CN111484312A - 一种铸造用陶粒砂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铸造用陶粒砂及其制备方法,制备方法包括如下步骤:将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料;将由聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚醚硅油和水组成的浆料加入到粉煤灰混合粉料中研磨获得粉煤灰混合浆料;将粉煤灰混合浆料离心、干燥获得得陶粒砂生胚球;将陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min、在1000℃下烧结2h、在1200℃下烧结100min、在1300℃下烧结2h,然后自然冷却获得陶粒砂的球体。本发明提供的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法能够利用粉煤灰这种固体废弃物制备出陶粒砂具有圆度高、流动性好、颗粒分布可控、强度高和制备过程无粉尘的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及固体废物资源化利用技术领域,具体涉及一种铸造用陶粒砂及其制备方法。
背景技术
粉煤灰作为一种电厂废弃物,主要是磨细的煤粉在高温下燃烧后产生的,每消耗4吨煤就会产生1吨粉煤灰废弃物。据统计目前我国每年火力发电产生的粉煤灰为1亿吨,并且还在持续的增长。目前在我国已有20亿吨的堆积量,占用了大量的土地并且还污染了土壤。
目前在铸造行业,每年消耗大约4500~5000万吨的原砂,其中硅砂占95%左右。硅砂以其储量丰富、价格低廉、适用于大多数铸造生产条件的优点,在铸造行业中占有着重要的地位。但随着铸件质量的要求越来越高,铸造生产环境保护越来越严格。硅砂的不足之处也越来越凸显出来。在精密铸钢件生产过程中,因其熔点较低,膨胀系数大会导致铸件出现夹砂,精度低等缺陷。锆砂因其耐火度高,热膨胀系数的特点,适用于精密铸钢件生产,但存在来源少,价格昂贵等特点,难以实现在铸造行业中大量使用。陶粒砂以其优异的低膨胀性,能够克服传统铸造硅砂由于膨胀量大导致的脉纹等膨胀类缺陷的问题,并且陶粒砂的价格相对于锆砂较低。
专利CN 109734464 A提出了一种核壳结构铸造用陶粒砂及其制备方法,该专利中的糖衣法采用铝矾土与粉煤灰作为原料制备陶粒砂,能有效利用粉煤灰这种固体废弃物,同时既可以减少陶粒砂制备过程中细粉用量,又能够适用于各种铸造条件,但是,制造过程中有粉尘,制成的陶粒砂生胚球圆度不高,颗粒分布不可控,对于陶粒砂后期的应用会产生比较大的影响。比如陶粒砂用于铸造时,造成强度低,需要增加树脂的加入量,流动性不好等问题。
因此,如何利用粉煤灰这种固体废弃物制备出圆度高、颗粒分布可控和制备过程无粉尘的陶粒砂生胚球成为有待解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于目前利用粉煤灰制备陶粒砂存在的上述不足,本发明涉及一种铸造用陶粒砂及其制备方法,能够利用粉煤灰这种固体废弃物制备出陶粒砂生胚球的圆度高、颗粒分布可控和制备过程无粉尘的效果。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料;
将由聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚醚硅油和水组成的浆料加入到粉煤灰混合粉料中研磨获得粉煤灰混合浆料;
将粉煤灰混合浆料离心、干燥获得陶粒砂生胚球;
将陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min、在1000℃下烧结2h、在1200℃下烧结100min、在1300℃下烧结2h,然后自然冷却获得陶粒砂的球体。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料的过程中的研磨过程是在搅拌磨中进行的,研磨时间为4h,所述将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料的过程中的筛选过程是用1000目筛网进行筛选的。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述将由聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚醚硅油和水组成的浆料加入到粉煤灰混合粉料中研磨获得粉煤灰混合浆料的过程的研磨过程是在球磨机中进行的,研磨时间为3h。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述将粉煤灰混合浆料离心、干燥获得得陶粒砂生胚球的过程的离心、干燥过程是在离心喷雾干燥机中进行的,所述的陶粒砂生胚球通过振动筛筛选出粒径50~100目的陶粒砂生胚球。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述浆料的粘度为200-250mPa·S。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为17,所述聚乙烯醇的醇解度为99。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述粉煤灰混合浆料的温度为30-35℃,所述粉煤灰混合浆料在所述离心喷雾干燥机中的喷出速度2L/min,所述离心喷雾干燥机的离心盘转速为4000-4300转/分钟,所述离心喷雾干燥机中的陶粒砂生胚球的出口温度为100-110℃。
