CN111492824A - Method for promoting seed development of shiny-leaved yellowhorn - Google Patents
Method for promoting seed development of shiny-leaved yellowhorn Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492824A CN111492824A CN202010257903.3A CN202010257903A CN111492824A CN 111492824 A CN111492824 A CN 111492824A CN 202010257903 A CN202010257903 A CN 202010257903A CN 111492824 A CN111492824 A CN 111492824A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting the seed development of shinyleaf yellowhorn, which comprises the following steps of carrying out thinning treatment in the initial flowering period, wherein the thinning strength is at least one of mild thinning, moderate thinning and severe thinning; the mild thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/3, and the moderate thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/2; the severe thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 2/3. The method disclosed by the invention researches the flower thinning time, flower thinning position and flower thinning strength suitable for the shiny-leaved yellowhorn, solves the technical problem that the existing numerous flower thinning treatment modes cannot achieve the effect of promoting the seed development of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn, and greatly promotes the fruit and seed development of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to the method disclosed by the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting, in particular to a method for improving the development of shiny-leaved yellowhorn fruits and seeds.
Background
Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge) belongs to Xanthoceras of Sapindaceae. It is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, has high ecological value. Also has the characteristics of early fruit setting and long full fruit period. The oil content of the kernel is as high as 67%, the oil can be used for preparing biodiesel, the biodiesel is an important biomass energy tree species in northern China, and the seed oil can be processed into high-grade edible oil, so that the health-care value is extremely high. The pericarp and the kernel also contain triterpenoid saponin, sterol and a plurality of phenolic substances, and have rich medicinal value. However, the problems of low proportion of male flowers and female flowers, low fruit setting rate, low yield and instability exist in the current production, so that the processing cost of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds is increased, and the development of related industries is limited.
In the production practice, flower thinning is often adopted to reduce the flowering quantity and save the nutrition of trees, thereby improving the fruit setting rate. Particularly, the flower thinning treatment of the tree species with low proportion of male flowers and female flowers can obviously improve the yield and the seed shape. For example, the main flower spike of longan is subjected to pinching treatment, and all the side flower spikes are cut short, so that the fruit setting rate is highest, and the yield increasing effect is obvious; in the bud stage, the yield increasing effect on thinned and weakened inflorescences and side flowers of Chinese kiwifruit is obvious; the cutting of all the flower spikes of Hainan A4 seedless litchis to about 3cm can shorten the flowering phase and increase the yield. The xanthoceras sorbifolia is mainly characterized in that the female energy flowers are distributed in the top inflorescence, and the male energy flowers are distributed in the side inflorescence, so that the female energy flowers are few, and the male energy flowers are many. Moreover, the female flowers have low fruit set percentage due to the fact that a large number of male flowers compete for nutrients. Therefore, in the actual production, the top inflorescence needs to be protected, and the lateral inflorescences need to be properly thinned, so that the flower thinning mode of fruit trees such as Hainan A4 seedless litchis, Chinese gooseberries, longan and the like cannot be directly used. Moreover, researches show that all male flowers are thinned and removed and all female flowers are reserved in the initial flowering period of the shinyleaf yellowhorn, or all male flowers are thinned and all female inflorescences are reserved, and the two treatments have no obvious influence on the fruit yield of the shinyleaf yellowhorn. Therefore, a suitable pattern thinning method for the shiny-leaved yellowhorn needs to be found. Moreover, after the excessive lateral inflorescences are removed, the nutrition supply is sufficient, the development of seeds is facilitated, the formation of large-grain seeds is promoted, the germination rate of the large-grain seeds is higher than that of medium-grain seeds, and the germinated seedlings are stronger due to more nutrition accumulation of the seeds (Guo Yan, Liu hong Jun, seed size and drought stress influence the growth of shinyleaf yellowhorn seedlings [ J ]. school of agriculture and forestry science and technology university in northwest (Nature science edition), 044(8):143 + 147.).
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for promoting the seed development of shinyleaf yellowhorn, and the method is used for researching the flower thinning time, the flower thinning position and the flower thinning strength which are suitable for shinyleaf yellowhorn so as to promote the fruit and seed development of shinyleaf yellowhorn.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a method for promoting seed development of xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge comprises thinning flowers at the initial flowering stage, wherein the intensity of the thinning flowers is at least one of mild thinning flowers, moderate thinning flowers and severe thinning flowers; the mild thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/3, and the moderate thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/2; the severe thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 2/3.
Further, the mild thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as the starting point and counts downwards, and one lateral inflorescence is thinned out from every three lateral inflorescences.
Further, the moderate thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as the starting point and counts downwards, and one side inflorescence is thinned out from every two side inflorescences.
