CN111511700A - 电熔氧化铝粒、电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法、磨石、砂布和砂纸 - Google Patents
电熔氧化铝粒、电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法、磨石、砂布和砂纸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111511700A CN111511700A CN201880067843.XA CN201880067843A CN111511700A CN 111511700 A CN111511700 A CN 111511700A CN 201880067843 A CN201880067843 A CN 201880067843A CN 111511700 A CN111511700 A CN 111511700A
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- zirconium
- tungsten
- molybdenum
- raw material
- alumina particles
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Abstract
提供能够抑制制造时的结粒且能够实现高的磨削性能的电熔氧化铝粒。本发明的电熔氧化铝粒含有钨和钼之中的至少一者。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电熔氧化铝粒、该电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法、以及使用了该电熔氧化铝粒的磨石、砂布和砂纸。
背景技术
JIS R 6111-2005中所规定的氧化铝质磨削材料被称作人造磨削材料,并且被用作为磨削磨石、砂布和砂纸等的构成要素。如JIS R 6111-2005中规定那样,氧化铝质磨削材料有白色氧化铝磨削材料(WA)、淡红色氧化铝磨削材料(PA)和破碎型氧化铝磨削材料(HA)等。这些氧化铝质磨削材料是:将由用拜耳法精制了的氧化铝构成的氧化铝质原料在电炉中熔融(即电熔),并使其凝固,将所得到的块进行粉碎并整粒而得到的磨削材料或者进行破碎并整粒而得到的磨削材料。这些氧化铝质磨削材料的韧性存在HA>PA>WA的关系。
这些以往的氧化铝磨削材料,在难被磨削材料的磨削加工的用途中,其磨削性能有时不充分。因此,正在尝试改善氧化铝磨削材料的磨削性能(专利文献1、2等)。
在专利文献1中记载了下述方法:将氧化铝含量为99.0%以上的高纯度的熔融氧化铝磨粒在1600~1850℃加热处理30分钟~2小时,来改善氧化铝磨削材料的磨削性能。在熔融氧化铝的锭的粉碎时,磨粒产生缺陷、微细的伤以及裂纹,磨粒的抗压强度降低,但是,在专利文献1的技术中,通过将磨粒在规定条件下加热处理从而促进原子的扩散、重排列、或者使磨粒中所含的Na2O挥发,从而改善磨粒的抗压强度。但是,即使采用使用了基于该技术的磨粒的磨石,也仍不能得到应该令人十分满意的磨削性能,要求更高的磨削性能。
在该文献中记载了下述内容:在TiO2、SiO2等杂质的含量多的熔融氧化铝磨粒的情况下,通过在1000~1300℃左右的温度下烧成,磨粒的龟裂消失,磨粒的抗压强度增加,另一方面,若将杂质的含量多的熔融氧化铝磨粒在1400℃以上的温度下进行高温处理,则强度反而降低,若将杂质的含量多的磨粒进行高温处理,则发生磨粒彼此的烧结(以下称为结粒),需要破碎操作,从而变得麻烦。
在专利文献2中记载了下述内容:用通过对含有氧化钛的电熔氧化铝粒实施加热处理而生成的钛酸铝,被覆该电熔氧化铝粒的表面,使该电熔氧化铝粒的强度和韧性提高。在该文献中公开了下述内容:用该方法制造出的电熔氧化铝粒,C系数变小(即,韧性提高),显微维氏硬度提高。另外,在该文献中公开了下述内容:通过使用该电熔氧化铝粒作为磨削磨石,能得到比以往的白色电熔氧化铝磨削材料和单晶电熔氧化铝磨削材料优异的磨削性能。由此可知:提高电熔氧化铝粒的韧性和显微维氏硬度对提高磨削性能是有效的。但是,如该文献的实施例中记载的那样,若将含有氧化钛的电熔氧化铝粒加热处理,则粒彼此固着(即,发生结粒)。因此,需要破碎操作,存在花费工夫的问题,另外,存在因该破碎操作而使目标粒度的电熔氧化铝粒的收率变低的问题。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭50-80305号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平7-215717号公报
发明内容
如上述那样,在现有技术中,不能得到能够抑制制造时的结粒且能够实现高的磨削性能的电熔氧化铝粒。本发明的目的是提供能够抑制制造时的结粒且能够实现高的磨削性能的电熔氧化铝粒、该电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法、以及使用了该电熔氧化铝粒的磨石、砂布和砂纸。
本发明人进行深入研究的结果发现,通过使电熔氧化铝粒含有钨和钼之中的至少一者,能够抑制制造时的结粒,并且能够实现高的磨削性能,从而完成了本发明。即,本发明如下。
[1]一种电熔氧化铝粒,含有钨和钼之中的至少一者。
