CN111494741A - Artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation - Google Patents
Artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111494741A CN111494741A CN202010449330.4A CN202010449330A CN111494741A CN 111494741 A CN111494741 A CN 111494741A CN 202010449330 A CN202010449330 A CN 202010449330A CN 111494741 A CN111494741 A CN 111494741A
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- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1629—Constructional aspects thereof with integral heat exchanger
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1623—Disposition or location of membranes relative to fluids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, and discloses an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, which comprises an artificial blood, a heat exchange device, a ventilation device and a flow guide device. Artificial blood includes perfluorocarbons; the heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange shell and a heat exchange tube bundle, a first artificial blood flow channel is arranged in the tube bundle, a first integral external blood flow channel is arranged outside the tube bundle, and the first integral external blood flow channel is communicated with the venous blood vessel of a patient; the air interchanger comprises an annular hollow air interchanging shell and a hollow exchange membrane, the air interchanging shell is sleeved outside the heat exchanging shell, the hollow exchange membrane is arranged in the air interchanging shell, a second artificial blood flow passage is arranged in the membrane, and a second extracorporeal blood flow passage is arranged outside the membrane and communicated with the arterial blood vessel of the patient; the flow guide device is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow passage and the second extracorporeal blood flow passage. The invention forms liquid-liquid exchange interfaces on two sides of the hollow exchange membrane, has no air embolism problem, small interface tension gradient, reduces interface coagulation, avoids membrane thrombosis, integrates the air interchanger and the heat exchange device into a whole, and has reasonable flow passage design and compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation.
Background
The respiratory system is critically ill such as acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the like, the condition is critically ill, the death rate is high, and the life of a patient is seriously threatened. Mechanical ventilation is a mechanical aid or alternative to spontaneous breathing for such patients, but such treatment often has side effects, such as ventilation-related lung injury. Some of the adverse consequences of mechanical ventilation can be addressed by the extracorporeal circulation system. The extracorporeal circulation system targets extracorporeal circulation blood oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal circulation carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2R).
The extracorporeal circulation systems of the prior art typically rely on the use of gas exchange membranes. Specifically, the exchange membrane separates the extracorporeal circulation blood from the air chamber, a blood (liquid) -gas exchange interface is constructed on two sides of the exchange membrane, carbon dioxide in the extracorporeal circulation blood passes through the exchange membrane and is dispersed into the air chamber, and meanwhile, oxygen in the air chamber passes through the exchange membrane and is dispersed into the extracorporeal circulation blood. However, the use of such a liquid-gas exchange interface is prone to clotting at the interface, a serious condition of membrane thrombosis, and the necessity of preventing gas from entering the extracorporeal circulating blood and causing possible gas embolism.
Furthermore, the existing extracorporeal circulation system is provided with a temperature changing device for heating extracorporeal circulation blood besides a ventilation device for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, the ventilation device and the temperature changing device are independently designed, a flow path of the whole system consists of a blood path, a gas path and a water path, the structural design difficulty is high, the production process is complex, the leakage phenomenon caused by poor sealing is easy to occur, the use is inconvenient, and the safety is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial lung with extracorporeal circulation, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of membrane thrombus, has good ventilation effect and compact structure, and has the advantages of no air passage arrangement and simple design.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
there is provided an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, comprising:
artificial blood comprising perfluorocarbons;
the heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange shell and a heat exchange tube bundle arranged in the heat exchange shell, a first artificial blood flow channel is arranged in the heat exchange tube bundle, a first integral external blood flow channel is arranged outside the heat exchange tube bundle, and the first integral external blood flow channel is configured to be communicated with venous blood vessels of a patient;
the ventilation device comprises an annular hollow ventilation shell and a hollow exchange membrane, the ventilation shell is sleeved outside the heat exchange shell, the hollow exchange membrane is arranged in the ventilation shell, a second artificial blood flow channel is arranged in the hollow exchange membrane, a second extracorporeal blood flow channel is arranged outside the hollow exchange membrane, and the second extracorporeal blood flow channel is configured to be communicated with an arterial blood vessel of a patient;
the flow guide device is arranged in the heat exchange shell and is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow channel and the second extracorporeal blood flow channel.
As a preferable embodiment of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, further comprising:
the upper cover is covered above the heat exchange device and the ventilation device, an artificial blood liquid inlet cavity is formed by the upper cover and the upper ends of the heat exchange device and the ventilation device, an artificial blood inlet channel is arranged on the upper cover, and the artificial blood liquid inlet cavity is communicated with the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel;
the blood collection device is arranged below the heat exchange device, a blood inlet of the blood collection device is configured to be communicated with a venous blood vessel of a patient, and a blood outlet of the blood collection device is communicated with the first body external blood flow channel.
