CN111513177A - Preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, which comprises the following steps of: 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem leaves, 10-25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 5-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 10-20 parts of forsythia suspense stem leaves, crushing the mixture, adding ganoderma lucidum strains to carry out liquid deep aerobic fermentation, mixing fermentation liquor and a substrate according to 20-40 parts of beet pulp, 10-30 parts of apple pomace, 3-8 parts of konjac flour, 5-15 parts of pea meal and 10-30 parts of wheat bran in parts by mass, mixing probiotic probiotics with lactobacillus acidophilus 20 hundred million cfu/g, enterococcus faecalis 10 hundred million cfu/g, brewing yeast 50 hundred million cfu/g, bacillus subtilis 100 hundred million cfu/g, acetic acid bacteria 20 cfu/g and bacillus coagulans 10 hundred million cfu/g, and carrying out solid anaerobic fermentation by using the probiotics to prepare the fermented feed containing Chinese herbal medicines. The zinc sulfate added in the fermentation process can convert inorganic zinc into organic zinc through biotransformation, and simultaneously provide polysaccharide, triterpene, organic selenium, fermentation metabolites and the like for animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed.
Technical Field
Zinc is a trace element necessary for synthesizing steroid hormones and gonadal hormones, so that zinc plays a unique important role in reproduction, and the deficiency or excess of zinc can adversely affect the reproductive performance of animals. If the zinc deficiency is caused, the whole breeding process of the sow can be affected. When the sows eat the feed with insufficient zinc for a long time, ovarian dysplasia, atrophy, abortion and even dystocia can be caused, and early embryos are easy to die. Xiaoting and the like report that the zinc content of the daily ration of pregnant sows is properly increased, the serum protein level of newborn piglets and the serum progesterone content of sows can be improved, and the urea content of serum can be reduced. Proper amount of zinc is added into the pregnant sow feed, the interval between weaning and oestrus is shortened, the farrowing capacity of the sow is obviously improved, and the oestrus rate and the conception rate after weaning are improved; the initial oestrus time of replacement gilts is advanced; the constitution is obviously increased in the initial period, and the farrowing performance is obviously improved.
Currently, in the feed industry, the most widely used inorganic zinc is mainly zinc sulfate. Zinc sulfate exists in an ionic form in a body, and easily reacts with other nutrient components in feed to form an insoluble compound, so that the enzyme activity is reduced, endocrine system hormone secretion disorder and tissue structure change of reproductive organs are caused to reduce the absorption and utilization rate of zinc by animals, and zinc sulfate in the feed is mainly an industrial byproduct and can generate unknown toxic adverse reactions on the body as a feed additive. The organic zinc has the characteristics of high absorption and utilization rate, good stability, extremely low toxicity and the like, and numerous researches show that the reproductive performance and the body immunity of the sows can be effectively improved by adding a proper amount of organic zinc into the feed, so that the limb health of the sows is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, there is a need for a method for preparing fermented feed of Chinese herbal medicine.
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicines according to the parts by weight, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, namely picking the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the mycelia for later use after the flat is full of the mycelia; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks into a seed culture medium by using an inoculating shovel, and culturing for 10 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution;
(3) adding the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the weight of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to 10% (V/V) of inoculation amount, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare fermentation liquid;
(4) and (3) mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20% of the mass fraction of the substrate, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5% of the mass fraction of the substrate.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicines comprise the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem leaves, 10-25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 5-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of wild chrysanthemum flowers and 10-20 parts of forsythia suspense stem leaves.
Preferably, the probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans.
Preferably, the matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of beet pulp, 10-30 parts of apple pomace, 3-8 parts of konjac flour, 5-15 parts of pea powder and 10-30 parts of wheat bran.
Preferably, the content of the ganoderma triterpene in the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is more than or equal to 0.25g/L, the content of the ganoderma polysaccharide is more than or equal to 0.08g/L, and the content of the organic zinc is more than or equal to 0.01 g/L.
