CN113848607B - Flat ring core optical fiber of orbital angular momentum mode gain based on layering doping - Google Patents
Flat ring core optical fiber of orbital angular momentum mode gain based on layering doping Download PDFInfo
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- CN113848607B CN113848607B CN202111199976.2A CN202111199976A CN113848607B CN 113848607 B CN113848607 B CN 113848607B CN 202111199976 A CN202111199976 A CN 202111199976A CN 113848607 B CN113848607 B CN 113848607B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flat annular core optical fiber based on layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain, which comprises an inner core layer, an annular core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the inner core layer, the annular core layer and the cladding layer are sequentially wrapped from inside to outside; the ring core layer is doped with erbium ions, the ring core layer is divided into at least two layers, and the doping concentration of each layer of erbium ions is different. The ring core layer is provided with at least two layers of erbium ion doped regions with different concentrations, and the step ring core erbium doped fiber can perform balanced gain on OAM modes with more orders under the C-band of fiber communication in the process of amplifying simultaneously by adjusting the doping concentrations of the ring core layer and the erbium ions. Meanwhile, the ring core layer has erbium ion layers with different concentrations, so that mode field distribution is concentrated, amplified modes can be improved, erbium ions can be excited by high-efficiency utilization, and mode gains of all orders tend to be consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber amplifiers, in particular to an orbital angular momentum mode gain flat ring core optical fiber based on layered doping.
Background
The existing single-mode optical fiber communication technology is developed for decades, and the capacity of the single-mode optical fiber communication technology is about 100Tbit/s due to the limitation of the nonlinear effect. How to further increase the communication capacity to meet the current rapidly-increasing information interconnection demand has become a core problem of research on optical fiber communication technology. The time division, wavelength division, polarization division multiplexing technology and the multilevel orthogonal modulation technology enable the capacity of a single-mode optical fiber in a large-capacity transmission system to be close to the Shannon theoretical limit quickly. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) can provide a new multiplexing dimension for future fiber capacity growth.
Among the space division multiplexing technologies, mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) is one of the widely studied directions; in recent decades, the capacity of fiber optic communication systems has been increased mostly by using a low mode fiber (FewModeFiber, FMF) for Linear Polarization (LP) mode. The Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) mode is a new mode supported by FMF, which originates from the helical phase distribution of light waves, so that the beam with orbital angular momentum is also called vortex beam. OAM is a quasi-intrinsic property of photons, and has infinite eigenstates and theoretically can construct an infinite multidimensional Hilbert vector space. The core of OAM communication research is to use the photon orbital angular momentum which is an unused physical multiplexing dimension, namely an electromagnetic wave parameter dimension, for communication, and to fully utilize photon orbital angular momentum multiplexing to greatly improve the spectrum efficiency and capacity of a communication system.
A high performance in-line fiber amplifier provides a good solution to this problem for longer signal transmission distances and reduced transmission costs. In the spatial multiplexing system, when each mode is loaded with information independently for transmission, the signal corresponding to each mode needs to obtain the same gain, so that signal distortion and receiving misjudgment caused by large gain difference of different signals can be avoided. Therefore, the design of the optical amplifier needs to control a Mode gain Difference (DMG) in addition to the optimized gain (MDG). Most of the optical fibers supporting the OAM mode have a ring core structure, for example, the chinese patent publication No. CN112363271A, published as 2021, 2, month and 12, discloses a trench-assisted dual-step ring core optical fiber, but because the ring core area is relatively small, it is difficult to control the gain difference of different modes. And for the pumping mode, because the area of the ring core is small, when the ring core erbium-doped gain fiber is subjected to cladding pumping with high economic benefit, the absorption efficiency of the fiber core is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the gain difference values of different order modes are difficult to control in the prior art, the invention provides the flat ring core optical fiber based on the layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain, so that the gains of the order modes tend to be consistent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a flat annular core optical fiber based on layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain comprises an inner core layer, an annular core layer and a cladding layer which are sequentially wrapped from inside to outside; the ring core layer is doped with erbium ions, the ring core layer is divided into at least two layers, and the doping concentration of each layer of erbium ions is different.
In the above technical solution, the ring core layer coincides with the region doped with erbium ions, and in this doped region, a stepped layered structure is present. The ring core layer is subdivided into at least more than two ring layers, the erbium ion doping concentration between each ring layer is different, the erbium ion doping concentration of different layers is used for simultaneously amplifying different orbital angular momentum-modes and carrying out balanced control on mode gains of different orders, and the ring core layer can further enable mode field distribution to be concentrated.