As a preferable scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the blood collection device includes a collection chamber and a blood inlet channel which are communicated, one end of the blood inlet channel, which is far away from the collection chamber, is the blood inlet, the ventilation housing is connected with a blood outlet channel, the blood outlet channel is communicated with the second extracorporeal blood flow channel and the arterial blood vessel of the patient, and the blood inlet channel and the blood outlet channel are arranged in parallel.
As a preferable scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the artificial lung further comprises an artificial blood collecting device, the artificial blood collecting device is arranged below the heat exchanging device and the air exchanging device, the artificial blood collecting device comprises a liquid collecting cavity, the liquid collecting cavity is communicated with the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel, the artificial blood collecting device further comprises an artificial blood outlet channel communicated with the liquid collecting cavity, and the artificial blood outlet channel and the artificial blood inlet channel are arranged in parallel and have opposite flowing directions.
As a preferable mode of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the liquid collecting chamber includes a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber, the first chamber is communicated with the first artificial blood flow passage, the second chamber is communicated with the second artificial blood flow passage, the third chamber is simultaneously communicated with the first chamber and the second chamber, and the artificial blood outlet passage is disposed on the third chamber.
As a preferable mode of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the hollow exchange membrane is a hollow fiber membrane.
As a preferable scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the ventilation shell includes a first tube and a second tube, the first tube is sleeved outside the second tube at an interval, an interval region is formed between the first tube and the second tube, the upper end and the lower end of the interval region are both plugged with a potting material layer, the first tube, the second tube and the potting material layer form a ventilation cavity, and the hollow exchange membrane is disposed in the ventilation cavity.
As a preferred scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the flow guiding device is of a hollow structure, the flow guiding device comprises an internal flow guiding cavity, and a first flow guiding hole and a second flow guiding hole which are communicated with the flow guiding cavity, the first flow guiding hole is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow passage, the second flow guiding hole penetrates through the heat exchange shell, a flow guiding groove is arranged on the second cylinder, one end of the flow guiding groove is communicated with the second flow guiding hole, and the other end of the flow guiding groove is communicated with the second extracorporeal blood flow passage of the heat exchange cavity.
As a preferable scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, the artificial lung further comprises a catheter, wherein one end of the catheter is communicated with the blood outlet of the blood collection device, and the other end of the catheter extends into the heat exchange shell and is communicated with the first body external blood flow channel.
As a preferable scheme of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, a first temperature measuring port is arranged on the artificial blood inlet channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a second temperature measuring port is arranged on the blood collecting device; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a third temperature measuring port is arranged on the blood outlet channel; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and a fourth temperature measuring port is arranged on the artificial blood outlet channel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, extracorporeal blood flowing out of a venous blood vessel of a patient flows into the first extracorporeal blood flow channel of the heat exchange device and exchanges heat with artificial blood in the first artificial blood flow channel in the heat exchange device, so that the extracorporeal blood is heated. The heated extracorporeal blood is guided to a second extracorporeal blood flow channel of the ventilation device by the guide device, and under the action of concentration difference at two sides of the hollow exchange membrane, carbon dioxide in the extracorporeal blood passes through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane to be dispersed into the hollow exchange membrane and is dissolved in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow channel. Meanwhile, oxygen in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow passage passes through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane to be dispersed to the second extracorporeal blood flow passage and is combined with hemoglobin in the extracorporeal blood. The extracorporeal blood after being removed by carbon dioxide and oxygenated flows into the arterial blood vessel of the patient through the second extracorporeal blood flow passage to complete the first circulation of the extracorporeal blood.
