CN111513271A - Application of nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method to fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Application of nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method to fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN111513271A CN111513271A CN202010352500.7A CN202010352500A CN111513271A CN 111513271 A CN111513271 A CN 111513271A CN 202010352500 A CN202010352500 A CN 202010352500A CN 111513271 A CN111513271 A CN 111513271A
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- RBWFXUOHBJGAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenebismuth Chemical class [Bi]=S RBWFXUOHBJGAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 3
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/09—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, purée, sauce, or products made therefrom, e.g. snacks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/06—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/16—Solid spheres
- C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention relates to the application field of nano dispersion, in particular to an application of a nano dispersion rapid fermentation method on fruits and vegetables, wherein the method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of the fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid; (2) homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid; (3) fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid; (4) after-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid; (5) and (3) sterilization: and filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain the product.
Description
Field of the method
The invention relates to the application field of nano dispersion, in particular to application of a nano dispersion rapid fermentation method to fruits and vegetables.
Background method
The fruit and vegetable production industry in China is a huge industry, and occupies a large market in the food processing industry, however, how to treat the extracted fruit and vegetable waste residues is still one of the troublesome problems in the industry. The traditional treatment methods mainly comprise the following two methods, but the good effect cannot be achieved by the two methods, and the main reasons are as follows: 1) in-situ landfill: fruit and vegetable waste residues belong to perishable solid wastes, the landfill not only occupies valuable land resources, but also generates a large amount of nitrogenous wastewater after the waste residues are decayed and flows into a river channel to cause surface water source eutrophication, and the waste gas generated in the decay process and the bred germs and insects not only influence the environmental sanitation but also cause environmental pollution. 2) Incineration treatment: the fruit and vegetable waste residues contain a large amount of water and cannot be directly combusted, the waste residues are required to be dried firstly, the waste residues are generally huge and high in water content, and a large amount of energy is consumed in the drying process. Therefore, for enterprises taking fruit and vegetable extracts as main products, a brand new way is sought for treating the extracted fruit and vegetable residues, which is not only a major problem faced by the enterprises, but also relates to the overall healthy development of the fruit and vegetable extraction industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method, which is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(2) homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(3) fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(4) after-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(5) and (3) sterilization: and filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain the product.
Preferably, the fruit and vegetable dregs are fruit and vegetable byproducts after fermentation or extraction.
Preferably, in the step (1), the high-speed shearing time of the micro jet is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, in the step (1), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
Preferably, in the step (2), the pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer is set to be 100-400 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (3), the enzyme to be added includes at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (4), the squeezing time is 5-10 hours, and the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (5), the filtration and the sterilization are performed simultaneously, and a sterilization layer is disposed on the filtration device.
Preferably, in the step (5), the temperature for low-temperature sterilization is set to be 30-40 ℃.
Preferably, the sterilization layer is prepared from a modified silica gel composite material; the modified silica gel composite material is formed by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres and silica gel.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified bismuth sulfide microsphere comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing bismuth sulfide microspheres:
weighing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, adding the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, stirring until the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is completely dissolved, adding bismuth nitrate, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring until the mixture is uniform, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5-10.0, adding thioacetamide, stirring for reaction for 3-5 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with deionized water to be neutral, washing the solid with acetone for three times, and drying the solid at 50-60 ℃ to obtain bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to the sodium carbonate solution is 1: 20-50; the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 3-5; the mass ratio of thioacetamide to ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 10-15;
s2, modifying bismuth sulfide microspheres:
adding octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring until the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is completely dissolved, adding the bismuth sulfide microspheres, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, reacting at 80-120 ℃ for 6-12 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water for three times, then washing with acetone for three times, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 20-100; the mass ratio of the bismuth sulfide microspheres to the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 0.2-3.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified silica gel composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, adding cellulose into an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and stirring until the cellulose is completely dissolved to obtain a cellulose solution; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the cellulose to the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution is 1: 60-100;
s2, adding the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres into the cellulose solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40-60 ℃, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, adding a sodium silicate solution with the mass fraction of 25-35%, continuously stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to 9.0-10.0, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, reacting for 3-6 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with acetone for three times, and naturally drying in a cool place to obtain the modified silica gel composite material;
the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the cellulose solution is 1: 10-15; the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres is 1: 15-20; the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the sodium silicate solution is 1: 2-5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the dispersion and fermentation methods used in the current methods, fermentation is mainly carried out first and then homogenization is carried out, so that the fermentation process is slow; according to the invention, the homogenization step is moved to the step before fermentation, so that the fruits and vegetables can be more fully contacted with enzyme after being homogenized into nano particles under ultrahigh pressure, the enzymolysis efficiency is greatly improved, and the fermentation time of enzymolysis is shortened. In addition, most of the existing methods use a high-temperature sterilization method, although bacteria can be killed at high temperature, the loss of non-high-temperature-resistant nutritional ingredients in fruits and vegetables is caused, and the taste of final products is influenced; the invention uses the ultrahigh pressure combined with the low-temperature sterilization layer for double sterilization, and the finally obtained product can obtain the same effect as high-temperature sterilization without losing nutrient components and taste.
