CN111499275A

CN111499275A - Biomass water retention brick and application thereof in restoration of severely deteriorated grassland

Info

Publication number: CN111499275A
Application number: CN202010326633.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘桂霞; 张晓宇; 吴儒琳; 魏少翀; 刘治国; 刘振
Original assignee: Heibei University
Current assignee: Heibei University; Hebei University
Priority date: 2020-04-23
Filing date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2020-08-07

Abstract

The invention provides a biomass water retention brick and application thereof in restoration of severely degraded grasslands, wherein the preparation of the biomass water retention brick comprises the following steps: (a) crushing potatoes to obtain potato residues for later use; (b) grinding soil or sandy soil, and sieving to remove large particulate matters for later use; (c) crushing crop straws to 1-3cm for later use; (d) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of potato residue, 25 parts of soil or sandy soil, 50-55 parts of animal and plant fibers or 50-55 parts of crop straws and 5 parts of polysaccharide; (e) mixing the raw materials, adding water and stirring uniformly; (f) pressing the mixture into a long brick shape by using a machine, drying the long brick shape, and curing the long brick shape to obtain the biomass water-retaining brick. According to the invention, the biomass water retention bricks are laid in the furrows, so that the effects of water absorption and retention can be achieved, the temperature difference between day and night is reduced, and the effect of soil improvement can be achieved along with the slow decomposition of the biomass material.

Description

Biomass water retention brick and application thereof in restoration of severely deteriorated grassland

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of deteriorated grassland restoration and treatment, in particular to a biomass water-retaining brick and application thereof in restoration of severe deteriorated grassland.

Background

The deterioration of grasslands causes the grassland ecosystem to have the characteristics of species community deterioration, reduction of biodiversity, reduction of grassland productivity, soil deterioration, reduction of ecological functions and the like. The formation of salinization and desertification in China is caused by the natural conditions of the local area and long-term artificial unreasonable utilization, so that the deterioration degree of the salinization and desertification is generally higher, and serious vegetation in the salinization and desertification soil area can hardly survive. Different types of deteriorated grassland are formed under certain natural conditions, wherein salinization is formed because salt continuously moves upwards and accumulates on the surface of soil; the formation of desertification is caused by the loss of the environment for plant growth in the soil due to the small rainfall and the large evaporation capacity.

Due to the high underground water level, high temperature and drought climatic conditions, the degraded saline-alkali soil is lack of water, accumulated salt and returned salt, and the salt is not easy to elute after long-term accumulation, so that different degrees of salinization and even light alkaline spots are formed in the long term; sandy grasslands have a low water content, which leads to a decrease in the survival rate of vegetation, a decrease in the number of plant species, and accompanying deterioration to various degrees.

With the varying degrees of salinization and desertification of natural grass, different restoration techniques are often employed. Since salinization and desertification are different types of soils, there are differences in the prior art.

The prior art mainly comprises the following steps of land leveling, well, ditch and canal matched and perfect irrigation and drainage system, soil replacement, drip washing, sludge and other water conservancy projects; physical measures such as deep ploughing and fine culture, sand laying, corn straw laying in furrows and the like; planting salt-tolerant plants, and applying biological measures such as microbial agents and the like; adding various modifiers and other chemical measures to the soil. The measures for improving the desertification grassland mainly comprise methods of enclosure cultivation, sand barrier sand stabilization, artificial reseeding of pasture and the like, can play a role in sand stabilization, and can achieve the purpose of promoting vegetation recovery.

The saline-alkali soil improvement measures have the following defects: through the series of measures, the communication between soil surfaces is effectively blocked, and the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced; the capillary tubes of the soil are destroyed, and the salt is blocked from further gathering to the surface. However, the water conservancy engineering measures have large engineering quantity and high cost, so that the salt content cannot be reduced fundamentally, and the popularization and the application of the water conservancy project measures cannot be widely limited; physical measures can effectively relieve the soil structure and increase the fertility, but the effects of sand paving and straw paving are not obvious, and the salt inhibition is only temporary; a large amount of modifying agents and chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied to soil, so that the soil is hardened, deteriorated and damaged, the salt content is increased, and the ecological environment is polluted.

Disadvantages of the sand-improving measures: the enclosure cultivation has obvious effects on vegetation recovery, but has a long recovery period on soil functions; the sand barriers arranged on the flowing sand and in the treatment of the wind and sand areas have obvious wind prevention and sand fixation effects, but the technical difficulty is high, labor and time are wasted, the cost is high, the survival rate of species for reseeding sandy grasslands is low, the effect is slow, and the comprehensive treatment effect is not ideal.