[2]根据上述[1]所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
按WO3换算的所述钨的含量与按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计为0.05~3.00质量%。
[3]根据上述[1]或[2]所述的电熔氧化铝粒,含有锆。
[4]根据上述[3]所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
在电熔氧化铝粒中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量为0.01~2.00质量%。
[5]根据上述[3]或[4]所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计含量100mol,按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量为40mol~67mol。
[6]根据上述[1]~[5]的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
在将所述电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度记为x、且将所述电熔氧化铝粒的C系数记为y时,满足以下的式(1)。
y<-1.506x+3.605 (1)
[7]一种电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,包括:
工序(A),将氧化铝原料和包含钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者的原料混合,从而制作混合物原料;
工序(B),采用电熔融法由所述混合物原料制作锭;
工序(C),将所述锭粉碎从而制作粉碎粉;
工序(D),将所述粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度从而制作整粒粒子;和
工序(E),将所述整粒粒子在1000℃以上的加热温度下加热处理从而得到电熔氧化铝粒。
[8]根据上述[7]所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述钨化合物和钼化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按WO3换算的所述钨化合物和按MoO3换算的所述钼化合物的含量成为0.05~3.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
[9]根据上述[7]或[8]所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)是将钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者、氧化铝原料和锆化合物混合从而制作混合物原料的工序。
[10]根据上述[9]所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述锆化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量成为0.01~2.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
[11]根据上述[9]或[10]所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述锆化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的钼的含量的合计含量100mol成为40mol~67mol的方式换算出的配合量。
[12]根据上述[7]~[11]的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
得到所述电熔氧化铝粒的工序(E)的加热温度为1200℃以上且1700℃以下。
[13]一种磨石,包含上述[1]~[6]的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒。
[14]一种砂布/砂纸,包含上述[1]~[6]的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒。
根据本发明,能够提供在制造时不发生结粒并且磨削性能优异的电熔氧化铝粒和该电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法、以及使用了该电熔氧化铝粒的磨石、砂布和砂纸。
附图说明
图1是将横轴设为电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度、将纵轴设为电熔氧化铝粒的C系数而将实施例1~8和比较例1~3的C段松装密度和C系数绘图而成的图。
图2是表示由使用JIS R 6001-1998中所规定的F36、F80、F120三种粒度的SA磨粒(昭和电工(株)制)对于各粒度测定20点的结果得到的近似一次函数的图。SA磨粒是氧化铝单晶磨粒,且是主要被使用于难被磨削材料的磨削加工的磨削材料。SA磨粒含有99.6质量%的Al2O3、0.03质量%的SiO2、0.03质量%的Fe2O3和0.3质量%的TiO2。
