CN111500054A - 一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111500054A
CN111500054A CN202010441635.0A CN202010441635A CN111500054A CN 111500054 A CN111500054 A CN 111500054A CN 202010441635 A CN202010441635 A CN 202010441635A CN 111500054 A CN111500054 A CN 111500054A
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张莉娜
邱军
方春平
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Jiangsu Ate Polymer Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，将预塑化回收胶粉、环氧树脂、聚醚多元醇、聚乙二醇‑20000、三羟甲基丙烷等若干助剂按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中充分混合均匀得到预混物；随后在预混物中加入发泡剂和异氰酸酯，经高速搅拌后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化，即得到成品。本发明通过高分子量的柔性长链聚乙二醇‑20000，与聚氨酯交联体系协同作用，从而题号材料的抗冲击性能；经塑化处理的回收胶粉提高了材料的冲击强度和压缩强度，通过加入环氧树脂，与聚氨酯相互穿插缠结，且交联接枝，二者协同作用，使得材料的热稳定和冲击强度进一步提高，同时环氧树脂的添加可以减弱聚氯乙烯对聚氨酯成型的影响，有利于聚氨酯的成型和增长。

Description

一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，属于复合材料领域。
背景技术
随着我国的经济发展，特别是通讯行业的迅猛发展，电线电缆生产和应用不断扩大。且随着产品更新换代的周期越来越短，废旧电线电缆对环境的污染问题日益严重。 废旧电缆包覆的保护层材料，多采用以聚氯乙烯（PVC，polyvinylchloride）为主体的含卤素材料，不能在自然条件下降解，造成“白色污染”。但废旧电线电缆蕴含着丰富的再生资源，回收的PVC不但可以循环再利用，还具有制造燃油、多功能树脂胶等多种用途。
随着我国经济水平的快速发展，市场对于木材的需求量日益增加，造成森林资源过度开采，导致生态环境恶化，水土流失严重。在此背景下，各类合成木材、仿木材料得以迅速发展。可用作仿木材料的树脂包括聚氯乙烯，聚酯，聚氨酯，聚苯乙烯等等。市面上的仿木产品表面硬度通常不高，制品容易擦伤，并且无法制备具有雕刻花纹、尺寸稳定性要求高的仿木产品。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，不仅实现对废旧电线电缆外皮的充分回收利用，减少白色污染，同时可以增强仿木聚氨酯的表面硬度，提高尺寸热稳定性，用于雕刻样式复杂的仿木产品。
本发明中主要采用的技术方案为：
一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1采用空气膨胀制冷粉碎法对废旧电缆外皮进行粉碎处理，干燥得到80-100目的回收胶粉；
S2 将步骤S2所得的回收胶粉、增塑剂和稳定剂加入搅拌反应釜中，在80℃-120℃下预塑化20-30min，且每间隔2min搅拌一次，经干燥得到预塑化回收胶粉；
S3 将步骤S2所得的预塑化回收胶粉、环氧树脂、聚醚多元醇、聚乙二醇-20000、三羟甲基丙烷、有机硅泡孔稳定剂、交联剂、扩链剂按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中，在恒温60℃下高速搅拌5-30min，使其充分混合均匀得到预混物；
S4 在步骤S3得到的预混物中加入发泡剂，搅拌均匀后，迅速加入一定量的异氰酸酯，经高速搅拌2-8min后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化48-72h后，即得到改性后的仿木聚氨酯复合材料。
优选地，所述交联剂为三乙醇胺、二乙基甲苯二胺或二甲巯基甲苯二胺中的一种。
优选地，所述稳定剂为二盐基亚磷酸铅、三盐基硫酸铅、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸钙、丁基硫醇锡，双丁基二氯化锡，双丁基氧化锡，二月桂酸二丁基锡或月桂酸马来酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯甲酸丁卞酯或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
优选地，所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、己二醇或者一缩二乙二醇。
优选地，所述发泡剂为环己烷或水中的一种或者两种，当同时采用环己烷和水为共发泡剂时，环己烷和水的质量比为5-15:1。
优选地，所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯或者多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯。
优选地，所述聚醚多元醇为YNW-4110、H4110中的一种或者多种。
优选地，所述步骤S3和S4中，所述高速搅拌的搅拌速度为1500-2300r/min。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，增塑剂和稳定剂的用量分别为回收胶粉的2-8%和1-5%；所述步骤S3和S4中所述预塑化回收胶粉、环氧树脂、聚乙二醇-20000、三羟甲基丙烷、有机硅泡孔稳定剂、交联剂、扩链剂、异氰酸酯和发泡剂的用量分别为聚醚多元醇重量的5%-25%、10%-30%、30%-70%、2%-10%、3%-8%、0.3%-1.5%、1%-8%、80%-120%、5%-12%。
有益效果：本发明提供一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，通过高分子量的柔性长链聚乙二醇-20000，与聚氨酯交联体系协同作用，从而题号材料的抗冲击性能；经塑化处理的回收胶粉提高了材料的冲击强度和压缩强度，通过加入环氧树脂，与聚氨酯相互穿插缠结，同时交联接枝，二者协同作用，使得材料的热稳定和冲击强度进一步提高，同时环氧树脂的添加可以减弱聚氯乙烯对聚氨酯成型的影响，有利于聚氨酯的成型和增长。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
本发明的实施案例中的环氧树脂均采用E-51，有机硅泡孔稳定剂为AK8805、回收胶粉均由采用空气膨胀制冷粉碎法对废旧电缆外皮进行粉碎处理得到，本领域技术人员可根据实际需求进行选择。