Deteriorated grasslands such as saline-alkali soil and sandy grassland have become an important reserve resource for land utilization, and thus have been paid much attention. In the practice of agricultural production of human beings, saline-alkali soil is improved and treated by water conservancy engineering measures, land leveling, soil replacement, leaching, silting and the like, and the measures cannot fundamentally reduce the salt content of the soil, are high in cost and long in time consumption and are only suitable for special land. But with the generation of a large amount of soil improvement agents, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be rapidly improved, the soil is ready for people to use, and although the chemical measures have quick effect, new ions are easy to replace to cause secondary pollution. With the enhancement of consciousness of people, saline-alkali soil is treated by agricultural physical measures, biological measures and the like, and although the saline-alkali soil is good in environmental protection, the saline-alkali soil has slow effect. In the practical implementation process, the most important task of improving salinization is to reduce the salt content and maintain a certain humidity.

The improvement of desertification requires a long time period for the improvement of soil functions by using a fence for sealing and breeding, and then the effect of recovering the current year by reseeding pasture grass is obvious, but the problem cannot be fundamentally solved. The restoration of sandy grasslands is primarily tasked with maintaining proper moisture content to take advantage of plant survival and green turning.

In conclusion, the existing methods for improving saline-alkali soil and sandy soil generally have the defects of high improvement cost, long period, unobvious water retention effect, poor salinity inhibition effect, environment damage and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biomass water retention brick and application thereof in recovery of severely degraded grasslands, and aims to solve the problems of high improvement cost, long period, unobvious water retention effect, poor salt inhibition effect, environmental damage and the like of the existing method.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a biomass water retention brick is prepared by the following method:

(a) crushing potatoes, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to remove large particles to obtain potato residues for later use;

(b) grinding soil or sandy soil, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve to remove large particulate matter;

(c) crushing crop straws to 1-2cm for later use;

(d) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of potato residue, 30 parts of soil or sandy soil treated in the step (b), 50-55 parts of animal and plant fibers or 50-55 parts of crop straws treated in the step (c) and 5 parts of polysaccharide;

(e) mixing the raw materials weighed in the step (d), adding water and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(f) and pressing the mixed slurry into a long brick shape by using a machine, drying, and curing to obtain the biomass water-retention brick.

In the step (a), the potatoes are leftovers of potatoes in industrial processing or raw potatoes with low grade.

In the step (c), the crop straw is one or a mixture of more than one of wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw, potato straw, naked oat straw and natural pasture.

In the step (d), the animal and plant fibers are one or a mixture of a plurality of plant fibers such as wool fibers, crop straws and the like.

In step (d), the polysaccharide is corn polysaccharide.

In the step (e), the water addition amount is 40-50% of the total mass of the raw materials.

And (f) the biomass water-retention brick is 25cm long, 2-5cm wide and 3-5cm high, and the biomass water-retention brick is maintained under the condition that the biomass water-retention brick is taken down from a mold and then placed in a cool place for air drying for 3-5 days, then the brick is turned over and continuously ventilated and dried in the shade, and the biomass water-retention brick is obtained after the biomass water-retention brick is completely dried.

The application of the biomass water-retention brick in the rehabilitation of severely degraded grasslands comprises the following steps:

(a) ploughing the heavily deteriorated grassland to form ridges and furrows;

(b) continuously paving the biomass water-retention bricks in the furrows;

(c) and (5) reseeding the selected pasture.

The severe deteriorated grassland refers to a severely deteriorated salinized grassland or desertification grassland, and for the severe deteriorated desertification grassland, furrows are arranged in the desertification grassland every 25-30cm in an interval, and the depth of the furrows is 8-12 cm.

According to the invention, the biomass water retention bricks are laid in the furrows, so that the effects of water absorption and retention can be achieved, the temperature difference between day and night is reduced, and the effect of soil improvement can be achieved along with the slow decomposition of the biomass material. The invention has simple construction, does not need large-scale mechanical equipment, has low construction cost and can use local materials. According to actual needs, the shape of the biomass water-retaining brick can be brick-shaped, strip-shaped or other shapes. When the method is implemented, only the biomass water-retaining bricks with proper sizes are selected at the early stage of reseeding and laid in the furrows during seeding.