Preferably, the inner core layer is doped with erbium ions and has a lower refractive index than the cladding layer. And the cladding pumping efficiency of the ring-core optical fiber as a gain optical fiber is improved.
Preferably, the refractive index of the annular core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer.
Preferably, the difference between the refractive indices of the inner core layer and the cladding layer is 0.94 ± 0.05%; the difference between the refractive indexes of the annular core layer and the cladding layer is-0.4 +/-0.05%; the ratio of the radius of the inner core layer to the outer ring radius of the ring core layer is 1 (1.54 +/-0.02), and the radius of the inner core layer is 3.5-7.5 microns. The inner core layer is a doped region with negative refractive index, so that the mode supported by the optical fiber is distributed in the core region more intensively and more effectively by using excited erbium ions, and on the other hand, the gain difference values of different-order modes are conveniently controlled and the cladding pumping efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the cladding is made of quartz.
Preferably, the cladding layer is a regular polygon, and may be a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, or the like, and more preferably, the cladding layer is a regular octagon. If the cladding is circular and is also concentric with the optical fiber inner core, light transmitted by the cladding can be spirally transmitted, and only a few light rays have intersection with the fiber core. The cladding is modified into a regular polygon, the original reflection direction of light of an excircle and a concentric circle is broken, the intersection of the cladding light and a fiber core is increased during transmission, the overlapping area of the pump optical fiber and the fiber core is increased, and the pump absorption efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the outer surface of the cladding is coated with a cured adhesive layer, and the difference between the refractive indexes of the cladding and the cured adhesive layer is-3.74 +/-0.2%; the radius of the cladding is 35-62.5 μm, and the radius of the cured glue layer is 65-80 μm. The pumping mode of the ring-core erbium-doped fiber is more flexible, and the fiber can be excited by adopting an efficient fiber core pumping mode and a cladding pumping mode with high economic benefit.
Preferably, the ring core layer is divided into two layers, namely a first doped ring layer and a second doped ring layer from inside to outside; the erbium ion doping concentration ratio of the first doping ring layer to the second doping ring layer is (0.683 +/-0.02): 1; the ratio of the inner ring radius of the first doped ring layer, the outer ring radius of the first doped ring layer and the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer is (0.2642 +/-0.02): (0.33 +/-0.02): 0.407 +/-0.02), and the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer is 9-11 μm. The ring core layer can also be divided into three layers, namely a first doped ring layer, a second doped ring layer and a third doped layer ring from inside to outside in sequence; the first, second and third doped ring layers have an erbium ion doping concentration ratio of (0.315 ± 0.02): (0.1518 ± 0.02): (0.5357 ± 0.02); the ratio of the inner ring radius of the first doped ring layer, the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer and the outer ring radius of the third doped ring layer is (0.194 +/-0.02): (0.239 ± 0.02): (0.269 ± 0.02): (0.299 +/-0.02), and the outer ring radius of the third doped ring layer is 9-11 mu m. The gain and the balanced gain of each mode are realized by controlling the boundaries and the corresponding concentrations of different doped ring layers of the ring core layer and balancing the overlapping degree of the different-order mode distribution and the erbium ion particle number inversion regions, so that the gain difference between the modes is better controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the ring core layer is provided with at least two layers of erbium ion doped regions with different concentrations, and the step ring core erbium doped fiber can perform balanced gain on OAM modes with more orders under the C-band of fiber communication in the process of amplifying simultaneously by adjusting the doping concentrations of the ring core layer and the erbium ions. Meanwhile, the ring core layer has erbium ion layers with different concentrations, so that mode field distribution is concentrated, amplified modes can be improved, erbium ions can be excited by high-efficiency utilization, and mode gains of all orders tend to be consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of a gain-flattened ring-core optical fiber based on a layered-doped orbital angular momentum mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a ring core layer of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the effect of normalized energy fraction at the cladding core of the regular octagon of the present embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a ring core layer of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the performance spectrum of a ring core optical fiber of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the difference in effective refractive index between the C-band lower modules in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:
example 1
Fig. 1-2 show an embodiment of a planar annular core fiber based on a layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain, which includes an inner core layer 1, an annular core layer 2 and a cladding layer 3, which are sequentially wrapped from inside to outside; the ring core layer 2 is doped with erbium ions, the ring core layer 2 is divided into at least two layers, and the doping concentration of each layer of erbium ions is different.