实施例1
首先将80目的回收胶粉、增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯2%）和稳定剂（二盐基亚磷酸铅1%）加入搅拌反应釜中，在80℃下预塑化30min，且每间隔2min搅拌一次，经干燥得到预塑化回收胶粉；
随后将预塑化回收胶粉（5%）、环氧树脂（E-51 10%）、聚醚多元醇（YNW-4110）、聚乙二醇-20000（30%）、三羟甲基丙烷（2%）、有机硅泡孔稳定剂（3%）、交联剂（0.3%）、扩链剂（1,4-丁二醇1%）按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中，在恒温60℃下高速搅拌（搅拌速度为1500r/min）30min，使其充分混合均匀得到预混物；
最后在预混物中加入发泡剂（环己烷5%），搅拌均匀后，迅速加入一定量的异氰酸酯（甲苯二异氰酸酯80%），经高速搅拌（搅拌速度为1500）8min后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化72h后，即得到成品1。
实施例2
首先将100目的回收胶粉、增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯5%）和稳定剂（双丁基氧化锡3%）加入搅拌反应釜中，在100℃下预塑化25min，且每间隔2min搅拌一次，经干燥得到预塑化回收胶粉；
随后将预塑化回收胶粉（15%）、环氧树脂（E-51 20%）、聚醚多元醇（H4110）、聚乙二醇-20000（50%）、三羟甲基丙烷（5%）、有机硅泡孔稳定剂（5%）、交联剂（0.8%）、扩链剂（1,4-丁二醇5%）按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中，在恒温60℃下高速搅拌（搅拌速度为2000r/min）15min，使其充分混合均匀得到预混物；
最后在预混物中加入发泡剂（水12%），搅拌均匀后，迅速加入一定量的异氰酸酯（甲苯二异氰酸酯100%），经高速搅拌（搅拌速度为2000r/min）5min后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化72h后，即得到成品2。
实施例3
首先将100目的回收胶粉、增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸二辛酯8%）和稳定剂（二月桂酸二丁基锡5%）加入搅拌反应釜中，在120℃下预塑化20min，且每间隔2min搅拌一次，经干燥得到预塑化回收胶粉；
随后将预塑化回收胶粉（25%）、环氧树脂（E-51 30%）、聚醚多元醇（YNW-4110）、聚乙二醇-20000（70%）、三羟甲基丙烷（10%）、有机硅泡孔稳定剂（8%）、交联剂（1.5%）、扩链剂（己二醇8%）按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中，在恒温60℃下高速搅拌（搅拌速度为2300r/min）5min，使其充分混合均匀得到预混物；
最后在预混物中加入发泡剂（共发泡剂8%（环己烷和水的质量比为10:1）），搅拌均匀后，迅速加入一定量的异氰酸酯（多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯120%），经高速搅拌（搅拌速度为2300r/min）2min后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化72h后，即得到成品3。
分别对成品1、2、3进行力学性能测试，具体测试结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
S1采用空气膨胀制冷粉碎法对废旧电缆外皮进行粉碎处理，干燥得到80-100目的回收胶粉；
S2 将步骤S2所得的回收胶粉、增塑剂和稳定剂加入搅拌反应釜中，在80℃-120℃下预塑化20-30min，且每间隔2min搅拌一次，经干燥得到预塑化回收胶粉；
S3 将步骤S2所得的预塑化回收胶粉、环氧树脂、聚醚多元醇、聚乙二醇-20000、三羟甲基丙烷、有机硅泡孔稳定剂、交联剂、扩链剂按比例加入到搅拌反应釜中，在恒温60℃下高速搅拌5-30min，使其充分混合均匀得到预混物；
S4 在步骤S3得到的预混物中加入发泡剂，搅拌均匀后，迅速加入一定量的异氰酸酯，经高速搅拌2-8min后，迅速倒入模具中，常温静置固化48-72h后，即得到改性后的仿木聚氨酯复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂为三乙醇胺、二乙基甲苯二胺或二甲巯基甲苯二胺中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稳定剂为二盐基亚磷酸铅、三盐基硫酸铅、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸钙、丁基硫醇锡，双丁基二氯化锡，双丁基氧化锡，二月桂酸二丁基锡或月桂酸马来酸二丁基锡中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯甲酸丁卞酯或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、己二醇或者一缩二乙二醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为环己烷或水中的一种或者两种，当同时采用环己烷和水为共发泡剂时，环己烷和水的质量比为5-15:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯或者多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为YNW-4110、H4110中的一种或者两种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3和S4中，所述高速搅拌的搅拌速度为1500-2300r/min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的废旧电缆外皮改性仿木聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，增塑剂和稳定剂的用量分别为回收胶粉的2-8%和1-5%；所述步骤S3和S4中所述预塑化回收胶粉、环氧树脂、聚乙二醇-20000、三羟甲基丙烷、有机硅泡孔稳定剂、交联剂、扩链剂、异氰酸酯和发泡剂的用量分别为聚醚多元醇重量的5%-25%、10%-30%、30%-70%、2%-10%、3%-8%、0.3%-1.5%、1%-8%、80%-120%、5%-12%。
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