CN110850522A - Partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
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- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
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- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and a preparation method thereof. The core is made of SiO2The substrate is composed of a rare earth doped region and a non-rare earth doped region, and the non-rare earth doped region is coated on the periphery of the rare earth doped region; the periphery of the fiber core is sequentially provided with an octagonal cladding, a low-refractive-index inner coating and a high-refractive-index outer coating; the refractive index distribution of the fiber core and the octagonal cladding is step type, and the refractive index of the rare earth doped region and the refractive index of the non-rare earth doped region in the fiber core are equal. The beneficial effects are that: the invention has reasonable structural design, can effectively control the mode instability of the optical fiber under high power and improve the beam of the output laserThe quality, the process control is convenient, the preparation and the production are easy, and the domestic popularization is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of optical fiber manufacturing, and is used for preparing a high-performance optical fiber.
Background
Fiber lasers have been rapidly developed in recent ten years and are widely used in the fields of industrial processing, laser medical treatment, laser weaponry, leading-edge science and the like. In terms of industrial applications, fiber lasers have already accounted for half the share of industrial lasers and have remained rapidly evolving. As a gain medium of the fiber laser, the performance of the rare-earth doped fiber directly determines the power level and the beam quality of the fiber laser.
The existing conventional double-cladding rare earth-doped fiber core supports few-mode transmission, rare earth ions are uniformly doped in the whole fiber core, and the high-order mode has the advantage of strength at the edge of a doped region due to the fact that the light intensity distribution of a fundamental mode is close to Gaussian distribution and the gain saturation effect of the central region caused by the dominant fundamental mode, so that the high-order mode is amplified. This can cause mode instability effects when conventional double-clad rare earth-doped fibers are used for high-power laser transmission, degrading beam quality and reducing fiber performance. There is a need to develop other fiber configurations to ameliorate these problems.
In response to the above problems, researchers have proposed the concept of a partially rare-earth doped fiber, i.e., a rare-earth doped region in only the middle portion of the core of a large mode area fiber. M. hoteleanu et al reported in "m.hoteleanu, high order mode in large mode active fibers by controlling the radial accumulation of the random area, SPIE, 6102:61021T, 2006" that the generation of high order modes can be suppressed by changing the radius of the core rare earth doped region, optimizing the fiber performance. Changgeng Ye et al, in "Changgeng Ye, Joona Kopoen, Teemu Kokki, et al, defined-nanoparticles for quality improvement of beam, design and performance, SPIE, 8237: 823737-1-823737-7, 2012", prepared a part of rare earth doped fiber by Direct Nanoparticle Deposition (DND) technology, to achieve the effect of optimizing the quality of output laser beam. However, the DND technology is mastered by a few foreign research institutions and is difficult to study and popularize in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art in China, the invention provides the partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and the preparation method thereof, the optical fiber can effectively reduce the high-order mode gain and improve the beam quality of output laser, and meanwhile, the optical fiber is convenient to process control, easy to prepare and produce and convenient to popularize in China.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the utility model provides a part mixes rare earth optical fiber, includes fibre core, octagon cladding, low refractive index undercoating, high refractive index overcoating, its characterized in that: the core is made of SiO2The substrate is composed of a rare earth doped region and a non-rare earth doped region, and the non-rare earth doped region is coated on the periphery of the rare earth doped region; the periphery of the fiber core is sequentially provided with an octagonal cladding, a low-refractive-index inner coating and a high-refractive-index outer coating;
the ratio of the diameter of the rare earth doped region to the diameter of the fiber core is 0.5-0.6;
the rare earth elements doped in the rare earth doped region comprise one or two of Yb, Er, Tm and Ho, and the co-doped elements comprise Al, P and Ce;
the non-rare earth-doped region doping element comprises one or two of Ge and Al;
the refractive index of the rare earth doped region and the refractive index of the non-rare earth doped region in the fiber core are equal;
the refractive index distribution of the fiber core and the octagonal cladding is step type, and the refractive index difference delta n between the fiber core and the octagonal cladding is 0.0010-0.0015.
A method for preparing a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform core rod by adopting an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a solution doping method or an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a chelate gas phase doping method, sequentially depositing a non-rare earth-doped area and a rare earth-doped area in a fiber core through a plurality of layers of deposited core layers, wherein the total number of deposited layers is more than 30, and after the deposition is finished, performing rod shrinkage at a high temperature to prepare the partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform core rod;
acid washing and high-temperature polishing are adopted to remove impurities and fine cracks in the prefabricated rod core rod, so that the strength of the optical fiber is improved;
sleeving the prefabricated rod core rod according to the proportion of the prepared fiber core and the octagonal cladding;
grinding and polishing the sheathed preform, and processing the preform cladding into an octagonal shape;
and putting the polished preform into a heating furnace of a wire drawing tower, melting and shrinking the preform into a wire, performing double-layer coating to form a low-refractive-index inner coating and a high-refractive-index outer coating, and preparing the double-cladding partially rare earth-doped optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the conventional double-cladding rare earth-doped fiber, few-mode transmission is supported in a fiber core, rare earth ions are uniformly distributed in the whole fiber core, and a high-order mode has the advantage of strength at the edge of a doped region, so that the gain of a fundamental mode in output laser is reduced, and the quality of a light beam is degraded. According to the partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and the preparation method thereof, the competitive advantage of a fundamental mode is highlighted by controlling the area of the rare earth-doped region in the fiber core, so that the effect of optimizing the beam quality of the large-mode-field rare earth-doped optical fiber is achieved.
