in FIG. 3, comprises a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding, an organic coating cladding, and an outer layer from inside to outside;
the numerical aperture of the doped core relative to the first silica cladding is 0.1. The cross section is circular, and the radius is between 100 mu m. The doped component of the fiber core is 1.0 wt% of Yb2O3，3.5％wt P2O5，4.1％wt Al2O3。
The first quartz cladding is a pure quartz layer, and the cross section of the first quartz cladding is in a regular octagon shape; the radius is 200 μm, and the radius of the first quartz cladding layer is half of the distance between two parallel opposite sides of the octagon.
The numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is 0.20; the second quartz cladding is a fluorine-doped quartz cladding, and the fluorine-doped quartz cladding is 3.96 percent by mass. The inner shape of the section of the second quartz cladding is matched with that of the first quartz cladding; the shape is round. The second quartz cladding radius was 1400 μm.
The organic paint cladding layer had a numerical aperture of 0.47 relative to the first quartz cladding layer and a thickness of 35 μm.
The outer layer is an acrylic resin coating and is round.
The rare earth doped optical fiber for the laser provided by the embodiment is prepared according to the following method:
(1) wrapping the doped fiber core with a first quartz cladding material, and processing the cross section of the doped fiber core into a regular octagon to obtain a preform semi-finished product; the preparation is carried out by chemical vapor deposition;
(2) and (2) wrapping the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod obtained in the step (1) by using a second quartz cladding material, processing the section of the semi-finished product of the prefabricated rod into a preset shape to obtain the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod, and sintering and wrapping the rare earth doped optical fiber prefabricated rod by adopting a fusion shrinkage tube.
(3) And (3) drawing the rare earth doped optical fiber preform obtained in the step (2) to form the rare earth doped optical fiber.
The doped fiber structure provided by the invention is suitable for various non-circularly symmetrical first quartz claddings, as shown in figure 4.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The rare earth doped optical fiber with the three claddings is characterized by comprising a doped fiber core, a first quartz cladding, a second quartz cladding and an organic coating cladding from inside to outside;
the numerical aperture of the second quartz cladding layer relative to the first quartz cladding layer is between 0.1 and 0.24;
the numerical aperture of the organic-paint cladding relative to the first quartz cladding is greater than or equal to 0.35;
the first quartz cladding has a non-circular cross section, and the second quartz cladding has a circular cross section and is geometrically concentric with the doped fiber core;
the cross-sectional area ratio of the doped core to the first silica cladding is between 1:3 and 1600;
the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first quartz cladding layer to the cross-sectional area of the second quartz cladding layer is between 3 and 50: 1;
the second quartz cladding is a fluorine-doped quartz cladding.
2. The rare-earth doped optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the first silica cladding is a pure silica cladding.
3. The rare-earth doped optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the first silica clad cross-sectional profile is 4D, D type, octagonal, hexagonal, quincunx, square, or rectangular.
4. The rare-earth doped optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the doped core has a numerical aperture of between 0.06 and 0.25 relative to the first silica cladding and a doped core radius of between 2.5 μm and 200 μm.
5. The rare-earth doped optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the organic coating cladding thickness is between 20 μm and 40 μm.
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| CN109031516B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-12-29 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Large-mode-field double-cladding ytterbium-doped optical fiber |
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| CN111025459B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Three-clad ytterbium-doped silica fiber and method for sleeving high-concentration fluorine-layer silica tube with rod |
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| CN112764155A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-07 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Hard cladding rare earth-doped optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN113568092B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Multilayer quartz optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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