Preferably, the plating medium is: PDA culture medium: the BD company in the United states weighs 39g of the product, and the product is dissolved in 1000mL of distilled water and sterilized for 15min at 121 ℃ for later use.
Preferably, the seed culture medium is: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
Preferably, the fermentation medium is: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed adopts ganoderma lucidum to ferment seed liquid. The ganoderma lucidum is a traditional rare Chinese medicinal material in China, mainly contains ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, ganoderma lucidum triterpene, organic selenium, organic zinc and other substances, and researches prove that the ganoderma lucidum has a strong immunoregulation effect on animals and has the effects of oxidation resistance, aging resistance, inflammation resistance and the like.
The zinc sulfate added in the fermentation process can convert inorganic zinc into organic zinc through biotransformation, and the zinc source is added into the feed, so that the absorption speed is high, the absorption rate is greatly improved, the addition amount in the feed is low, and the nutritional requirement of animals on zinc can be met. Meanwhile, the fermented feed can also provide nutrition such as polysaccharide, triterpene, organic selenium and fermentation metabolites such as biological enzyme, vitamin and the like for animals, so that the fermented feed can be used as an immunity increasing agent to improve the disease resistance of the animals; can avoid the damage of inorganic zinc to nutrient substances such as vitamins in the feed, prolong the shelf life of the product and also can obviously improve the utilization rate of the feed. The bioavailability of the organic zinc by animals is improved, so the discharge amount of zinc in animal excrement is small, thereby saving resources, protecting the environment and relieving the adverse effect of cultivation production on the environment.
According to the invention, after the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are subjected to primary aerobic deep fermentation of ganoderma lucidum strain liquid, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are subjected to primary bagging anaerobic fermentation of the composite strain, so that enzymes generated in the aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes of the saponin and flavonoid glycoside substances in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are completely decomposed into sapogenin substances, and the sapogenin substances can be directly absorbed and utilized by animals, so that the medicinal properties of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be improved by 5-10 times, the addition amount of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the feed is reduced, and the bad taste of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials to the feed is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) the Chinese herbal medicines comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem leaves, 10-25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 5-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 10-20 parts of forsythia suspense stem leaves are mixed, crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, selecting the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the strains for later use after hyphae grow over a flat plate, wherein the flat plate culture medium is as follows: PDA culture medium: weighing 39g of product of American BD company, dissolving in 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15min for later use; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks by using an inoculating shovel, culturing for 10d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution, wherein the seed culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
(3) Adding the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the weight fraction of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to 10% (V/V) of the inoculation amount, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare a fermentation liquid, wherein the fermentation culture medium is: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of beet pulp, 10-30 parts of apple pomace, 3-8 parts of konjac flour, 5-15 parts of pea flour and 10-30 parts of wheat bran, wherein probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the fermentation liquid prepared in the step (3) is 20 percent of the mass fraction of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 percent of the mass fraction of the matrix.
In poultry diets, zinc is usually supplemented in the form of inorganic salts, however, the action in vivo is the organic matter or chelate of zinc, rather than free inorganic zinc ions, and therefore, it can be inferred that the biological effect of inorganic zinc depends on the ability to convert it into biologically active organic zinc, which is closer to its action in vivo, has higher biological potency than inorganic zinc, and is stably present in the digestive tract, does not form absorption-impeding complexes with other substances, can be more efficiently transported from the intestinal villi to the cell epithelium, and then is converted into a form with biochemical functions.
According to the invention, inorganic zinc is added in the fermentation process of the ganoderma lucidum strain, the ganoderma lucidum strain has the function of enriching zinc and selenium in the fermentation process, and the added zinc sulfate is converted into an organic zinc form in the fermentation process so as to be beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals.
Animal experiment researches show that the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extracted after strain fermentation can increase the concentration of specific antibodies in pig serum by adding the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide with the level of 50mg/kg into feed. The IFN-gamma level in serum is improved, the pig organism immunity is enhanced, so that the effect of enhancing the organism immunity by the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is achieved, the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can improve the IL-l0 concentration, reduce the IL-1 beta level of an inflammatory factor and relieve the immune stress reaction.