In the embodiment, the artificial blood is adopted to remove and oxygenate carbon dioxide of the extracorporeal blood, and the solubility and dispersion speed of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen in the artificial blood are very high, so that the exchange efficiency of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen is improved, namely the circulating filtration effect of the extracorporeal blood is improved, the treatment efficiency is high, and the treatment effect is good. The artificial blood is adopted to realize the removal and oxygenation of carbon dioxide of extracorporeal blood, and liquid-liquid exchange interfaces are formed on two sides of the hollow exchange membrane. Furthermore, the air interchanger is sleeved outside the heat exchange device and integrated into a whole, the external blood enters the second external blood channel of the air interchanger through the flow guide device after heat exchange in the first external blood channel of the heat exchange device, and finally flows back to the body of a patient, the flow channel is reasonable in design and compact in structure, and the whole device is free of air passage and simple in design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first cartridge of an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second canister for an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second cartridge of an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a heat exchange device; 2-a ventilation device; 3-a flow guide device; 4, covering the upper cover; 5-a blood collection device; 6-artificial blood collection device; 7-a catheter; 8-a connecting part;
11-a heat exchange shell;
111-a second top cover; 112-a second bottom cover; 113-a second cylinder wall;
1121-outflow holes;
21-a ventilation shell; 22-hollow exchange membranes; 23-a layer of potting material;
211-a first cartridge; 212-a second cartridge;
2111-first flange; 2112-second flange; 2113-blood outlet channel;
2121-a first cap; 2122-first cylinder wall; 2123-an injection hole; 2124-flow guide grooves; 31-a flow guide cavity; 32-first flow guide holes; 33-second flow guide holes;
41-artificial blood feeding cavity; 42-artificial blood inlet channel;
51-a collection chamber; 52-blood inlet channel;
61-a liquid collection cavity; 62-artificial blood outlet channel;
611-a first chamber; 612-a second chamber; 613-third chamber;
6111-a first via; 6121-second communicating hole;
71-third communication hole;
a-a first temperature measuring port; b-a second temperature measuring port; c-a third temperature measuring port; d-a fourth temperature measuring port.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection or a removable connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides an artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, which includes an artificial blood and heat exchange device 1, a ventilation device 2 and a flow guide device 3, and has high integration and a compact structure.
Specifically, the artificial blood includes perfluorocarbons, i.e., an emulsion of the artificial blood which is perfluorocarbons. Perfluorocarbons act like the hemoglobin-carrying body blood, and can rapidly, massively and reversibly absorb and release oxygen and carbon dioxide, transporting gases with the circulation of the artificial blood. As perfluorocarbons, perfluorotributylamine, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluorodecalin and the like are usually used.
The heat exchange device 1 comprises a heat exchange shell 11 and a heat exchange tube bundle (not shown) arranged in the heat exchange shell 11. The heat exchange tube bundle is internally provided with a first artificial blood flow passage for artificial blood circulation. The artificial blood flowing into the first artificial blood flow passage is heated and oxygen-enriched in advance. External to the heat exchange tube bundle is a first extracorporeal blood flow passage through which extracorporeal blood flows, the first extracorporeal blood flow passage being configured to communicate with a venous blood vessel of a patient.
The ventilation device 2 includes a ventilation housing 21 and a hollow exchange membrane 22. The air exchange shell 21 is a ring hollow structure, and is sleeved outside the heat exchange shell 11 at a spacing. The inside of the annular ventilation shell 21 is a ventilation cavity, and the hollow exchange membrane 22 is arranged in the ventilation cavity. A second artificial blood flow channel is formed inside the hollow exchange membrane 22, and a second extracorporeal blood flow channel is formed outside the hollow exchange membrane 22 and is configured to communicate with an arterial blood vessel of the patient.
The flow guiding device 3 is arranged in the heat exchange shell 11, and the flow guiding device 3 is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow channel and the second extracorporeal blood flow channel.
The extracorporeal blood flowing out of the venous blood vessel of the patient flows into the first extracorporeal blood flow channel of the heat exchange device 1, and exchanges heat with the artificial blood (which is heated and subjected to oxygen enrichment treatment in advance) in the first artificial blood flow channel in the heat exchange device 1, so that the extracorporeal blood is heated. The heated extracorporeal blood is guided to the second extracorporeal blood flow channel of the ventilation device 2 by the guide device 3, and under the action of the concentration difference at the two sides of the hollow exchange membrane 22, carbon dioxide in the extracorporeal blood passes through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane 22 and is dispersed into the hollow exchange membrane 22 and dissolved in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow channel. Meanwhile, oxygen in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow passage diffuses to the second extracorporeal blood flow passage through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane 22 and combines with hemoglobin in the extracorporeal blood. The extracorporeal blood after being removed by carbon dioxide and oxygenated flows into the arterial blood vessel of the patient through the second extracorporeal blood flow passage to complete the first circulation of the extracorporeal blood.