Further, the heavy thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as the starting point and counts downwards, and two side inflorescences are thinned out from every three side inflorescences.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention finds a flower thinning mode suitable for shinyleaf yellowhorn, carries out mild lateral inflorescence thinning treatment in the initial flowering phase, can well improve the initial fruit setting rate and the final fruit setting rate, promotes fruit growth, promotes the formation of large-grain seeds, improves the oil content of kernels, and has important significance for the development of seed development and utilization industry.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the light thinning of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the intensity of the light thinning compared to the intensity of the other two thinning according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problems of low fruit setting rate and low seed yield of the shinyleaf yellowhorn caused by nutrition competition and further improve the seed yield and quality.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention has the following general idea: by researching the flowering time, the flowering position and the flowering intensity suitable for the shiny-leaved yellowhorn, the development of shiny-leaved yellowhorn fruits and seeds is promoted. Fully considering that the xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge has multiple-germination female energy flowers in the top inflorescence and multiple-germination male energy flowers in the side inflorescence, if the top inflorescence is thinned or cut short, the number of female flowers can be obviously reduced, so that the yield is reduced, therefore, the side inflorescence thinning treatment is carried out in the initial flowering period, and the intensity of thinning is at least one of light thinning, moderate thinning and severe thinning; the flanking inflorescences of 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 were thinned out, respectively, while the apical inflorescences were retained.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for promoting the seed development of shinyleaf yellowhorn, which is used for carrying out mild thinning treatment in the initial flowering period.
The initial stage is a stage in which the number of opened buds is about 10% of the total number of buds.
Referring to FIG. 1, wherein 1 is a terminal inflorescence, 2 is a lateral inflorescence, a branch of a xanthoceras sorbifolia fruit comprises a terminal inflorescence and a plurality of lateral inflorescences.
As shown in FIG. 2, the mild thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence thinned 1/3, specifically, one lateral inflorescence ③ is thinned out from every three lateral inflorescences counted downwards with the top inflorescence as a starting point, and all the top inflorescences are reserved.
The medium thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence which is thinned 1/2, specifically, a lateral inflorescence ② is thinned out from every two lateral inflorescences which take a top inflorescence as a starting point.
The severe thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence thinned 2/3, specifically, the lateral inflorescences are thinned downwards by taking a top inflorescence as a starting point, and two lateral inflorescences ② and ③ are thinned out in every three lateral inflorescences.
The specific examples and comparative examples were designed using a two-factor (factor a and factor B) fully randomized block trial:
factor A is thinning time, which is 3 levels, namely 14 days before blooming (4.4 ℃ is the biological zero degree of shiny-leaved yellowhorn, and the effective accumulated temperature is-213.4 ℃) at the moment, the initial blooming period (the number of blossoming buds accounts for about 10 percent of the total buds of the whole plant), and the full blooming period (the number of blossoming buds accounts for about 50 percent of the total buds of the whole plant);
factor B is thinning intensity, 3 levels total, with mild thinning (each thinning 1/3 lateral inflorescence), moderate thinning (each thinning 1/2 lateral inflorescence), and severe thinning (each thinning 2/3 lateral inflorescence), and treatment without thinning (CK) was set as a control.
70 single plants which are robust in growth and similar in tree body size are selected from the same clone, the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m × 1.5.5 m, the height of the trees is 1.51-2.00 m, the ground diameter is 3.93-5.18 cm, flower thinning treatment with three intensities is carried out 14 days before flowering, in the initial flowering period and in the full flowering period, 10 treatments are carried out in total by taking non-flower thinning as a control, each treatment is repeated for 7 times, and the single plant is repeated.
After the inflorescence is elongated, numbering each branch with the inflorescence, marking with a tag, thinning flowers 14 days before flowering, at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage, wherein the flower thinning modes with three strengths are shown in figure 2, and the inflorescence shown by a dotted line is the inflorescence to be thinned.
The number of fruits per shoot was counted 39d after flowering and the initial fruit set rate was calculated. And (4) finishing the growth fast growing period of 53d after blossom, measuring the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruits, maturing the fruits 80d after blossom, and harvesting all the fruits, wherein part of the fruits have the tendency of cracking. And (4) calculating the final fruit setting rate, and measuring the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit, the transverse diameter, the lateral diameter, the longitudinal diameter and the kernel oil content of the seed.
1. Influence of different flower thinning modes on fruit growth dynamics
The effect of thinning time, thinning intensity and their interaction on fruit growth dynamics is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of variance of influence of flowering time and intensity on transverse and longitudinal diameters of fruit
Note: indicates that the 0.01 level differed significantly; NS means no significant difference.
As can be seen from table 1, the interaction between flowering time and strength had a significant effect on the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruit at 53d post-anthesis and the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruit at 80d post-anthesis. Therefore, the thinning flower saves the nutrition of the tree body, and can obviously promote the growth and development of the fruit in the growth and development period of the fruit.