The substrate of the invention is mainly a mixture of beet pulp, apple pomace, konjaku flour, pea flour and wheat bran, the substrate contains good dietary fiber, and with the continuous and deep research on the dietary fiber by animal nutrition experts, the dietary fiber is found to have important physiological functions in various aspects of animal nutrition, health mechanism and the like. Dietary fiber is also increasingly recognized by the nutritional community as the "seventh macronutrient" following the six macronutrients of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and water. The appropriate dietary fiber level can not only increase satiety, promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent constipation of the sow during pregnancy, but also effectively control the body condition and fat condition of the sow and improve the reproductive performance of the sow, thereby improving the overall economic benefit of a pig farm.
The invention mainly uses lactic acid bacteria as main materials, lactic acid is anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are utilized to exhaust oxygen in a packaging bag to provide a better growth environment for the lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes are facultative anaerobic bacteria and are used for self-reproduction under the aerobic condition, alcohol is produced under the anaerobic condition, the alcohol produced by the yeast can generate acetic acid under the action of acetic acid bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and bacillus coagulans can generate metabolic product lactic acid, the pH value of materials can be reduced by the acetic acid and the lactic acid, the reproduction of harmful bacteria is inhibited, and the finished product can be stably stored for a long time.
On the other hand, the use amount of acidifier in a farm can be reduced or replaced by the fermented feed, so that the culture cost is reduced; because the Chinese herbal medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials is added, the drug effect can be greatly improved through enzymolysis, and the addition of the animal protection product can be replaced; because a large amount of metabolites such as enzyme preparations, vitamins, microorganism live bacteria and other substances are generated in the fermentation process, the product of the invention can be utilized by a farm to greatly replace the use amount of the additives.
The purpose of tying the bag opening by using the rope is to leave a certain gap, so that gas generated by aerobic fermentation can be discharged from the packaging bag in a stacking mode, and the bag expansion phenomenon cannot occur after the fermentation is finished.
The pH value is greatly reduced, which indicates that a large amount of acidic substances such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like are produced in the fermentation process, and the acidic substances can improve the food calling performance of animals and the shelf life of products.
Example 1
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 20 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to mass parts, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, selecting the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the strains for later use after hyphae grow over a flat plate, wherein the flat plate culture medium is as follows: PDA culture medium: weighing 39g of product of American BD company, dissolving in 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15min for later use; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks by using an inoculating shovel, culturing for 10d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution, wherein the seed culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
(3) Adding the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the weight fraction of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to 10% (V/V) of the inoculation amount, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare a fermentation liquid, wherein the fermentation culture medium is: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 5 parts of konjaku flour, 5 parts of pea flour and 20 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics consist of 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20 mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 mass percent of the matrix.
Example 2
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 22 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 20 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to mass parts, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, selecting the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the strains for later use after hyphae grow over a flat plate, wherein the flat plate culture medium is as follows: PDA culture medium: weighing 39g of product of American BD company, dissolving in 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15min for later use; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks by using an inoculating shovel, culturing for 10d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution, wherein the seed culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
(3) Adding the Chinese herbal medicines prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the mass of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10% (V/V), and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare a fermentation liquid, wherein the fermentation culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 3 parts of konjaku flour, 12 parts of pea flour and 15 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20 percent of the mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 percent of the mass percent of the matrix.