In the embodiment, the artificial blood is adopted to remove and oxygenate carbon dioxide of the extracorporeal blood, and the solubility and dispersion speed of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen in the artificial blood are very high, so that the exchange efficiency of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen is improved, namely the circulating filtration effect of the extracorporeal blood is improved, the treatment efficiency is high, and the treatment effect is good. The artificial blood is adopted to realize the removal and oxygenation of carbon dioxide of extracorporeal blood, and liquid-liquid exchange interfaces are formed on two sides of the hollow exchange membrane 22, compared with the existing gas-liquid exchange interfaces, the embodiment has the advantages of no air embolism problem, small interface tension gradient, reduction of interfacial coagulation, prevention of membrane thrombosis and improvement of the service life of the device. Furthermore, the air interchanger 2 is sleeved outside the heat exchanging device 1 and integrated into a whole, external blood enters a second external blood flow channel of the air interchanger 2 through the flow guiding device 3 after heat exchange in the first external blood flow channel of the heat exchanging device 1 and enters the second external blood flow channel for air interchange, and finally flows back to the body of a patient.
It is to be noted that small amounts of perfluorocarbons into the human body have proven to be harmless and metabolizable, i.e. the use of artificial blood for carbon dioxide removal and oxygenation of extracorporeal blood is safe and reliable.
The hollow exchange membrane 22 is preferably a hollow fiber membrane. The hollow fiber membrane includes a plurality of porous hollow fiber bundles, and has good permeability. The hollow fiber bundle is divided into a first hollow fiber bundle and a second hollow fiber bundle. The plurality of first hollow fiber bundles form a first fiber bundle layer, and the plurality of second hollow fiber bundles form a second fiber bundle layer. The first fiber bundle layers and the second fiber bundle layers are alternately arranged in the ventilation cavity around the circumference of the heat exchange shell 11. Wherein the first hollow fiber bundle is spiraled in a first direction and the second hollow fiber bundle is spiraled in a second direction opposite to the first direction. Illustratively, the helix angle of the first and second hollow fiber bundles is from 20 ° to 80 °.
Further, the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation further includes an upper cover 4. The upper cover 4 is preferably arranged above the heat exchange device 1 and the ventilation device 2 in a covering mode, an artificial blood liquid inlet cavity 41 is formed by the upper cover 4 and the upper ends of the heat exchange device 1 and the ventilation device 2, the artificial blood liquid inlet cavity 41 is communicated with the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel, and an artificial blood inlet channel 42 is arranged on the upper cover 4. The artificial blood enters the artificial blood inlet cavity 41 through the artificial blood inlet channel 42 of the upper cover 4, and then flows into the first artificial blood flow passage of the heat exchanging device 1 and the second artificial blood flow passage of the ventilation device 2, respectively.
In this embodiment, the artificial blood inlet chamber 41 is simultaneously communicated with the first artificial blood flow passage and the second artificial blood flow passage, so that the heat exchange device 1 and the heat exchange device 2 can be simultaneously infused with blood by one operation, and the artificial blood inlet chamber is compact in structure and convenient to operate. Furthermore, the artificial blood is injected from the upper part of the heat exchange device 1 and the upper part of the ventilation device 2, and can flow more smoothly in the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel from top to bottom under the action of gravity, so that the artificial blood can well fill the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel, and the heat exchange efficiency and the ventilation efficiency are improved.
The artificial blood inlet channel 42 of the upper cover 4 is provided with a first temperature measuring port a for monitoring the initial temperature of the artificial blood in real time.
Preferably, the upper end of the heat exchange shell 21 is circumferentially provided with a first flange 2111, the edge of the upper cover 4 is circumferentially provided with a first mounting groove corresponding to the first flange 2111, and the first flange 2111 is clamped in the first mounting groove, so that the sealing performance of the joint of the upper cover 4 and the heat exchange shell 11 is improved. The upper cover 4 is preferably made of a material having good biocompatibility such as polycarbonate. The upper cover 4 and the first flange 2111 of the ventilation housing 21 may be further sealed with a sealing member. The sealing member may be rubber, silicone or a material with good biocompatibility.
The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation further comprises a blood collection device 5. The blood collection device 5 is preferably arranged below the heat exchange device 1. The blood inlet of the blood collection device 5 is configured to communicate with a venous blood vessel of the patient, and the blood outlet of the blood collection device 5 communicates with the first extracorporeal blood flow path. The external blood flowing out of the patient body enters the first external blood flow channel from the lower part, the flow direction of the external blood is opposite to that of the artificial blood in the first artificial blood flow channel, and the heat exchange effect is good.
Illustratively, the blood collection device 5 includes a collection chamber 51 and a blood inlet channel 52 in communication, and the end of the blood inlet channel 52 remote from the collection chamber 51 is the blood inlet. Extracorporeal blood flowing from the patient flows into the collection chamber 51 through the blood inlet passage 52. The blood collection device 5 is also provided with a second temperature measuring port b for monitoring the initial temperature of the extracorporeal blood.