As shown in table 2 (divided into tables 2-1 and 2-2), the fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters at 10% flowering, 53d after flowering and 80d after flowering were the largest and were significantly different from the control, i.e., non-flowering treatment (CK), and it was concluded that the treatment of light thinning at 10% flowering significantly promoted the growth of the fruit during the growth and development of the fruit, which was the most suitable treatment.
TABLE 2-1 Effect of the interaction of flowering time and intensity on post-anthesis 53d fruit size
Note: the difference of letters indicates that the difference between treatments is remarkable, and P is less than or equal to 0.05.
TABLE 2-2 Effect of the interaction of flowering time and intensity on post-anthesis 80d fruit size
Note: the difference of letters indicates that the difference between treatments is remarkable, and P is less than or equal to 0.05.
2. Influence of different thinning patterns on fruit setting rate
Table 3 is an analysis of variance of the thinning time and intensity versus initial and final fruit set rates, from which it can be seen that only the thinning time has a significant effect on the initial and final fruit set rates.
TABLE 3 analysis of variance of the impact of thinning time and thinning intensity on fruit set percentage
Note: indicates that the 0.05 level was significantly different; NS means no significant difference.
Table 4 is an analysis of variance of the effect of thinning time on initial and final fruit set rates. As can be seen from the table, the initial and final fruit set rates for 10% of flowering were maximum and significantly different from the non-thinning treatment CK. Therefore, thinning at the initial flowering stage can increase the yield of xanthoceras sorbifolia compared to other thinning times.
TABLE 4 Effect of thinning time on initial and final fruit set percentage (%)
Note: the difference of letters indicates that the difference between treatments is remarkable, and P is less than or equal to 0.05.
3. Influence of different flower thinning modes on seed size and kernel oil content
Table 5 shows the effect of flowering time and intensity on seed size and kernel oil content. It can be seen from the table that the interaction effect of the thinning time and the thinning intensity has a significant influence on the transverse diameter, the lateral diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the seeds, has no significant influence on the kernel oil content, and the main effect of the thinning time has a significant influence on the kernel oil content.
TABLE 5 analysis of variance of the impact of flowering time and intensity on seed size and oil content
Note: indicates that the 0.01 level differed significantly; indicates that the 0.05 level was significantly different; NS means no significant difference.
Table 6 is an analysis of variance of the effect of the interaction between thinning time and thinning intensity on seed size, and the cross and side diameters of seeds were the largest at 10% flowering, slightly thinning, and the longitudinal diameters of seeds were the largest at 10% flowering and severely thinning, so it is considered that slightly thinning was the most effective for promoting seed growth at 10% flowering.
TABLE 6 influence of thinning time and thinning intensity on seed size (mm)
Note: the difference of letters indicates that the difference between treatments is remarkable, and P is less than or equal to 0.05.
As can be seen from Table 5, the effect of the flowering time alone on the oil content of the kernels was significantly influenced, and therefore, the variance analysis of the effect of the flowering time on the oil content of the kernels was performed, as shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 influence of flowering time on kernel oil content (%)
Note: the difference of letters indicates that the difference between treatments is remarkable, and P is less than or equal to 0.05.
As can be seen from table 7, since the oil content of the kernel with 10% flowering is significantly higher than that of the other treatments, the flower thinning can improve the fruit setting rate of xanthoceras sorbifolia, and the oil content of the kernel is the highest in the initial flowering period, which is the most suitable flower thinning period.
In the analysis, when the flower thinning time and the flower thinning intensity have interactive effects, only the interactive effects are analyzed, and the main effects are not analyzed (tables 2 and 6); when there was no interaction between the two, only the main effect was analyzed (table 4, table 7).
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for promoting the seed development of shiny-leaved yellowhorn is characterized in that: carrying out thinning treatment in the initial flowering period, wherein the thinning strength is at least one of light thinning, moderate thinning and severe thinning; the mild thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/3, and the moderate thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 1/2; the severe thinning flower is a lateral inflorescence of thinning 2/3.
2. The method for promoting the development of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds of claim 1, wherein: the mild thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as a starting point and counts downwards, and one lateral inflorescence is thinned out from every three lateral inflorescences.
3. The method for promoting the development of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds of claim 1, wherein: the moderate thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as the starting point and counts downwards, and one side inflorescence is thinned out from every two side inflorescences.
4. The method for promoting the development of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds of claim 1, wherein: the heavy thinning flower takes the top inflorescence as a starting point and counts downwards, and every three side inflorescences are thinned and removed with two side inflorescences.
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| CN109258270A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-25 | 颍上县博陵家庭农场 | A kind of apricot implantation methods |
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| CN109258270A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-25 | 颍上县博陵家庭农场 | A kind of apricot implantation methods |
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| 吴尚: "木本油料树种文冠果花果调控措施研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》 * |
| 焦武宾: "退耕地文冠果栽培管理技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
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