Example 3
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 20 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 17 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to parts by mass, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, selecting the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the strains for later use after hyphae grow over a flat plate, wherein the flat plate culture medium is as follows: PDA culture medium: weighing 39g of product of American BD company, dissolving in 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15min for later use; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks by using an inoculating shovel, culturing for 10d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution, wherein the seed culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
(3) Adding the Chinese herbal medicines prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the mass of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10% (V/V), and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare a fermentation liquid, wherein the fermentation culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 8 parts of konjaku flour, 15 parts of pea flour and 27 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20 mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 mass percent of the matrix.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 20 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to mass parts, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, selecting the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the strains for later use after hyphae grow over a flat plate, wherein the flat plate culture medium is as follows: PDA culture medium: weighing 39g of product of American BD company, dissolving in 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15min for later use; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks by using an inoculating shovel, culturing for 10d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution, wherein the seed culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot. Inoculating the prepared seed liquid into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10% (V/V), and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the fermentation culture medium is as follows: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
(3) Mixing the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) with the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (2), wherein the mass of the Chinese herbal medicine is 10% of the mass of the fermentation liquor, mixing the obtained Chinese herbal medicine fermentation liquor mixture with a substrate, adding probiotics simultaneously, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling a bag opening, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 5 parts of konjaku flour, 5 parts of pea flour and 20 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the mixture of the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation liquor is 20 percent of the mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 percent of the mass percent of the matrix.
Test No.)
The experiment selects 60 sows with similar fetal times, body weights and backfat thicknesses, the experiment is started from 10 days before the expected delivery period and divided into 3 treatment groups, and the experiment is ended after 22 days of piglet weaning. The control group was fed with the basic ration, and the test groups added 5% of the fermented feeds prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively, to the basic ration, and the fermented feeds were added to the basic ration in a mixed manner.
TABLE 1 influence of fermented feed on sow feed intake and faeces
| Item | Control group | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 |
| Average food intake within 22 days after delivery | 5.62 | 6.23 | 6.81 |
| Average intake of dried substances/kg in 22 days after delivery | 5.15 | 5.21 | 5.82 |
| Stool scoring | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Note: stool score criteria 0: no feces are present; 1: abnormally dry feces in the form of particles; 2: normal, solid form stool; 3: loose stool, no diarrhea; 4: feces with toxic diarrhea; 5: watery, severe diarrhea.
The experimental result shows that the fermented feed is applied to the daily ration of the lactating sow, so that the daily dry matter intake of the sow can be improved by more than 10%.
The experimental result shows that the fermented feed substrate is rich in a large amount of dietary fibers, such as added beet pulp, apple pomace, konjac flour, pea flour and wheat bran which contain dietary fibers capable of being digested and absorbed by animals, and the fermented feed substrate can effectively prevent and relieve sow constipation, reduce intestinal metabolic disorder of sows and enhance intestinal activity in a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation mode, so that the feces of the sows fed with the fermented feed substrate is scored to 3.
Comparative example 2
(1) Mixing 22 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 20 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to mass parts, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Mixing the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) with a matrix, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling a bag opening, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the fermented feed, wherein the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 3 parts of konjaku flour, 12 parts of pea flour and 15 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics comprise 100 ten thousand cfu/g of lucid ganoderma edible fungi, 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the Chinese herbal medicines is 2 mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 mass percent of the matrix.
Test No. two
Breeding test of lactating sows:
the test was carried out using the fermented feeds prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2.
Test site: huaian city certain farm
Test animals: 150 sows at late stage of pregnancy are selected and randomly divided into three groups, 100 pigs in test group and 50 pigs in control group.
Test feed: the control group is fed with common lactation feed with conventional formula;
the fermented feed prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2 is adopted in the test group to replace 10% of the complete feed in the control group, and other components are unchanged; the premix is a commercial product.
Test time: the test period was counted from the start of labor to the end of weaning. The feed was fed daily in a conventional feeding manner, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Experimental data for the experimental and control groups
The test result shows that after the product provided by the invention is used for feeding sows, the healthy litter size of piglets born by the sows is average, the average weight of piglets is high, the weaning survival rate of the piglets and the diarrhea frequency of the piglets are greatly improved compared with those of a control group, meanwhile, the comparison ratio 2 is also greatly improved, and the oestrus rate of the sows after one week of weaning is also obviously improved.
Comparative example 3
(1) Mixing 30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem and leaf, 20 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of wild chrysanthemum and 17 parts of forsythia suspense stem and leaf according to parts by mass, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
(2) Mixing the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) with a matrix, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling a bag opening, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the fermented feed, wherein the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: the composite probiotic-containing biological fertilizer comprises, by mass, 20 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 8 parts of konjak powder, 15 parts of pea meal and 27 parts of wheat bran, wherein probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of Chinese herbal medicines is 2% of the mass of a matrix, and the addition amount of probiotics is 0.5% of the mass of the matrix.