In this embodiment, the ring core layer 2 is divided into two layers, which are a first doped ring layer 201 and a second doped ring layer 202 in sequence from inside to outside; the erbium ion doping concentration ratio of the first doping ring layer 201 to the second doping ring layer 202 is (0.683 +/-0.02): 1; the ratio of the inner ring radius r5 of the first doped ring layer 201, the outer ring radius r6 of the first doped ring layer 201 and the outer ring radius r7 of the second doped ring layer 202 is (0.2642 + -0.02): (0.33 + -0.02): 0.407 + -0.02), and the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer 202 is 9 μm-11 μm. By controlling the boundaries and corresponding concentrations of different doped ring layers of the ring core layer 2, the gain and the balanced gain of each order of modes can be realized, so that the gain difference between the modes can be better controlled.
Wherein, the inner core layer 1 is doped with erbium ions and has a lower refractive index than the cladding layer 3. The pumping efficiency of the cladding 3 when the ring core fiber is used as a gain fiber is improved. The refractive index of the annular core layer 2 is higher than that of the cladding layer 3.
Specifically, the difference between the refractive indices of the inner core layer 1 and the clad layer 3 is 0.94 ± 0.05%; the difference between the refractive indexes of the annular core layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 is-0.4 +/-0.05%; the ratio of the radius r1 of the inner core layer 1 to the outer ring radius r2 of the ring core layer 2 is 1 (1.54 +/-0.02), and the radius r1 of the inner core layer 1 is 3.5-7.5 μm. The inner core layer 1 is a doped region with a negative refractive index, so that the mode supported by the optical fiber is distributed in the core region more intensively and more effectively by using excited erbium ions, and on the other hand, the gain difference values of different-order modes are conveniently controlled and the pumping efficiency of the cladding layer 3 is improved.
In the present embodiment, the cladding 3 is made of quartz. The cladding 3 is a regular octagon. If the cladding 3 is circular and is also concentric with the optical fiber inner core, light transmitted by the cladding 3 can be spirally transmitted, and only a few light rays have intersection with the fiber core. Revise cladding 3 into regular polygon, break the original direction of reflection of the light of excircle and concentric circles, can increase with the fibre core intersection during cladding 3 light transmission for pump fiber and fibre core overlap area increase, promote the pumping absorption efficiency, the effect is to showing for example in figure 3.
In addition, the outer surface of the cladding 3 is coated with the curing adhesive layer 4, and the difference of the refractive indexes of the cladding 3 and the curing adhesive layer 4 is-3.74 +/-0.2%; the radius r3 of the cladding 3 is 35-62.5 μm, and the radius of the cured glue layer 4r4 is 65-80 μm. The pumping mode of the ring-core erbium-doped fiber is more flexible, and the fiber can be excited by adopting an efficient fiber core pumping mode and a cladding 3 pumping mode with high economic benefit.
The working principle or working process of the embodiment is as follows: the ring core layer 2 coincides with a region doped with erbium ions, and in this doped region, a stepped layered structure is present. The ring core layer 2 is subdivided into at least two ring layers, the erbium ion doping concentrations of the ring layers are different, and the different orbital angular momentum-modes are simultaneously amplified and the mode gains of the different orders are subjected to balanced control through the erbium ion doping concentrations of the different layers, so that the mode field distribution can be further centralized by the ring core layer 2.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment: the ring core layer 2 is provided with at least two layers of erbium ion doped regions with different concentrations, and the step ring core erbium doped fiber can perform balanced gain on OAM modes with more orders under the C wave band of fiber communication in the process of amplifying simultaneously by adjusting the ring core layer 2 and the erbium ion doping concentration. Meanwhile, the ring core layer 2 with the ring shape has erbium ion layers with different concentrations, so that mode field distribution is concentrated, amplified modes can be improved, erbium ions can be excited by high-efficiency utilization, and mode gains of all orders tend to be consistent.
Example 2
An embodiment 2 of a gain-flattened ring-core optical fiber based on a layered doping orbital angular momentum mode is shown in fig. 4, and is different from the embodiment 1 in that a ring core layer 2 can also be divided into three layers, namely a first doping ring layer 201, a second doping ring layer 202 and a third doping ring layer from inside to outside; the erbium ion doping concentration ratio of the first doped ring layer 201, the second doped ring layer 202, and the third doped ring layer 203 is (0.315 ± 0.02): (0.1518 ± 0.02): (0.5357 ± 0.02); the ratio between the inner ring radius r5 of the first doped ring layer 201, the outer ring radius r6 of the first doped ring layer 201, the outer ring radius r7 of the second doped ring layer 202, and the outer ring radius r8 of the third doped ring layer 203 is (0.194 ± 0.02): (0.239 ± 0.02): (0.269 ± 0.02): (0.299 +/-0.02), and the outer ring radius of the third doped ring layer 203 is 9-11 μm.