图3是表示实施例4的采用能量分散型X射线光谱分析得到的元素映射(mapping)分析的结果的照片。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进行详细说明,但是,本发明并不限定于下述的实施方式。再者,在以下的说明中,表示数值范围的“A~B”的记载表示包含作为端点的A和B在内的数值范围。即,意指“A以上且B以下”(A<B的情况下)或“A以下且B以上”(A>B的情况下)。
[电熔氧化铝粒]
在本说明书中,所谓电熔氧化铝粒是指:将用拜耳法精制的氧化铝等原料在电弧炉等电炉中熔融,并使其凝固,将所得到的锭进行粉碎并整粒而得到的氧化铝粒、或者将所述锭进行破碎并整粒而得到的氧化铝粒。
本发明的电熔氧化铝粒含有钨和钼之中的至少一者。由此,能够得到在制造时不发生结粒、且磨削性能优异的电熔氧化铝粒。
优选本发明的电熔氧化铝粒还含有锆。
(钨和钼的含量)
按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计优选为0.05~3.00质量%,更优选为0.10~2.50质量%,进一步优选为0.20~2.00质量%。在此,所谓含量意指用后述的实施例中记载的分析方法测定出的含量。
通过使按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计为0.05质量%以上,能够实现高韧性化。
通过使按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计为3.00质量%以下,能够保持氧化铝本来的高硬度。
通过使按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计为0.05~3.00质量%的范围,能够兼备高硬度和高韧性。而且,通过兼备高硬度和高韧性,能够实现优异的磨削性能。
(钨和钼对于防止结粒的效果)
若使电熔氧化铝粒含有钨和钼之中的至少一者,则能够避免在制造时发生结粒,其原因可推测为基于以下的原理。如专利文献2中所记载的那样的电熔氧化铝粒,由于在热处理时在表面析出与氧化铝的反应性比较高的钛化合物,因此作为结果发生结粒。另一方面,在本发明中,由于含有与氧化铝的反应性比较低的钨和钼之中的至少一者,因此预想到在热处理后不发生结粒,并且兼备高硬度和高韧性的结果是磨削性能优异。
(锆的含量)
电熔氧化铝粒中的锆的含量,按ZrO2换算优选为0.01~2.00质量%,更优选为0.02~1.75质量%,进一步优选为0.03~1.50质量%。在此,所谓含量意指用后述的实施例中记载的分析方法测定出的含量。
通过使锆的含量按ZrO2换算为0.01质量%以上,能够实现由共添加带来的高韧性化。
通过使锆的含量按ZrO2换算为2.00质量%以下,能够保持氧化铝本来的高硬度。
按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量,相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计含量100mol,优选为40~67mol,更优选为42~63mol,进一步优选为43~59mol。
通过使锆的含量相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计含量100mol为40mol以上,能够确认到由共添加带来的充分的高韧性化。
通过使锆的含量相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计含量100mol为67mol以下,在制造时不发生结粒,能够进一步保持氧化铝本来的高维氏硬度。
(钨和钼对于改善磨削性能的效果)
若使电熔氧化铝粒含有钨和钼之中的至少一者,则改善电熔氧化铝粒的磨削性能,其原因可推测为基于以下的原理。预想到:存在于电熔氧化铝粒的粒内、晶界、表面的钨和钼之中的一部分以具有负的热膨胀系数的ZrW2O8和ZrMo2O8的状态存在。由此认为压缩应力对热处理后的电熔氧化铝粒进行作用而发生高韧性化。另外,由于钨和钼几乎不固溶于氧化铝中,因此硬度也不降低。
(C系数和C段松装密度)
在x=电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度、且y=电熔氧化铝粒的C系数时,本发明的电熔氧化铝粒优选满足以下的式(1),更优选满足以下的式(2),进一步优选满足以下的式(3),特别优选满足以下的式(4),最优选满足以下的式(5)。由此,能够提高本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的磨削性能。
y<-1.506x+3.605 (1)
y<-1.506x+3.595 (2)
y<-1.506x+3.585 (3)
y<-1.506x+3.575 (4)
y<-1.506x+3.565 (5)
C系数与在JIS R6128-1987(人造磨削材料的韧性的试验方法(球磨法))中所定义的C系数相同。C系数的测定方法将在后述的实施例的项目中进行详细说明。
C段松装密度,作为采用JIS R6126-1970中所规定的方法测定在C系数测定时使用JIS R6001-1987中所规定的标准筛进行了筛分的留在第3段的筛上的试样的松装密度而得到的值来定义。关于C段松装密度的测定方法,将在后述的实施例的项目中进行详细说明。