(4) Mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of beet pulp, 30 parts of apple pomace, 8 parts of konjaku flour, 15 parts of pea flour and 27 parts of wheat bran, wherein the probiotics comprise 20 hundred million cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 10 hundred million cfu/g of enterococcus faecalis, 50 hundred million cfu/g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 100 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus subtilis, 20 hundred million cfu/g of acetic acid bacteria and 10 hundred million cfu/g of bacillus coagulans, the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20 mass percent of the matrix, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5 mass percent of the matrix.
Experiment three
Laying hens are selected in the test, and the laying hen farm is subjected to a feeding test for 60 days. 1800 normal laying hens aged 42 weeks are selected in the test, and then are divided into 3 test groups, the laying hens are respectively fed with the traditional laying hen feed, the traditional feed is added with 10 percent of the comparative example 3, the traditional feed is added with 10 percent of the example 3, during the test period, the laying number and the egg weight of the laying hens in each test group are counted, the laying rate and the average egg weight of the laying hens are calculated, and then the quality and the cholesterol content of the eggs are checked by spot check, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 3 comparison table of laying rate and average egg weight of laying hens
| Item | Control group | Comparative example 3 | Example 3 |
| Laying rate (%) | 81.23 | 83.15 | 96.87 |
| Average egg weight (g) | 67.51 | 67.98 | 70.24 |
From the data in table 3, it can be seen that: compared with the laying hens fed by the traditional feed and the comparative example 3 feed, the laying hens fed by the laying hen feed of the embodiment 3 added with 10% of the feed has the laying rate about 19% higher and the average egg weight about 2.73g higher.
TABLE 4 egg quality control Table
| Item | Control group | Comparative example 3 | Example 3 |
| Egg shape index | 1.306 | 1.321 | 1.398 |
| Eggshell strength (MPa) | 3.51 | 3.61 | 4.29 |
| Thickness of eggshell (mm) | 0.327 | 0.335 | 0.371 |
| Yolk color (grade) | 6.1 | 6.5 | 7.87 |
| Protein height (mm) | 5.611 | 5.632 | 5.871 |
From the data in table 4, it can be seen that: all quality indexes of eggs of the laying hens fed by the laying hen feed in the embodiment 3 are higher than those of eggs of laying hens fed by the conventional feed and the comparative example 3.
TABLE 5 egg Cholesterol content comparison Table
| Item | Control group | Comparative example 3 | Example 3 |
| Cholesterol (mg/piece) | 208.75 | 196.68 | 127.53 |
From the data in table 5, it can be seen that: the cholesterol content of eggs of laying hens fed by the laying hen feed of the embodiment 3 is obviously lower than that of eggs of laying hens fed by the conventional feed and the comparative example 3.
Compared with experiments, the compound feed disclosed by the invention can be used for feeding laying hens, the laying rate and the egg quality are improved, the cholesterol content in eggs is obviously reduced, and the nutritional requirements of the laying hens in the laying period can be well met.
Experiment four
180 large three-way hybrid piglets with the average weight of 8kg are selected, and the experimental pigs are randomly divided into 6 treatment groups according to the principle of scientific feeding experiments, wherein each treatment group has 3 times of repetition, and 10 pigs each are repeated to form 6 treatment groups, wherein 3 groups are added with the products of example 1, example 2 and example 3 in an amount of 5 percent of the basic ration, and the other 3 groups are respectively a control group (basic ration group), a high-dose zinc oxide group (2500mg/kg zinc) and a zinc sulfate group (100mg/kg zinc). All experimental pigs are fed with corn-soybean meal type basic ration, pigsties are disinfected before experiments, the experimental pigs are fed in groups, and are fed freely and drunk freely during the experiment, and the rest is carried out according to conventional feeding management rules for 30 days during the experiment.