2. According to the invention, most of bacteria are inactivated after the homogenization at the ultrahigh pressure of 100-400 MPa, and a sterilization layer is arranged on a subsequent filtering device for adsorbing and eliminating residual bacteria in liquid, so that the finally obtained product can reach the use standard specified by the state without high temperature. The sterilization layer is made of a modified silica gel composite material, and the composite material has strong sterilization performance and can adsorb and eliminate residual bacteria in liquid; and the raw materials of the sterilization layer are bismuth sulfide, silica gel and cellulose which are substances harmless to the environment of human bodies, so that the finally prepared sterilization layer belongs to a green environment-friendly material.
3. The modified silica gel composite material is obtained by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres with cellulose and silica gel. The bismuth sulfide has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and has certain bactericidal property, but the bactericidal property can be triggered only under photocatalysis, which greatly limits the application of the bismuth sulfide. According to the invention, experiments show that the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is used for modifying the bismuth sulfide to obtain a good effect, the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether can excite a large number of defects and dangling bonds existing on the bismuth sulfide, and the defects and dangling bonds can capture electrons or holes and can diffuse to the surface of the bismuth sulfide, so that the sterilization performance of the bismuth sulfide is excited. Meanwhile, the bismuth sulfide is prepared into the microspheres in order to increase the specific surface area of the microspheres, so that the surface of the bismuth sulfide can be fully utilized, and the contact area of the bismuth sulfide and liquid can also be increased.
4. The modified silica gel composite material used in the invention is obtained by compounding modified bismuth sulfide, cellulose and silica gel, wherein the addition of the cellulose enables the bismuth sulfide and the silica gel to be combined more tightly, and the cellulose has certain adsorbability and sterilization performance, can adsorb more modified bismuth sulfide, and can adsorb bacteria in liquid onto the modified silica gel composite material, thereby facilitating sterilization.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the fruit and vegetable residues are fruit and vegetable byproducts after fermentation or extraction; the high-speed shearing time of the micro jet is 0.5-1 h; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
(2) Homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the pressure intensity of the ultrahigh pressure nano homogenizer is set to be 100-400 MPa.
(3) Fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the added enzyme comprises at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme, and the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
(4) After-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the squeezing time is 5-10 h, the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the temperature of a refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
(5) And (3) sterilization: filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain a product;
wherein, filtration and sterilization are carried out simultaneously, are provided with the sterilization layer on the filter equipment, and the temperature of low temperature sterilization sets up to 30 ~ 40 ℃.
The sterilization layer is prepared from a modified silica gel composite material; the modified silica gel composite material is formed by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres and silica gel.
The preparation method of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing bismuth sulfide microspheres:
weighing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, adding the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, stirring until the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is completely dissolved, adding bismuth nitrate, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring until the mixture is uniform, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5-10.0, adding thioacetamide, stirring for reaction for 3-5 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with deionized water to be neutral, washing the solid with acetone for three times, and drying the solid at 50-60 ℃ to obtain bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to the sodium carbonate solution is 1: 30; the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 4; the mass ratio of thioacetamide to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 12;
s2, modifying bismuth sulfide microspheres:
adding octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring until the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is completely dissolved, adding the bismuth sulfide microspheres, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, reacting at 80-120 ℃ for 6-12 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water for three times, then washing with acetone for three times, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 40; the mass ratio of the bismuth sulfide microspheres to the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 1.
The preparation method of the modified silica gel composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, adding cellulose into an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and stirring until the cellulose is completely dissolved to obtain a cellulose solution; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the cellulose to the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution is 1: 80;
s2, adding the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres into the cellulose solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40-60 ℃, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, adding a sodium silicate solution with the mass fraction of 25-35%, continuously stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to 9.0-10.0, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, reacting for 3-6 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with acetone for three times, and naturally drying in a cool place to obtain the modified silica gel composite material;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the cellulose solution is 1: 12; the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres is 1: 18; the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the sodium silicate solution is 1: 4.