The guiding device 3 is arranged on the upper part of the heat exchange shell 11, the heated extracorporeal blood flows into the guiding device 3 from the upper part of the first extracorporeal blood flow passage and further enters the second extracorporeal blood flow passage of the ventilation device 2, and the extracorporeal blood flows through the second extracorporeal blood flow passage from top to bottom, namely the flow directions of the extracorporeal blood and the artificial blood in the ventilation device 2 are the same.
A blood outlet passage 2113 is connected to the bottom of the ventilation housing 21, the blood outlet passage 2113 communicating with the second extracorporeal blood flow path and the arterial blood vessel of the patient. After the extracorporeal blood in the second extracorporeal blood flow passage and the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow passage are exchanged, the extracorporeal blood flows out of the ventilation device 2 through the blood outlet passage 2113 and finally enters the patient. The blood outlet channel 2113 is provided with a third temperature measuring port c, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the temperature of the extracorporeal blood output by the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation.
In this embodiment, the blood inlet channel 52 and the blood outlet channel 2113 are arranged in parallel, so as to reduce the flow resistance of the extracorporeal blood and ensure the smooth circulation of the extracorporeal blood in the heat exchange device 1 and the ventilation device 2.
It should be further noted that the artificial blood flowing into the artificial blood inlet chamber 41 is heated and oxygen-enriched, and then flows into the first artificial blood flow channel of the heat exchanging device 1 and the second artificial blood flow channel of the air exchanging device 2, that is, the artificial blood sources of the heat exchanging device 1 and the air exchanging device 2 are the same, the first heat exchange of the extracorporeal blood is completed in the heat exchanging device 1, and then the second heat exchange is performed while the air exchanging is performed in the air exchanging device 2, so as to ensure the heating effect and the gas exchanging efficiency of the extracorporeal blood.
The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation further comprises an artificial blood collecting device 6. The artificial blood collecting device 6 is provided below the heat exchanger 1 and the ventilator 2. The artificial blood collecting device 6 comprises a liquid collecting cavity 61, and the liquid collecting cavity 61 is communicated with the bottoms of the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel and is used for collecting artificial blood after heat exchange and artificial blood after ventilation. The artificial blood collecting device 6 further comprises an artificial blood outlet channel 62 communicating with the liquid collecting chamber 61. The heat-exchanged artificial blood and the ventilated artificial blood flow into the liquid collecting chamber 61 and finally flow into the artificial blood recovering device (not shown) through the artificial blood outlet channel 62. The recovered artificial blood releases carbon dioxide, absorbs oxygen and changes temperature, and then can continue to participate in the next extracorporeal circulation.
In this embodiment, the artificial blood outlet channel 62 and the artificial blood inlet channel 42 are disposed in parallel and have opposite flow directions, so as to ensure that the first artificial blood flow channel of the heat exchanging device 1 and the second artificial blood flow channel of the heat exchanging device 2 can be filled with artificial blood and flow smoothly.
Illustratively, the liquid collection chamber 61 includes a first chamber 611, a second chamber 612, and a third chamber 613. The first chamber 611 is disposed below the heat exchange shell 11 and is communicated with the first artificial blood flow passage. The second chamber 612 is sleeved outside the first chamber 611, and the second chamber 612 is communicated with the second artificial blood flow passage. That is, the first chamber 611 and the second chamber 612 are disposed in the same manner as the heat exchange shell 11 and the ventilation shell 21. The third chamber 613 is disposed at the bottom of the first and second chambers 611 and 612, the third chamber 613 is communicated with the first and second chambers 611 and 612, and the artificial blood outlet passage 62 is disposed on the third chamber 613. The artificial blood after heat exchange flows into the first chamber 611, the artificial blood after ventilation flows into the second chamber 612, and the artificial blood in the first chamber 611 and the second chamber 612 flows into the third chamber 613 and finally flows into the artificial blood collecting device.
Of course, in other embodiments, the third chamber 613 may not be provided, and the first chamber 611 and the second chamber 612 may be opened.
The artificial blood outlet passage 62 is provided with a fourth temperature measuring port d for measuring the outflow temperature of the artificial blood.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 4 and 5, the ventilation housing 21 is an annular hollow structure, and includes a first tube 211 and a second tube 212, and the first tube 211 is sleeved outside the second tube 212 at an interval. The first tube 211 has an open structure at the upper and lower ends, and the first flange 2111 is disposed at the upper end of the first tube 211 in the circumferential direction. The second cylinder 212 has a closed upper end and an open lower end. A spacing region is formed between the first barrel 211 and the second barrel 212. The upper end and the lower end of the interval area are respectively blocked with a filling and sealing material layer 23 to form a ventilation cavity. The artificial blood flowing into the artificial blood inlet cavity 41 from the artificial blood inlet channel 42 of the upper cover 4 flows into the hollow exchange membrane 22 of the air exchange cavity through the potting material layer 23 at the upper end of the air exchange cavity. The artificial blood after ventilation flows into the second chamber 612 of the liquid collecting cavity 61 through the potting material layer 23 at the bottom end of the ventilation cavity. The encapsulating material layer 23 is a one-way permeable layer, and the sealing performance of the air exchange cavity is improved.