In particular toR1= r5=6.5 μm, r2= r8=10 μm, r3=35 μm, r4=65 μm, r6=8 μm, r7=9 μm in the present embodiment; when the refractive index difference between the inner core layer 1 and the cladding layer 3 is 0.94%, the refractive index difference between the annular core layer 2 and the cladding layer 3 is-0.35%, and the refractive index difference between the cladding layer 3 and the cured glue layer 4 is = -3.74%, as shown in fig. 5, the minimum Δ n between the three-layer doped stepped annular core erbium-doped fiber OAM modules is as follows eff >1e-4, which indicates that the OAM mode can stably transmit amplification in the inventive fiber this time. Meanwhile, the doping concentration ratio of each layer of erbium ions is as follows: n is t1 :n t2 :n t3 0.1518, 0.5357, OAM mode can be pumped with 980nm pump using forward pumping mode core pumping/cladding 3 pumping, where | L | =1,2,3,4. A good mode gain equalization effect is obtained. The spectral gain difference in the C-band, as shown in FIG. 6<0.2dB, and the gain is more than 20dB.
The remaining technical features and the working principle of the present embodiment are consistent with embodiment 1.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A flat annular core optical fiber based on layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain is characterized by comprising an inner core layer (1), an annular core layer (2) and a cladding layer (3) which are sequentially wrapped from inside to outside; the ring core layer (2) is doped with erbium ions, the ring core layer (2) is divided into at least two layers, and the doping concentration of each layer of erbium ions is different; the inner core layer (1) is doped with erbium ions and has a refractive index lower than that of the cladding layer (3); the refractive index of the annular core layer (2) is higher than that of the cladding layer (3); the ring core layer (2) is divided into two layers, namely a first doping ring layer (201) and a second doping ring layer (202) from inside to outside; the erbium ion doping concentration ratio of the first doped ring layer (201) to the second doped ring layer (202) is (0.683 +/-0.02): 1; the ratio of the inner ring radius of the first doped ring layer (201), the outer ring radius of the first doped ring layer (201) and the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer (202) is (0.2642 +/-0.02): (0.33 +/-0.02): 0.407 +/-0.02), and the outer ring radius of the second doped ring layer (202) is 9-11 μm.
2. The gain-flattened ring-core optical fiber based on the layered doping of orbital angular momentum mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner core layer (1) is doped with erbium ions and has a lower refractive index than the cladding layer (3).
3. The planar ring-core optical fiber based on layered doping of orbital angular momentum mode gain according to claim 2, characterized in that the refractive index of the ring-core layer (2) is higher than that of the cladding layer (3).
4. The planar ring core optical fiber based on the layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain according to claim 3, wherein the difference between the refractive indexes of the inner core layer (1) and the cladding layer (3) is 0.94 ± 0.05%; the difference between the refractive indexes of the annular core layer (2) and the cladding layer (3) is-0.4 +/-0.05%; the ratio of the radius of the inner core layer (1) to the outer ring radius of the ring core layer (2) is 1 (1.54 +/-0.02), and the radius of the inner core layer (1) is 3.5-7.5 microns.
5. The planar ring-core optical fiber for gain in orbital angular momentum mode based on layered doping according to claim 3, wherein the cladding (3) is made of quartz.
6. The graded-doping-based orbital angular momentum mode gain flat ring-core fiber according to claim 5, wherein the cladding (3) is a regular polygon.
7. The planar ring-core optical fiber based on the layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain according to claim 6, wherein the cladding (3) is a regular octagon.
8. The planar ring-core optical fiber based on layered doping orbital angular momentum mode gain according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the cladding (3) is coated with a cured glue layer (4), and the difference between the refractive indexes of the cladding (3) and the cured glue layer (4) is-3.74 ± 0.2%; the radius of the cladding (3) is 35-62.5 μm, and the radius of the cured adhesive layer (4) is 65-80 μm.
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CN114637069B (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-10-31 | 暨南大学 | Ring core ytterbium-doped optical fiber supporting multi-order orbital angular momentum mode amplification |
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