Example 2
A nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the fruit and vegetable residues are fruit and vegetable byproducts after fermentation or extraction; the high-speed shearing time of the micro jet is 0.5-1 h; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
(2) Homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the pressure intensity of the ultrahigh pressure nano homogenizer is set to be 100-400 MPa.
(3) Fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the added enzyme comprises at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme, and the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
(4) After-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the squeezing time is 5-10 h, the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the temperature of a refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
(5) And (3) sterilization: filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain a product;
wherein, filtration and sterilization are carried out simultaneously, are provided with the sterilization layer on the filter equipment, and the temperature of low temperature sterilization sets up to 30 ~ 40 ℃.
The sterilization layer is prepared from a modified silica gel composite material; the modified silica gel composite material is formed by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres and silica gel.
The preparation method of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing bismuth sulfide microspheres:
weighing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, adding the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, stirring until the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is completely dissolved, adding bismuth nitrate, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring until the mixture is uniform, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5-10.0, adding thioacetamide, stirring for reaction for 3-5 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with deionized water to be neutral, washing the solid with acetone for three times, and drying the solid at 50-60 ℃ to obtain bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to the sodium carbonate solution is 1: 20; the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 3; the mass ratio of thioacetamide to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 10;
s2, modifying bismuth sulfide microspheres:
adding octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring until the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is completely dissolved, adding the bismuth sulfide microspheres, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, reacting at 80-120 ℃ for 6-12 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water for three times, then washing with acetone for three times, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 20; the mass ratio of the bismuth sulfide microspheres to the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 0.2.
The preparation method of the modified silica gel composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, adding cellulose into an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and stirring until the cellulose is completely dissolved to obtain a cellulose solution; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the cellulose to the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution is 1: 60;
s2, adding the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres into the cellulose solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40-60 ℃, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, adding a sodium silicate solution with the mass fraction of 25-35%, continuously stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to 9.0-10.0, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, reacting for 3-6 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with acetone for three times, and naturally drying in a cool place to obtain the modified silica gel composite material;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the cellulose solution is 1: 10; the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres is 1: 15; the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the sodium silicate solution is 1: 2.
Example 3
A nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the fruit and vegetable residues are fruit and vegetable byproducts after fermentation or extraction; the high-speed shearing time of the micro jet is 0.5-1 h; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
(2) Homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the pressure intensity of the ultrahigh pressure nano homogenizer is set to be 100-400 MPa.
(3) Fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the added enzyme comprises at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme, and the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
(4) After-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the squeezing time is 5-10 h, the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the temperature of a refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
(5) And (3) sterilization: filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain a product;
wherein, filtration and sterilization are carried out simultaneously, are provided with the sterilization layer on the filter equipment, and the temperature of low temperature sterilization sets up to 30 ~ 40 ℃.
The sterilization layer is prepared from a modified silica gel composite material; the modified silica gel composite material is formed by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres and silica gel.
The preparation method of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing bismuth sulfide microspheres:
weighing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, adding the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, stirring until the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is completely dissolved, adding bismuth nitrate, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring until the mixture is uniform, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5-10.0, adding thioacetamide, stirring for reaction for 3-5 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with deionized water to be neutral, washing the solid with acetone for three times, and drying the solid at 50-60 ℃ to obtain bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid to the sodium carbonate solution is 1: 50; the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 5; the mass ratio of thioacetamide to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 15;
s2, modifying bismuth sulfide microspheres:
adding octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring until the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is completely dissolved, adding the bismuth sulfide microspheres, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, reacting at 80-120 ℃ for 6-12 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water for three times, then washing with acetone for three times, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 100; the mass ratio of the bismuth sulfide microspheres to the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 3.
The preparation method of the modified silica gel composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, adding cellulose into an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and stirring until the cellulose is completely dissolved to obtain a cellulose solution; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the cellulose to the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution is 1: 100;
s2, adding the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres into the cellulose solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40-60 ℃, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, adding a sodium silicate solution with the mass fraction of 25-35%, continuously stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to 9.0-10.0, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, reacting for 3-6 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with acetone for three times, and naturally drying in a cool place to obtain the modified silica gel composite material;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the cellulose solution is 1: 15; the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres is 1: 20; the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the sodium silicate solution is 1: 5.
Comparative example
A nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the fruit and vegetable residues are fruit and vegetable byproducts after fermentation or extraction; the high-speed shearing time of the micro jet is 0.5-1 h; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
(2) Homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the pressure intensity of the ultrahigh pressure nano homogenizer is set to be 100-400 MPa.