The second barrel 212 includes an upper first cap 2121 and a circumferential first barrel wall 2122.
The heat exchange shell 11 is a tubular structure with both closed upper and lower ends, and includes an upper second top cover 111, a lower second bottom cover 112, and a second tubular wall 113 connecting the second top cover 111 and the second bottom cover 112. The second tube 212 is disposed on the heat exchange shell 11, the first cover 2121 is disposed on the second cover 111, and the first tube wall 2122 is disposed on the second tube wall 113.
Further, the first cover 2121 has an injection hole 2123, and the injection hole 2123 penetrates the second cover 111. The second bottom cover 112 is provided with an outflow hole 1121. The artificial blood flowing into the artificial blood inlet cavity 41 from the artificial blood inlet channel 42 of the upper cover 4 flows into the heat exchange tube bundle of the heat exchange device 1 through the injection hole 2123 except for part of the artificial blood flowing into the heat exchange cavity.
The artificial blood flows through the first artificial blood flow channel in the heat exchange tube bundle, and then flows into the first chamber 611 through the outflow hole 1121 of the second bottom cover 112. The bottom wall of the first chamber 611 is provided with a first communication hole 6111, and the artificial blood in the first chamber 611 flows into the third chamber 613 through the first communication hole 6111. Similarly, the bottom wall of the second chamber 612 is provided with a second communication hole 6121, and the artificial blood in the second chamber 612 flows into the third chamber 613 through the second communication hole 6121.
The outer shell of the first chamber 611 is cylindrical and is connected to the bottom end of the heat exchange shell 11. The second chamber 612 is an annular inverted frustum shape, and is sleeved outside the first chamber 611 and connected to the bottom end of the first tube 211 of the ventilation housing 21. The bottom end of the first cylinder 211 is circumferentially provided with a second flange 2112, the upper end of the housing of the second chamber 612 is provided with a second mounting groove, and the second flange 2112 is clamped in the second mounting groove, so that the sealing performance of the second chamber 612 is improved. The third chamber 613 is cylindrical and is connected to the bottom end of the second chamber 612.
In this embodiment, a step is formed at the connection position of the heat exchange shell 11 and the outer wall of the first chamber 611, and the lower end of the second tube 212 of the air exchange shell 21 abuts against the step, so as to improve the sealing property of the air exchange chamber.
The heat exchange shell 11, the outer shell of the first chamber 611, the outer shell of the second chamber 612, and the outer shell of the third chamber 613 may be integrally formed, so as to improve the sealing performance, for example, by using a 3D printing technology. Of course, each structure can be formed by independently processing and then assembling, and the assembling position is coated with sealant or provided with a sealing strip and the like to improve the sealing property.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the flow guiding device 3 is disposed in the heat exchange shell 11, and the flow guiding device 3 is hollow and cylindrical and includes an inner flow guiding cavity 31 and a first flow guiding hole 32 and a second flow guiding hole 33 communicated with the flow guiding cavity 31. The first flow guiding hole 32 is communicated with the first body external blood flow passage in the heat exchange shell 11. The first flow guiding holes 32 are arranged along the side wall of the flow guiding device 3 at intervals, so that the extracorporeal blood after heat exchange can smoothly flow into the flow guiding cavity 31. The second guide holes 33 penetrate the second top cover 111 of the heat exchange shell 11 and extend to the first top cover 2121 of the second barrel 212 of the air exchange shell 21. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first cover 2121 is provided therein with a guide groove 2124, one end of the guide groove 2124 is communicated with the second guide hole 33, and the other end thereof penetrates through the first barrel wall 2122 of the second barrel 212 and is communicated with the second extracorporeal blood flow passage in the ventilation chamber. The extracorporeal blood after heat exchange flows into the flow guide cavity 31 through the first flow guide holes 32, then flows into the flow guide grooves 2124 through the second flow guide holes 33, and finally flows into the ventilation cavity through the flow guide grooves 2124.