The animal and plant fiber and crop straw can be obtained from local materials and can absorb 4-6 times of water per se. The air permeability and the water retention are obvious, and simultaneously, the salt content of each soil layer (saline-alkali soil) can be reduced, and the soil is improved; meanwhile, the degradable material can also increase the nutrition and organic matters in the soil, thereby effectively promoting the growth of plants; the biomass water-retaining brick is ecological and environment-friendly, can be naturally degraded, and avoids the influence on the environment. The method has the following specific advantages:

1. the biomass water retention brick has the characteristics of light weight, air permeability, water and fertilizer retention, rain erosion and soaking resistance, rich nutrition and the like, and the potato residue, the animal and plant fibers and the crop straws are rich in nutrients, so that the soil structure can be changed, the soil fertility is increased, and the salt content of a soil plough layer is reduced.

2. The biomass water-retention bricks laid in the furrows can not only absorb water and retain water and improve soil, but also establish a good growth environment for the root systems of the seeds to promote the germination of the seeds, and the biomass bricks are suitable for vegetation recovery.

3. The biomass water-retaining brick can preserve heat and reduce the temperature difference between day and night, and can reduce the damage to seedlings.

4. The fertilizer is degradable, can increase nutrients and organic matters in soil, provides nutrients for plant growth, and is beneficial to promoting plant growth.

5. Certain water is stored, water loss is prevented, and the purpose of water and soil conservation is achieved.

6. The construction is simple, the construction cost is low, the construction is natural, the materials can be obtained locally, the agricultural wastes are utilized, the environment is harmless and pollution-free, and a new way is provided for the resource utilization of the waste gas.

7. The animal and plant fibers can be degraded within 3 to 5 years (can last for 3 to 5 years).

8. Can promote the rapid recovery of grassland vegetation by being matched with the reseeding of suitable plants.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a picture of a finished product of the biomass water retention brick prepared in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the recovery of grass in example 2, wherein the control zone is on the left and the test zone is on the right.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of the recovery of grass in example 3, wherein the control zone is on the left and the test zone is on the right.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting in any way. The operations and reagents, etc., which are not mentioned in the present invention are common techniques in the art.

Example 1 preparation of a Biomass Water-retaining brick

(b) grinding chestnut calcareous soil, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to remove large particles for later use;

(c) crushing crop straws to 10cm for later use;

(d) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potato residue, 30 parts of chestnut calcareous soil treated in the step (b), 50 parts of corn straw treated in the step (c) and 5 parts of corn polysaccharide;

(f) and pressing the mixed slurry into a long brick shape by using a machine, drying, and curing to obtain the biomass water retention brick with the length of 25cm, the width of 2cm and the height of 3 cm. (as shown in fig. 1).

Example 2 restoration of severely salinized grassland

The saline-alkali patches of the natural grassland deteriorated grassland bare land in the north-China management area of Zhangjiakou city are taken as research objects, the test treatment combination adopts a random block group design, a control group is used for reseeding the pasture grass (the elymus pratense and the mally), a test group is used for paving biomass water retention bricks and reseeding the pasture grass (the elymus prae and the mally), each zone is not less than 1m × 1m, and each treatment is repeated for 4 times.

Table 1:

treatment of	Grass emergence rate (%)	Survival rate of pasture (%)	Plant height (cm)	Biomass (g)
					Control	13.1±2.11a	17.9±3.12b	7.0±0.38b	1.7±0.33b
Biomass water-retaining brick	14.6±1.41a	30.6±2.86a	11.2±0.58a	5.6±0.77a

And (4) surface note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate that the difference between different treatments reached a significant level (P <0.05)

As can be seen from Table 1, after the biomass water retention bricks are paved, the survival rate of the pasture in the test area is improved by 41.5%, the plant height is higher than that of the control by more than 4cm, and the biomass is improved by more than 3 times than that of the control.

The soil property improvement was tested and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

Table 2: influence of biomass water retention bricks on soil salt content (%)

Treatment of	0-5cm	5-10cm	10-20cm
				Control	0.64±0.11a	0.73±0.13a	0.94±0.11a
Biomass water-retaining brick	0.35±0.03b	0.45±0.03b	0.74±0.05b

As can be seen from Table 2, under a soil layer of 0-10cm, the salt content of the biomass water-retaining bricks paved in the furrows is obviously reduced by nearly half compared with a contrast, and the soil layer of 0-5cm is reduced to be less than 0.4%; in a soil layer of 10-20cm, the salt content of the laid biomass water-retention bricks is reduced by 0.2 unit compared with a control.