一般而言,粒度越细,C段松装密度的值越小,粒度越粗,C段松装密度的值越大。但是,在如电熔氧化铝粒那样进行整粒并被整粒成为相同程度的粒度的试样的情况下,C段松装密度的值根据粒的形状而变化。而且,尖的粒、扁平的粒越多,则通过自由落下而得到的填充率越低,因此C段松装密度的值越小,接近于球的粒越多,则通过自由落下而得到的填充率越高,因此C段松装密度的值越大。
在C系数和C段松装密度的值之间具有负的相关关系(参照图2)。按照前述的那样,在C段松装密度小的试样中,尖的粒、扁平的粒多。因此,若使用它们来测定C系数,则采用球磨机进行的粉碎容易进行,由此C系数的值变大(低韧性)。另一方面,在C段松装密度大的试样中,接近于球的形状的粒多。因此,若使用它们来测定C系数,则采用球磨机进行的粉碎难以进行,C系数的值变小(高韧性)。
如上述那样,本发明的电熔氧化铝粒优选满足上述的式(1)。考虑到x>0和y>0,满足上述的式(1)的x(C段松装密度)-y(C系数)平面的区域是x(C段松装密度)的值和y(C系数)的值均为小的值的区域。这显示出:本发明的电熔氧化铝粒为尖的粒或扁平的粒、且本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的韧性高。由于相比于接近于球的形状的粒,尖的粒或扁平的粒的磨削性能高,并且韧性高的粒的磨削性能高,因此可知满足上述的式(1)的本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的磨削性能更高。
(铝、氧、钛和镁以外的元素)
本发明的电熔氧化铝粒,也可以包含除了铝、氧、锆、钨和钼以外的元素。本发明的电熔氧化铝粒中的除了铝、氧、锆、钨和钼以外的元素的含量的合计,优选换算成氧化物为1.5原子摩尔%以下。若除了铝、氧、锆、钨和钼以外的元素的含量的合计,换算成氧化物为1.5原子摩尔%以下,则本发明的电熔氧化铝粒具有充分的磨削性能。除了铝、氧、锆、钨和钼以外的元素的含量的合计更优选换算成氧化物为1.0原子摩尔%以下,进一步优选换算成氧化物为0.5原子摩尔%以下,最优选换算成氧化物为0原子摩尔%。在除了铝、氧、锆、钨和钼以外的元素中有例如钠、硅、钙、铁、铬等。
[电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法]
本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,包括:工序(A),将氧化铝原料和包含钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者的原料混合从而制作混合物原料;工序(B),采用电熔融法由所述混合物原料制作锭;工序(C),将锭粉碎从而制作粉碎粉;工序(D),将粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度从而制作整粒粒子;和工序(E),将整粒粒子在1000℃以上的加热温度下加热处理从而得到电熔氧化铝粒。由此,能够避免在制造时发生结粒,能够制造磨削性能优异的本发明的电熔氧化铝粒。
(工序(A))
在工序(A)中,将氧化铝原料和包含钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者的原料混合从而制作混合物原料。例如将以规定的配合比率称量了的氧化铝原料和包含钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者的原料,使用混合机、球磨机等进行机械性混合,或者使用铲子(scoop)等以人手进行混合。
在工序(A)中,优选将钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者、氧化铝原料和锆化合物混合从而制作混合物原料。
<氧化铝原料>
作为在本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法中使用的氧化铝原料,可列举例如用拜耳法精制的氧化铝。
<钨化合物和钼化合物>
作为在本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法中使用的钨化合物,可列举例如氧化钨、钨、硫化钨、钨酸铵、钨酸等。其中,特别优选使用作为氧化钨的三氧化钨。
作为在本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法中使用的钼化合物,可列举例如氧化钼、钼、硫化钼、钼酸铵、二钼酸铵、七钼酸六铵、钼酸等。其中,特别优选使用作为氧化钼的三氧化钼。
工序(A)中的钨化合物和钼化合物的配合量,优选为以在所述锭中按WO3换算的钨和按MoO3换算的钼的含量成为0.05~3.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量,更优选为以成为0.10~2.50质量%的方式换算出的配合量,进一步优选为以成为0.20~2.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
<锆化合物>
作为在本发明的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法中使用的锆化合物,可列举例如氧化锆、锆、碳酸锆、硫酸锆、硫化锆等。其中,特别优选使用氧化锆。