(2) The traditional part of rare earth-doped optical fiber is prepared by adopting DND technology, but the DND technology is mastered by a few foreign research institutions and is difficult to study and popularize at home. The method adopts a common improved chemical Vapor deposition (MCVD) process, can flexibly and accurately control the diameters of the rare earth doped region and the non-rare earth doped region in the fiber core by depositing the core layers in multiple layers, provides a very simple method for preparing optical fibers with different doping region ratios, and is simple in process control and suitable for large-scale production.
(3) The MCVD process is adopted to prepare part of the rare earth-doped optical fibers, so that the structural design is reasonable, the mode instability of the laser optical fibers under high power can be effectively controlled, the beam quality of output laser is improved, and the popularization in China is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a rare earth doped optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the refractive index profile of a portion of a rare earth doped fiber of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. the core comprises a fiber core, 1-1 rare earth doped region, 1-2 non-rare earth doped region, 2 octagon cladding, 3 low refractive index inner coating and 4 high refractive index outer coating.
In FIG. 2, n1 is the refractive index of the octagonal cladding, n2 is the refractive index of the non-rare earth doped region in the core, and n3 is the refractive index of the rare earth doped region in the core, wherein n2= n3, and the refractive index difference (n 2-n 1) between the core and the octagonal cladding (△ n = 0.0010-0.0015).
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the features of the present invention and other related features are further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber includes a core 1, an octagonal cladding 2, a low refractive index inner coating 3, and a high refractive index outer coating 4;
the core 1 is made of SiO2The substrate is composed of a rare earth doped region 1-1 and a non-rare earth doped region 1-2, and the non-rare earth doped region 1-2 is coated on the periphery of the rare earth doped region 1-1; the periphery of the fiber core 1 is sequentially provided with an octagonal cladding 2, a low-refractive-index inner coating 3 and a high-refractive-index outer coating 4.
The ratio of the diameter of the rare earth doped region 1-1 to the diameter of the fiber core 1 is 0.5-0.6;
the rare earth elements doped in the rare earth doped region 1-1 comprise one or two of Yb, Er, Tm and Ho, and the co-doped elements comprise Al, P, Ce and the like;
the non-rare earth-doped region 1-2 is doped with one or two of Ge and Al;
the refractive index of the rare earth doped region 1-1 and the refractive index of the non-rare earth doped region 1-2 in the fiber core are equal;
the refractive index distribution of the fiber core 1 and the octagonal cladding 2 is step type, and the refractive index difference delta n between the fiber core 1 and the octagonal cladding 2 is 0.0010-0.0015.
A method for preparing a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber comprises the following steps:
preparing a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform rod by adopting an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a solution doping method or an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a chelate gas phase doping method, sequentially depositing a non-rare earth-doped area 1-2 and a rare earth-doped area 1-1 in a fiber core through a plurality of layers of deposition core layers, wherein the total number of deposition layers is more than 30, and after the deposition is finished, performing rod shrinkage at a high temperature of about 2000 ℃ to prepare the partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform rod;
acid washing and high-temperature polishing are adopted to remove impurities and fine cracks in the prefabricated rod core rod, so that the strength of the optical fiber is improved;
sleeving the prefabricated rod core rod according to the proportion of the prepared fiber core and the octagonal cladding;
grinding and polishing the sheathed preform, and processing the preform cladding into an octagonal shape;
and (3) putting the polished preform into a heating furnace of a wire drawing tower, fusing and shrinking the preform into a wire at the high temperature of about 2000 ℃, and performing double-layer coating to form a low-refractive-index inner coating 3 and a high-refractive-index outer coating 4, thus preparing the double-cladding partially rare earth-doped optical fiber.
Example 1: the partial rare earth-doped optical fiber comprises a fiber core 1, an octagonal cladding 2, a low-refractive-index inner coating 3 and a high-refractive-index outer coating 4.
The core 1 is made of SiO2Is used as a substrate, wherein a rare earth element Yb and co-doping elements Al and P are doped in a rare earth doped region 1-1; the non-rare earth doped region 1-2 is doped with Ge and Al elements.
The ratio of the rare earth doped region 1-1 to the diameter of the core 1 in the core 1 is 0.5.
The rare earth doped region 1-1 and the non-rare earth doped region 1-2 in the core 1 have refractive indices n2= n3 equal to 1.4536. The refractive index n1 of the octagonal cladding 2 is 1.4524, and the difference n2-n1 is 0.0012.