In this embodiment, the flow guiding device 3 is disposed in the middle of the upper end of the heat exchange shell 11. The flow guide grooves 2124 extend along the radial direction of the second top cover 111, four flow guide grooves 2124 are provided, and the four flow guide grooves 2124 are sequentially arranged at 90 degrees to uniformly guide the extracorporeal blood into the ventilation cavity.
Further, the blood outlet of the blood collection device 5 is communicated with the bottom of the first external blood flow channel in the heat exchange device 1 through a conduit 7. Specifically, the conduit 7 has one end communicating with the blood outlet and the other end penetrating the third chamber 613 and the first chamber 611 and extending into the heat exchange shell 11. The catheter 7 is provided with a third communicating hole 71, and extracorporeal blood enters the first extracorporeal blood flow channel in the heat exchange shell 11 through the third communicating hole 71.
In this embodiment, the guide pipe 7 is connected to the flow guide device 3 through the connecting portion 8, so as to mount and position the flow guide device 3. In other embodiments, the connection portion 8 may not be provided, and the upper portion of the flow guide device 3 may be directly connected to the upper portion of the heat exchange shell 11.
The working process of the artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation of the present embodiment is roughly:
venous blood of a patient firstly flows into the blood collecting device 5, then flows into the first body external blood flow channel of the heat exchange device 1 through the catheter 7 and flows from bottom to top along the first body external blood flow channel. Meanwhile, the artificial blood which is heated and oxygen-enriched in advance flows into the artificial blood inlet cavity 41 through the artificial blood inlet channel 42 of the upper cover 4, and then is divided into two paths. One path of artificial blood flows into the hollow exchange membrane 22 of the air exchange cavity from the encapsulating material layer 23 on the upper part of the air exchange device 2 and flows from top to bottom in the first artificial blood flow channel. The other artificial blood flows into the heat exchange housing 11 through the injection hole 2123 of the first cap 2121 of the second tube 212 of the ventilator 2 and flows along the second artificial blood flow passage from top to bottom.
In the heat exchange housing 11, the extracorporeal blood in the first extracorporeal blood flow passage and the artificial blood in the first artificial blood flow passage flow in the reverse direction and exchange heat, so as to realize the primary heating of the extracorporeal blood. After the heat exchange is completed, the artificial blood in the first artificial blood flow passage flows into the first cavity 611, the extracorporeal blood in the first extracorporeal blood flow passage flows into the flow guide cavity 31 through the first flow guide hole 32 of the flow guide device 3, flows into the flow guide groove 2124 of the second top cover 111 of the second tube 212 of the ventilation housing 21 through the second flow guide hole 33, flows into the ventilation cavity of the ventilation housing 21 through the flow guide groove 2124, and enters the second extracorporeal blood flow passage.
In the ventilation housing 21, extracorporeal blood flows along a second extracorporeal blood flow path outside the hollow exchange membrane 22. Under the action of the concentration difference between the two sides of the hollow exchange membrane 22, carbon dioxide in the extracorporeal blood passes through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane 22 to be dispersed into the hollow exchange membrane 22, and is dissolved in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow channel. Meanwhile, oxygen in the artificial blood in the second artificial blood flow passage passes through the membrane wall of the hollow exchange membrane 22 to be dispersed to the second extracorporeal blood flow passage and is combined with hemoglobin in the extracorporeal blood, so that carbon dioxide removal and oxygenation of the extracorporeal blood are realized. Finally, the extracorporeal blood after ventilation exits through the blood outlet passage 2113 at the bottom of the ventilation housing 21 and enters the arterial vessel of the patient; simultaneously, the ventilated artificial blood flows into the second chamber 612.
The artificial blood in the first and second chambers 611 and 612 flows into the third chamber 613, and finally flows into the artificial blood recovery device through the artificial blood outlet passage 62 formed in the side wall of the third chamber 613.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation, comprising:
artificial blood comprising perfluorocarbons;
the heat exchange device (1) comprises a heat exchange shell (11) and a heat exchange tube bundle arranged in the heat exchange shell (11), wherein a first artificial blood flow channel is arranged in the heat exchange tube bundle, a first body external blood flow channel is arranged outside the heat exchange tube bundle, and the first body external blood flow channel is configured to be communicated with a venous blood vessel of a patient;
the ventilation device (2) comprises an annular hollow ventilation shell (21) and a hollow exchange membrane (22), the ventilation shell (21) is sleeved outside the heat exchange shell (11), the hollow exchange membrane (22) is arranged in the ventilation shell (21), a second artificial blood flow channel is arranged in the hollow exchange membrane (22), a second extracorporeal blood flow channel is arranged outside the hollow exchange membrane (22), and the second extracorporeal blood flow channel is configured to be communicated with an arterial blood vessel of a patient;
the flow guide device (3) is arranged in the heat exchange shell (11), and the flow guide device (3) is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow channel and the second extracorporeal blood flow channel.
2. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 1, further comprising:
the upper cover (4) is covered above the heat exchange device (1) and the ventilation device (2), an artificial blood liquid inlet cavity (41) is formed at the upper ends of the upper cover (4), the heat exchange device (1) and the ventilation device (2), an artificial blood inlet channel (42) is arranged on the upper cover (4), and the artificial blood liquid inlet cavity (41) is communicated with the first artificial blood flow channel and the second artificial blood flow channel;
the heat exchange device comprises a blood collection device (5), wherein the blood collection device (5) is arranged below the heat exchange device (1), a blood inlet of the blood collection device (5) is configured to be communicated with a vein of a patient, and a blood outlet of the blood collection device (5) is communicated with the first body external blood flow channel.
3. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 2, wherein the blood collection device (5) comprises a collection chamber (51) and a blood inlet channel (52) which are in communication, wherein the end of the blood inlet channel (52) remote from the collection chamber (51) is the blood inlet, wherein the ventilation housing (21) is connected with a blood outlet channel (2113), wherein the blood outlet channel (2113) communicates the second extracorporeal blood flow path with the arterial blood of the patient, and wherein the blood inlet channel (52) and the blood outlet channel (2113) are arranged in parallel.
4. An artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 3, further comprising an artificial blood collecting device (6), wherein the artificial blood collecting device (6) is disposed below the heat exchanging device (1) and the ventilation device (2), wherein the artificial blood collecting device (6) comprises a liquid collecting chamber (61), the liquid collecting chamber (61) is communicated with the first artificial blood flow passage and the second artificial blood flow passage, and wherein the artificial blood collecting device (6) further comprises an artificial blood outlet channel (62) communicated with the liquid collecting chamber (61), and wherein the artificial blood outlet channel (62) is disposed in parallel with the artificial blood inlet channel (42) and the flow direction is opposite to each other.
5. An artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 4, wherein the liquid collection chamber (61) comprises a first chamber (611), a second chamber (612) and a third chamber (613), the first chamber (611) communicating with the first artificial blood flow channel, the second chamber (612) communicating with the second artificial blood flow channel, the third chamber (613) communicating with both the first chamber (611) and the second chamber (612), the artificial blood outlet channel (62) being provided on the third chamber (613).
6. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 1, wherein the hollow exchange membrane (22) is a hollow fiber membrane.
7. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation housing (21) comprises a first tube (211) and a second tube (212), the first tube (211) is sleeved outside the second tube (212) at intervals, a separation region is formed between the first tube (211) and the second tube (212), the upper end and the lower end of the separation region are respectively sealed by a potting material layer (23), the first tube (211), the second tube (212) and the potting material layer (23) form a ventilation cavity, and the hollow exchange membrane (22) is disposed in the ventilation cavity.
8. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 7, wherein the flow guiding device (3) is a hollow structure, the flow guiding device (3) comprises an internal flow guiding cavity (31) and a first flow guiding hole (32) and a second flow guiding hole (33) which are communicated with the flow guiding cavity (31), the first flow guiding hole (32) is communicated with the first extracorporeal blood flow passage, the second flow guiding hole (33) penetrates through the heat exchange shell (11), the second tube (212) is provided with a flow guiding groove (2124), one end of the flow guiding groove (2124) is communicated with the second flow guiding hole (33), and the other end is communicated with the second extracorporeal blood flow passage of the air exchange cavity.
9. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 2, further comprising a conduit (7), wherein one end of the conduit (7) is in communication with the blood outlet of the blood collection device (5) and the other end extends into the heat exchange housing (11) and is in communication with the first extracorporeal blood flow path.
10. The artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation according to claim 4,
a first temperature measuring port (a) is arranged on the artificial blood inlet channel (42); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a second temperature measuring port (b) is arranged on the blood collecting device (5); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a third temperature measuring port (c) is arranged on the blood outlet channel (2113); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a fourth temperature measuring port (d) is arranged on the artificial blood outlet channel (62).
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| CN202010449330.4A CN111494741A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation |
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| CN202010449330.4A CN111494741A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Artificial lung for extracorporeal circulation |
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Effective date of registration: 20220708 Address after: 100089 0501, floor 5, building 4, yard 1, Wangzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant after: Beijing QingHan Medical Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100084 Tsinghua Yuan, Beijing, Haidian District Applicant before: TSINGHUA University Applicant before: Tianjin high end equipment Research Institute of Tsinghua University |