工序(A)中的锆化合物的配合量,优选为以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的锆的含量成为0.01~2.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量,更优选为以成为0.02~2.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量,进一步优选为以成为0.03~1.75质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
工序(A)中的锆化合物的配合量,优选为以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的钼的含量的合计含量100mol成为40~67mol的方式换算出的配合量,更优选为以成为42~63mol的方式换算出的配合量,进一步优选为以成为43~59mol的方式换算出的配合量,特别优选为以成为45~56mol的方式换算出的配合量。
(工序(B))
在工序(B)中,采用电熔融法由混合物原料制作锭。所谓电熔融法是指使用电弧炉等电熔炉将混合原料在例如约2000~约2500℃的加热温度下熔融的方法。当熔融完成时,例如倾斜电熔炉,从设置于炉壁的注出口流出熔融物,并注入至预先准备好的铸模等中,来制作锭。锭为氧化铝的多晶体。
(工序(C))
在工序(C)中,将锭粉碎从而制作粉碎粉。对于锭,使用例如辊式破碎机(rollbreaker)、落锤(drop hammer)等进行粗碎,肉眼挑选后,使用叶轮式破碎机(impellerbreaker)、颚式压碎机(jaw crusher)、辊式压碎机(roll crusher)、轮碾机(edgerunner)、锥形球磨机(conical ball mill)等粉碎机进行粉碎。粉碎粉的粒径优选根据在各制品中所要求的粒度而设为50μm~8mm的范围。
(工序(D))
在工序(D)中,将粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度从而制作整粒粒子。例如,在所制造的电熔氧化铝粒相当于JIS R 6001-1998中所规定的粗粒的情况下,经过筛分工序将粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度。另外,在所制造的电熔氧化铝粒相当于JIS R 6001-1998中所规定的微粉的情况下,使用球磨机、空气式磨机(air mill)等将粉碎粉进行微粉碎后,经过精制工序而将粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度。
(工序(E))
在工序(E)中,将整粒粒子在1000~1900℃的加热温度下加热处理从而得到电熔氧化铝粒。由此,能够提高电熔氧化铝粒的强度和韧性。
例如,将整粒粒子装入箱匣等容器中,用马弗炉等电炉或隧道式连续烧成炉进行加热处理,或者将整粒粒子用回转窑(rotary kiln)等烧成装置直接进行加热处理。
工序(E)中的加热温度为1000~1900℃,优选为1000~1800℃,更优选为1200~1600℃,进一步优选为1300~1500℃。
若加热温度为1000℃以上,则电熔氧化铝的强度变高。若加热温度为1900℃以下,则能够不使整粒粒子彼此烧结而实施加热处理。加热处理时的加热的保持时间优选为60分钟以上。加热处理时的气氛优选为大气气氛。
(其他的工序)
也可以在工序(C)与工序(D)之间追加将在工序(C)中产生的微粉和磁性物等杂质除去、并根据需要来进行酸洗和/或水洗的工序。由此,能够抑制在工序(E)的加热处理中杂质扩散到整粒粒子内。
也可以在工序(E)之后将所得到的电熔氧化铝粒进一步整粒。整粒的方法可以为例如与工序(D)相同的方法。由此,能够得到粒度更整齐的电熔氧化铝粒。
[磨石]
本发明的磨石包含本发明的电熔氧化铝粒。由此,能够得到磨削性能优异的磨石。具体而言,本发明的磨石是将本发明的电熔氧化铝粒用结合剂粘结在一起而成的,主要由电熔氧化铝粒、结合剂和气孔构成。磨石例如通过用陶瓷结合剂(vitrified bond)、金属结合剂(metal bond)或树脂结合剂(resin bond)等结合剂使电熔氧化铝粒成型固化来制造。结合剂优选为陶瓷结合剂。陶瓷结合剂是适当混合长石、陶石、硼砂、粘土等而制备的一般被称为玻璃料(frit)的结合剂,其成分为例如SiO2、B2O3、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O以及K2O等。使用了陶瓷结合剂的磨石(陶瓷磨石),通过在陶瓷结合剂中加入一些糊精、酚醛树脂等成型助剂,与电熔氧化铝粒混合,压制成型后,进行烧成来制造。该烧成温度优选为950~1150℃。本发明的电熔氧化铝粒,除了陶瓷磨石以外还能够作为树脂磨石、橡胶磨石、硅酸盐磨石、虫胶(shellac)磨石、氧化镁磨石等磨石的磨粒使用。
[砂布/砂纸]