Through the technical scheme, the rare earth-doped optical fiber provided by the first embodiment of the invention improves the interaction chance of the transverse mode and the gain particles of the optical fiber by changing the radial distribution of rare earth-doped ions in the fiber core along the section of the optical fiber, and highlights the competitive advantage of the fundamental mode so as to achieve the effect of optimizing the beam quality.
Example 2:
to facilitate an understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a method of making a partially rare-earth doped optical fiber.
Firstly, depositing and preparing a non-rare earth-doped region 1-2 in a core layer in a quartz tube for multiple times by using an MCVD (micro chemical vapor deposition) process; secondly, preparing a rare earth doped region 1-1 on the non-rare earth doped layer by continuous multilayer deposition by adopting a solution doping method; and finally, performing high-temperature rod shrinkage to prepare a core rod of the partially rare-earth-doped optical fiber preform rod, wherein the diameter of the central core area of the core rod of the preform rod is 2.4mm, the diameter of the rare-earth-doped area is 1.2mm, and the outer diameter of the core rod of the preform rod is 13.5 mm.
And (3) pickling the preform core rod by adopting a hydrofluoric acid solution and polishing at high temperature to remove impurities and surface cracks of the preform core rod and improve the strength of the optical fiber.
Sleeving a preform rod, and grinding and polishing the preform rod in an octagonal shape, wherein the preform rod is processed into a preform rod with the edge-to-edge diameter of 32 mm.
And (3) placing the prefabricated rod into a wire drawing tower, carrying out fusion and drawing at the high temperature of 2000 ℃, adjusting the octagonal cladding diameter of the optical fiber, carrying out double-layer coating, forming a low-refractive-index inner coating 3 and a high-refractive-index outer coating 4, and preparing the partial rare earth-doped optical fiber. Wherein the side-to-side diameter of the octagonal cladding 2 of the part of the rare earth-doped optical fiber cladding is 400 mu m, the diameter of the fiber core 1 is 30 mu m, and the diameter of the rare earth-doped region 1-1 in the fiber core is 15 mu m.
In summary, the present invention provides a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber and a method for manufacturing the same, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (2)
1. The partial rare earth-doped optical fiber comprises a fiber core (1), an octagonal cladding (2), a low-refractive-index inner coating (3) and a high-refractive-index inner coatingAn overcoat (4), characterized in that: the fiber core (1) is made of SiO2Is a substrate and consists of a rare earth doped region (1-1) and a non-rare earth doped region (1-2), wherein the non-rare earth doped region (1-2) is coated on the periphery of the rare earth doped region (1-1); the periphery of the fiber core (1) is sequentially provided with an octagonal cladding (2), a low-refractive-index inner coating (3) and a high-refractive-index outer coating (4);
the ratio of the diameter of the rare earth doped region (1-1) to the diameter of the fiber core (1) is 0.5-0.6;
the rare earth elements doped in the rare earth doped region (1-1) comprise one or two of Yb, Er, Tm and Ho, and the co-doped elements comprise Al, P and Ce;
the non-rare earth-doped region (1-2) is doped with one or two of Ge and Al;
the refractive index of the rare earth doped region (1-1) and the refractive index of the non-rare earth doped region (1-2) in the fiber core are equal;
the refractive index distribution of the fiber core (1) and the octagonal cladding (2) is step type, and the refractive index difference delta n between the fiber core (1) and the octagonal cladding (2) is 0.0010-0.0015.
2. A method of making a partially rare earth doped optical fiber according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
preparing a partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform core rod by adopting an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a solution doping method or an improved chemical vapor deposition process combined with a chelate gas phase doping method, sequentially depositing a non-rare earth-doped region (1-2) and a rare earth-doped region (1-1) in a fiber core through a plurality of layers of deposited core layers, wherein the total number of deposited layers is more than 30, and after the deposition is finished, performing rod shrinkage at high temperature to prepare the partially rare earth-doped optical fiber preform core rod;
acid washing and high-temperature polishing are adopted to remove impurities and fine cracks in the prefabricated rod core rod, so that the strength of the optical fiber is improved;
sleeving the prefabricated rod core rod according to the proportion of the prepared fiber core and the octagonal cladding;
grinding and polishing the sheathed preform, and processing the preform cladding into an octagonal shape;
and putting the polished preform into a heating furnace of a wire drawing tower, melting and shrinking the preform into a wire, performing double-layer coating to form a low-refractive-index inner coating (3) and a high-refractive-index outer coating (4), and preparing the double-cladding partially rare earth-doped optical fiber.
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| CN111470769A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-31 | 黄宏琪 | Preparation method of rare earth doped few-mode optical fiber |
| CN111517637A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-11 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Rare earth doped multi-core optical fiber, optical fiber preform, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111517637B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-04-27 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Rare earth doped multi-core optical fiber, optical fiber preform, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN114400492A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 上海传输线研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十三研究所） | Active optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN114702239A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Fluorine-doped cladding-based irradiation-resistant erbium-doped optical fiber preform and preparation method thereof |
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