The experimental result shows that compared with a control group, the daily gain of the high-dose zinc oxide group is increased by 25.12%, the daily gain of the zinc sulfate group is increased by 18.65%, the daily gains of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are respectively increased by 24.78%, 25.31% and 25.27%; the zinc content in the pig manure sample of the high-dose zinc oxide group is 25-35 times of the value of each group in the examples 1-3; the serum IgG levels in the groups of examples 1-3 were increased by 15.8%, 18.3%, and 16.7%, respectively, compared to the control group. The interaction of the organic zinc, the ganoderma triterpene, the ganoderma polysaccharide, the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation metabolite and the like in the scheme has a very good effect on improving the immunity of animals.
According to researches, the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has a good regulating effect on an animal immune system, can resist the invasion of foreign bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances, and can also eliminate cells aged, mutated, deteriorated or dead in vivo.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicines according to the parts by weight, crushing, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
(2) preparing ganoderma lucidum: activating strains, namely picking the frozen and preserved slant strains in a flat PDA culture medium, carrying out inverted culture in a constant temperature box at 26 ℃, and keeping the mycelia for later use after the flat is full of the mycelia; seed culture: taking the ganoderma lucidum blocks into a seed culture medium by using an inoculating shovel, and culturing for 10 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to obtain a seed solution;
(3) adding the Chinese herbal medicine prepared in the step (1) into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% of the weight of the fermentation culture medium, inoculating the prepared seed liquid into the fermentation culture medium according to 10% (V/V) of inoculation amount, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 26 ℃ at 150r/min to prepare fermentation liquid;
(4) and (3) mixing the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) with a substrate, adding probiotics, uniformly mixing, bagging, fermenting, tightly rolling the opening of the bag, and fermenting at a constant temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 3 days to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed, wherein the addition amount of the fermentation liquor prepared in the step (3) is 20% of the mass fraction of the substrate, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 0.5% of the mass fraction of the substrate.
2. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng stem leaves, 10-25 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 5-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of wild chrysanthemum flowers and 10-20 parts of forsythia suspense stem leaves.
3. The method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed according to claim 1, wherein the probiotics in step (4) comprise lactobacillus acidophilus 20 hundred million cfu/g, enterococcus faecalis 10 hundred million cfu/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae 50 hundred million cfu/g, bacillus subtilis 100 hundred million cfu/g, acetic acid bacteria 20 hundred million cfu/g, bacillus coagulans 10 hundred million cfu/g.
4. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of beet pulp, 10-30 parts of apple pomace, 3-8 parts of konjac flour, 5-15 parts of pea powder and 10-30 parts of wheat bran.
5. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the content of ganoderma triterpene in the fermentation liquid prepared in the step (3) is more than or equal to 0.25g/L, the content of ganoderma polysaccharide is more than or equal to 0.08g/L, and the content of organic zinc is more than or equal to 0.01 g/L.
6. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed according to claim 1, wherein the plate culture medium in the step (2) is: PDA culture medium: the BD company in the United states weighs 39g of the product, and the product is dissolved in 1000mL of distilled water and sterilized for 15min at 121 ℃ for later use.
7. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the seed culture medium in the step (2) is: 30g/L glucose, 3g/L N-1 yeast powder, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min in a sterilizing pot.
8. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium in the step (3) is: 30g/L glucose, 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, natural pH, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265440A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-17 | 广东大泽农生物科技股份有限公司 | Compound acidifier and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114381409A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-22 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Fermented feed for improving animal production performance and/or improving feed utilization rate and application thereof |
| CN115024386A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-09 | 芜湖职业技术学院 | Traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113265440A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-17 | 广东大泽农生物科技股份有限公司 | Compound acidifier and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114381409A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-22 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Fermented feed for improving animal production performance and/or improving feed utilization rate and application thereof |
| CN114381409B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-18 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Fermented feed for improving animal productivity and/or improving feed utilization rate and application thereof |
| CN115024386A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-09 | 芜湖职业技术学院 | Traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and preparation method thereof |
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