本发明的砂布和砂纸,包含本发明的电熔氧化铝粒。由此,能够得到磨削性能优异的砂布和砂纸。砂布和砂纸通过以电熔氧化铝粒为基材,使用粘接剂进行粘接来制造。从得到优异的研磨性能以及耐水性优异的方面出发,优选的粘接剂为酚醛树脂系粘接剂。另外,也能够通过将间苯二酚或其衍生物与酚醛树脂系粘接剂并用,来缓和酚醛树脂系粘接剂的固化条件。作为基材,可列举例如纸、织布和无纺布等。对于重磨削用的磨削带等,也可使用采用聚酯纤维构成的织布,除此以外,对于研磨无纺布,可使用采用尼龙等合成纤维构成的无纺布作为基材。对于砂布和砂纸,作为在作为制品规格的JIS中所制定的砂布和砂纸,可列举研磨布(R6251-2006)、研磨纸(R6252-2006)、耐水研磨纸(R6253-2006)、研磨盘(R6255-2014)、研磨带(R6256-2006)和圆筒研磨套(sleeve)(R6257-2006)等。但是,本发明的砂布和砂纸并不限定于这些。在无JIS的制定的用途中对于本发明的砂布和砂纸来说很重要的用途是研磨无纺布。这是采用研磨材料、纤维(尼龙、聚酯纤维等)和粘接剂这3种构成要素作为研磨用的无纺布而构成的可挠性研磨材料(研磨布)。其具有不规则地交错的构成要素纤维的三维网状组织和大的容积的连通空隙,在2~8mm左右的厚度下具备可挠性和压缩复原性优异的结构特性。
实施例
以下,采用实施例和比较例来更具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不受这些实施例任何限制。
[实施例和比较例的电熔氧化铝粒的评价]
对实施例和比较例的电熔氧化铝粒实施了以下的评价。
(C段松装密度)
按照JIS R6126-1970,使用由漏斗、塞子(stopper)、料筒和其支持台构成的装置,按以下的步骤测定了C段松装密度。
(1)测定料筒的容积V(ml)。
(2)用塞子堵塞漏斗的出口,将约120ml试样加入到漏斗内后,将料筒配置在漏斗的正下方。
(3)拔出塞子,使全部量的试样落入到料筒内,以轻轻刮取的方式除去在料筒的上面隆起的试样后,测定加入至料筒中的试样的重量。
(4)对同一试样反复进行(2)和(3)的操作,取得3个测定值W1(g)、W2(g)和W3(g)。
(5)使用下述的式(7),由在(1)中所得到的料筒的容积V(ml)和在(4)中所得到的3个测定值W1(g)、W2(g)和W3(g),算出C段松装密度。
C段松装密度(g/ml)={(W1+W2+W3)/3}/V (7)
(C系数)
使用JIS R6001-1987中所规定的标准筛,采用Ro-Tap试验机(旋转振动式筛分试验机)将电熔氧化铝粒250g进行了10分钟的筛分。将留在第3段的筛上的全部量的试样进一步进行10分钟的筛分,将再次留在第3段的筛上的电熔氧化铝粒100g作为供试试样。将该供试试样用JIS R6128-1975中所规定的方法进行球磨机粉碎,从而制作了粉碎试样。使用标准筛,将粉碎试样进行5分钟的筛分,将留在第4段的筛上的粉碎试样的重量记为R(x)。另外,使用JIS R6128-1975中所规定的黑色碳化硅质磨削材料F60作为标准试样,来进行同样的操作,将球磨机粉碎后留在第4段的F60的重量记为R(s),通过下式(6)来算出C系数。
C系数=log(100/R(x))/log(100/R(s)) (6)
再者,被球磨机粉碎的程度越小(韧性越高),则R(x)越大,因此韧性越高则C系数的值越小。
(显微维氏硬度)
作为装置,使用(株)アカシ制、机型名“MVK-VL、Hardness Tester”,关于测定,设为载荷为0.98N、压头的压入时间为10秒的条件,将15点的测定值的平均值作为显微维氏硬度。
(结粒)
将按JIS R6001-1998中所规定的F60进行了整粒的加热处理前的电熔氧化铝粒加入到箱匣中,在1500℃下进行了1小时的加热处理。将500g的所得到的电熔氧化铝磨粒,使用孔径500μm的筛一边采用Ro-Tap试验机施加冲击一边进行了1分钟的筛分。然后,计量取得筛上的电熔氧化铝磨粒的质量,在为5g以上的情况下,判断为有结粒。
(通过能量分散型X射线光谱分析来进行的元素映射)
使透明树脂粉末(リファインテック株式会社制,丙烯酸树脂:95~100质量%、甲基丙烯酸甲酯:0~5质量%、过氧化二苯甲酰:0~1质量%)中含有在实施例4中制作出的复合烧结体,将该树脂在热固化成型后进行切断,对切断面进行镜面研磨处理,进行铂蒸镀处理,对包含试样表面的截面进行了元素映射分析。使用能量分散型X射线分光器(日本电子(株)公司制,机型名JED-2300),通过元素映射分析来测定了实施例4的研磨面中的钨和锆元素的分布状态。
[实施例和比较例的电熔氧化铝粒]
将各原料以使得其含量成为表1中所示的值的方式进行配合,与拜耳法氧化铝粉末混合,来制作出混合原料。然后,将混合原料在电弧炉中熔融(熔融条件:电弧炉的消耗电力:9.0kWh、加热时间:20分钟、气氛气体:大气),并将所得到的熔液冷却,由此得到了锭。
各原料使用了以下的原料。
氧化钛:关东化学株式会社制,“氧化钛(IV)金红石型”,规格“特级”
氧化锆:关东化学株式会社制,“氧化锆、3N”,规格“高纯度试剂”
氧化钼:关东化学株式会社制,“氧化钼(VI)”,规格“鹿特级”
氧化钨:关东化学株式会社制,“氧化钨(VI)”,规格“鹿1级”
使用颚式压碎机将所得到的锭进行粗粉碎,然后,用辊磨机进行粉碎,制作出粉碎粉。然后,使用与JISR6001-1998的研磨材的粒度中所规定的粒度F80对应的孔径的筛网将粉碎粉进行整粒,从而制作出整粒粒子。
将粒度F80的整粒粒子加入到300g氧化铝坩埚中,在电炉(大气气氛)内用3小时升温至1500℃,在1500℃保持1小时,停止加热,在炉内自然冷却。冷却至室温后,使用250~150μm的筛网进行整粒,将粒彼此固着而变粗的粒、微细粒去除,得到与F80的氧化铝磨削材料相当的实施例1~10的电熔氧化铝粒和比较例1~3的电熔氧化铝粒。