Table 3: influence of biomass water-retaining brick on soil humidity (%)

As can be seen from table 3, in 7 months, the soil humidity between the biomass water retention brick and the control has no significant difference, but also has a tendency of increasing; in 8 months, the soil humidity of a 0-5cm soil layer paved with the biomass water retention bricks is improved by 7.6 percent compared with a contrast, the soil humidity of a 5-10cm soil layer is improved by 4.7 percent compared with the contrast, and the soil humidity of a 10-20cm soil layer is improved by 2.9 percent although no obvious difference exists.

Example 3 Severe desertification lawn restoration

Taking background desertification lands (vegetation coverage is less than 5%) of mountain project areas of an imperial road intersection garden in a Chengde fence county as research objects, adopting a random block combination design for test treatment, namely, facing towards groups to form additional planting pastures (elymus and wheatgrass), laying biomass water-retaining bricks and additional planting pastures (elymus and wheatgrass), wherein each zone is not less than 2m × 2m, and repeating each treatment for 6 times.

Table 4:

treatment of	Rate of emergence (%)	Survival rate (%)	Plant height (cm)
				Control	9.0±1.18b	20.1±3.5b	7.0±0.19b
Biomass water-retaining brick	17.3±1.88a	48.0±2.4a	11.7±0.49a

As can be seen from Table 4, the emergence rate and the survival rate of the laid biomass water-retaining bricks are respectively improved by nearly 1 time compared with the contrast, the plant height is improved by 4.7cm compared with the contrast, and the effect is obvious.

The soil property improvement was tested and the results are shown in table 5.

Table 5: influence of biomass water-retaining brick on soil humidity (%)

From table 5, it can be seen that the soil water content of the 0-20cm soil layer was significantly improved by laying the bio-bricks. In 6 months, the biomass water retention bricks are paved under a 0-5cm soil layer, and the percentage is improved by 4.4 compared with the contrast; the soil layer of 5-10cm is improved by 6.1 percent compared with the contrast; the soil layer of 10-20cm is improved by 5.6 percentage points compared with the contrast. In 7 months, the soil layers of 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm are respectively improved by 6.2 percent, 8.1 percent and 10.2 percent compared with the control. At 8 months, the soil layers of 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm are respectively improved by 6.2 percent, 6.9 percent and 7.7 percent compared with the contrast.

Claims

1. A biomass water retention brick is characterized by being prepared by the following method:

(c) crushing crop straws to 1-2cm for later use;

(d) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of potato residue, 25 parts of soil or sandy soil treated in the step (b), 50-55 parts of animal and plant fibers or 50-55 parts of crop straws treated in the step (c) and 5 parts of polysaccharide;

2. The biomass water retention brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (a), the potatoes are potato leftovers in industrial processing or potato raw materials with low grade quality.

3. The biomass water retention brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (c), the crop stalks are one or more of wheat stalks, corn stalks, rice straws, potato stalks, naked oats stalks and natural pasture grasses.

4. The biomass water retention brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (d), the animal and plant fibers are one or more of wool fibers, crop straws and other plant fibers.

5. The biomass water retention brick according to claim 1, wherein in step (d), the polysaccharide is corn polysaccharide.

6. The biomass water retention brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (e), the water addition amount is 40-50% of the total mass of the raw materials.

7. The biomass water-retention brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (f), the biomass water-retention brick has a length of 25cm, a width of 2-5cm and a height of 3-5cm, and is cured under the condition that the biomass water-retention brick is taken down from a mold, placed in a cool and shady place for ventilation and drying for 3-5 days, then turned over and continuously dried in the shade, and the biomass water-retention brick is obtained after being completely dried.

8. Use of the biomass water retention brick according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the rehabilitation of severely degraded grasslands, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(a) ploughing the heavily deteriorated grassland to form ridges and furrows;

(b) continuously paving the biomass water-retention bricks in the furrows;

(c) and (5) reseeding the selected pasture.

9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the heavily deteriorated grassland refers to heavily deteriorated saline grassland or sandy grassland, and for the heavily deteriorated sandy grassland, the sandy grassland is struggled with furrows every 25-30cm, the furrows having a depth of 8-12 cm.