(3) Fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the added enzyme comprises at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme, and the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
(4) After-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
wherein the squeezing time is 5-10 h, the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the temperature of a refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
(5) And (3) sterilization: filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain a product;
wherein, filtration and sterilization are carried out simultaneously, are provided with the sterilization layer on the filter equipment, and the temperature of low temperature sterilization sets up to 30 ~ 40 ℃.
The sterilization layer is prepared from a silica gel material.
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the sterilization effect of the sterilization layers prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the comparative example was measured, and the results are shown in table 1:
in the inoculation steps of embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative example of the present invention, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli were inoculated so that the concentrations thereof reached: staphylococcus aureus 10CFU/100mL and Escherichia coli 10CFU/100mL, and then the process steps are continued, and the finished products prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples are detected after the completion, with the results shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Sterilization Effect of the sterilizing layer
As can be seen from Table 1, the sterilization layers of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention have good sterilization effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the method solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made to the method solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the method solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method is characterized in that the method is applied to the reutilization of waste residues of fruits and vegetables, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: drying fruit and vegetable residues, removing impurities, mixing with deionized water, and shearing and dispersing at high speed by microjet to obtain pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(2) homogenizing: pouring the pretreated fruit and vegetable residue liquid into an ultrahigh-pressure nano homogenizer for homogenization treatment to obtain ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(3) fermentation: after the temperature and the pH of the ultrahigh-pressure homogenized fruit and vegetable residue liquid are adjusted, adding enzyme for continuous fermentation to obtain fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(4) after-ripening: placing the fermented fruit and vegetable residue liquid in a mold for squeezing, and then placing in a refrigerator for after-ripening treatment to obtain after-ripened fruit and vegetable residue liquid;
(5) and (3) sterilization: and filtering and sterilizing the post-cooked fruit and vegetable residue liquid at low temperature to obtain the product.
2. The nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable dregs are fruit and vegetable by-products after fermentation or extraction.
3. The nanodispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the high-speed shearing time of the microjet is 0.5-1 h; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fruit and vegetable dregs to the deionized water is 1: 10-15.
4. The nanodispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the ultra-high pressure nano-homogenizer in step (2) is set to 100-400 MPa.
5. The nanodispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the enzyme comprises at least one of cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase and lysozyme; the fermentation time of enzymolysis is 0.5-2 h.
6. The nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the squeezing time is 5-10 hours, and the squeezing temperature is 4-10 ℃; the temperature of the refrigerator is set to be 4-10 ℃.
7. The nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the filtration and the sterilization are performed simultaneously, and a sterilization layer is disposed on the filtration device; the temperature of low-temperature sterilization is set to be 30-40 ℃.
8. The nanodispersion rapid fermentation method of claim 1, wherein the sterilizing layer is prepared from modified silica gel composite; the modified silica gel composite material is formed by compounding modified bismuth sulfide microspheres and silica gel.
9. The nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing bismuth sulfide microspheres:
weighing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, adding the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid into 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, stirring until the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is completely dissolved, adding bismuth nitrate, heating to 60-80 ℃, stirring until the mixture is uniform, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5-10.0, adding thioacetamide, stirring for reaction for 3-5 h, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with deionized water to be neutral, washing the solid with acetone for three times, and drying the solid at 50-60 ℃ to obtain bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to the sodium carbonate solution is 1: 20-50; the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate to the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 3-5; the mass ratio of thioacetamide to ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid is 1: 10-15;
s2, modifying bismuth sulfide microspheres:
adding octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring until the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is completely dissolved, adding the bismuth sulfide microspheres, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, reacting at 80-120 ℃ for 6-12 h, cooling to room temperature, filtering to obtain a solid, washing with deionized water for three times, then washing with acetone for three times, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bismuth sulfide microspheres;
wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 20-100; the mass ratio of the bismuth sulfide microspheres to the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether is 1: 0.2-3.
10. The nano-dispersion rapid fermentation method according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the modified silica gel composite material comprises:
s1, adding cellulose into an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the mass concentration of 1%, and stirring until the cellulose is completely dissolved to obtain a cellulose solution; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the cellulose to the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution is 1: 60-100;
s2, adding the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres into the cellulose solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40-60 ℃, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, adding a sodium silicate solution with the mass fraction of 25-35%, continuously stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH to 9.0-10.0, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 80-100 ℃, reacting for 3-6 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, washing with acetone for three times, and naturally drying in a cool place to obtain the modified silica gel composite material;
the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the cellulose solution is 1: 10-15; the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres is 1: 15-20; the solid-liquid ratio of the modified bismuth sulfide microspheres to the sodium silicate solution is 1: 2-5.
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