比较例1是粒度F80的昭和电工(株)制的SA磨粒。SA磨粒是氧化铝单晶磨粒,是主要被使用于难被磨削材料的磨削加工的磨削材料。SA磨粒含有99.6质量%的Al2O3、0.03质量%的SiO2、0.03质量%的Fe2O3和0.3质量%的TiO2。
比较例2是粒度F80的昭和电工(株)制的WA磨粒。WA磨粒是白色电熔氧化铝磨粒,是适合于不希望发热的用途的磨削材料。WA磨粒含有99.8质量%的Al2O3、0.02质量%的SiO2、0.02质量%的Fe2O3,作为余量的0.16质量%为Na2O。
(化学分析)
采用荧光X射线元素分析法测定了实施例和比较例的电熔氧化铝粒中的按WO3换算的钨含量、按MoO3换算的钼含量、按ZrO2换算的锆含量、按TiO2换算的钛含量。测定设备使用了(株)リガク制的“ZSX Primus”。
将测定结果示于表1中。
表1中的质量比全部意指相对于氧化铝粒的重量比。
表1
[评价结果]
在以下的表2中示出实施例1~10的电熔氧化铝粒和比较例1~3的电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度(表中“C段松装密度”)、C系数、显微维氏硬度、结粒的评价结果。
表2
由实施例1~10和比较例1~3的比较能够确认到:通过含有钨和钼中的至少一者,得到即使采用电熔氧化铝粒的制造时的热处理也不会发生结粒、且磨削性能优异的电熔氧化铝粒。
由实施例1和实施例4的比较能够确认到:通过钨和锆的共添加,与单独添加钨相比,C系数降低,即电熔氧化铝粒变得坚固。
由实施例2和实施例7的比较能够确认到:通过钼和锆的共添加,与单独添加钼的情况相比,C系数降低,即电熔氧化铝粒变得坚固。
在图1中示出将横轴设为电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度、将纵轴设为电熔氧化铝粒的C系数而将实施例1~10和比较例1~3的C段松装密度和C系数绘图而成的图。由该图能够确认到:实施例1~10的电熔氧化铝粒满足上述的式(1),磨削性能优异。
如前述那样,C系数与C段松装密度的值具有负的相关关系。关于它们的相关关系,若将横轴设为C段松装密度、将纵轴设为C系数而绘制成图,则能够用斜率为负、截距为正的一次函数表示,如果是同一磨材,则即使测定不同的粒度、C段松装密度的试样,也大致分布于同一直线附近。作为例子,在图2中示出使用F36、F80、F120三种粒度的SA磨粒(昭和电工(株)制),由针对各粒度进行20点的测定的结果得到的近似一次函数。
在此,将“高性能的磨粒”定义为尖的形状(=松装密度小)且高韧性(=C系数的值也小)。也就是说,意味着:在图2的图中,越是处于左下的磨粒,越是高性能。具体而言,含有按TiO2换算为0.30质量%的氧化钛的破碎型电熔氧化铝磨削材料(昭和电工(株)制SA)存在图2所示的相关关系,其近似一次函数的式子为下面的式(9)。
y=-1.506x+3.605 (9)
(x=C段松装密度、y=C系数)
实施例1~10的电熔氧化铝粒满足上述的式(1)意味着:实施例1~10的电熔氧化铝粒,是与上述的SA磨粒(高性能品)相比,尖的粒、扁平的粒多、韧性也优异的高性能的磨粒,与上述的SA磨粒(高性能品)相比,磨削性能优异。认为这一点从在图1中比较例2和比较例3不在满足式(1)的范围内来看也是正确的。
图3中示出实施例4的通过能量分散型X射线光谱分析进行的元素映射的结果。由该结果可知钨和锆之中的一部分存在于同一区域,暗示着以钨-锆化合物的状态存在。
Claims (14)
1.一种电熔氧化铝粒,含有钨和钼之中的至少一者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
按WO3换算的所述钨的含量与按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计为0.05~3.00质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电熔氧化铝粒,含有锆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
在电熔氧化铝粒中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量为0.01~2.00质量%。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量与按MoO3换算的所述钼的含量的合计含量100mol,按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量为40mol~67mol。
6.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒,
在将所述电熔氧化铝粒的C段松装密度记为x、且将所述电熔氧化铝粒的C系数记为y时,满足以下的式(1),
y<-1.506x+3.605 (1)。
7.一种电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,包括:
工序(A),将氧化铝原料和包含钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者的原料混合从而制作混合物原料;
工序(B),采用电熔融法由所述混合物原料制作锭;
工序(C),将所述锭粉碎从而制作粉碎粉;
工序(D),将所述粉碎粉整粒为规定的粒度从而制作整粒粒子;和
工序(E),将所述整粒粒子在1000℃以上且1900℃以下的加热温度下加热处理从而得到电熔氧化铝粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述钨化合物和钼化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按WO3换算的所述钨化合物和按MoO3换算的所述钼化合物的含量成为0.05~3.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)是将钨化合物和钼化合物之中的至少一者、氧化铝原料和锆化合物混合从而制作混合物原料的工序。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述锆化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量成为0.01~2.00质量%的方式换算出的配合量。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
制作所述混合物原料的工序(A)中的所述锆化合物的配合量,是以在所述锭中按ZrO2换算的所述锆的含量相对于按WO3换算的所述钨的含量和按MoO3换算的钼的含量的合计含量100mol成为40mol~67mol的方式换算出的配合量。
12.根据权利要求7~11的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒的制造方法,
得到所述电熔氧化铝粒的工序(E)的加热温度为1200℃以上且1700℃以下。
13.一种磨石,包含权利要求1~6的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒。
14.一种砂布/砂纸,包含权利要求1~6的任一项所述的电熔氧化铝粒。
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- 2018-10-25 SI SI201830592T patent/SI3674274T1/sl unknown
- 2018-10-25 JP JP2019560842A patent/JP6725772B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-10-25 KR KR1020207006841A patent/KR102179722B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-10-25 WO PCT/JP2018/039746 patent/WO2019123833A1/ja unknown
- 2018-10-25 CN CN201880067843.XA patent/CN111511700B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-10-25 EP EP18892483.1A patent/EP3674274B1/en active Active
- 2018-10-25 US US16/649,758 patent/US20200239369A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-10-31 TW TW107138515A patent/TWI688546B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6725772B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
EP3674274B1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
KR20200033344A (ko) | 2020-03-27 |
CN111511700B (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
TW201927694A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
EP3674274A1 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
WO2019123833A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
US20200239369A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
KR102179722B1 (ko) | 2020-11-17 |
EP3674274A4 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
TWI688546B (zh) | 2020-03-21 |
SI3674274T1 (sl) | 2022-04-29 |
JPWO2019123833A1 (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
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