依照本发明的一个方面,所述粉煤灰中的氧化铝与二氧化硅的质量含量之和大于70%。
依照本发明的一个方面,铝钒土粉料为过325目筛网的粉末料,且氧化铝质量含量大于66%,二氧化硅质量含量大于25%。
依照本发明的一个方面,一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法制备的铸造用陶粒砂,由如下质量配比组成:粉煤灰50~70%、铝矾土粉料30~50%、聚乙烯醇0.1~0.2%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.0025~0.0075%和聚醚硅油0.0025~0.0075%。
本发明陶粒砂生胚球的形成原理:在离心喷雾干燥机中,热空气呈螺旋状均匀地进入离心喷雾干燥机的干燥室,粉煤灰混合浆料经离心喷雾干燥机的塔体顶部的高速离心雾化器(旋转)喷雾成极细微的雾状液珠,与热空气并流接触在极短的时间内可干燥为成品。
本申请的喷雾干燥法工艺与糖衣法工艺不同,所以在选择浆液配方时,需要考虑高效增粘,快速干燥和高粘结强度的特点。影响陶粒砂生胚球圆度的因素有:浆液固含量、粘结剂、分散剂、粘度、球磨时间。浆液固含量过高,表面不光滑,粒度偏大,气孔多;浆液固含量较低,粒度偏细。分散剂可以显著提高表面光滑程度,调节粒度分布为窄分布的正态分布。浆液粘度过高,表面不光滑,粒度偏大,气孔多;浆液粘度较低,粒度偏细。球磨时间越长,细度越高,生坯球的表面越光滑,但过长影响效率和成本。本申请采用的粘结剂为1799聚乙烯醇(PVA),PVA是一种水溶性高分子,具有较少加入量就可以显著提高浆液粘度的作用,水分烘干后,生坯强度比较高。与水、水玻璃的比较如下:
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明以固体废弃物粉煤灰为原料制备铸造用陶粒砂,充分利用粉煤灰的物理化学特性,能更多地利用粉煤灰,且产品附加值高;
2)本发明制备方法的环境好,无粉尘;
3)本发明制成的陶粒砂生胚球圆度高,颗粒分布可控;
4)本发明制备出陶粒砂的球体,可以作为壳核结构陶粒砂的核。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1制备的陶粒砂的球体的显微镜图;
图2为实施例1制备的陶粒砂生胚球的显微镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1,见图1至图2:
一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将粉煤灰(氧化铝和二氧化硅的质量和为78%)、铝矾土粉料(氧化铝质量为68%和二氧化硅质量为27%)按质量1:1加入搅拌磨中研磨4h,过1000目筛网后,得到粉煤灰混合粉料4kg;
2)将聚合度为17和醇解度为99的聚乙烯醇8g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.1g、聚醚硅油0.1g和水91.8g充分混合,得到粘度为250mPa·S的浆料100g;
3)将100g浆料加入到4kg粉煤灰混合粉料中,并在球磨机中研磨3h,得到粉煤灰混合浆料;
4)将粉煤灰混合浆料加入离心喷雾干燥机中,使粉煤灰混合浆料的温度控制在30-35℃,在喷出速度2L/min,离心盘转速4300转/分钟(电机频率5HZ),热空气温度280-300℃,出口温度100-110℃的条件下喷出、离心和干燥,得到陶粒砂生胚球;
5)将陶粒砂生胚球通过振动筛筛选出粒径为50~100目的陶粒砂生胚球;
6)将筛选出的陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min,1000℃下烧结2h,1200℃下烧结100min,1300℃下烧结2h,自然冷却,得到陶粒砂的球体。
本实施例中的粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料加入搅拌磨中研磨4h后的颗粒细度分别如下表1所示:
表1每种粒度点之前的累计含量
粒径点/um | 累计含量/% |
0.050 | 0.00 |
0.100 | 0.00 |
0.200 | 0.00 |
0.500 | 2.08 |
1.000 | 12.14 |
2.000 | 26.88 |
5.000 | 54.97 |
10.00 | 81.31 |
20.00 | 97.72 |
45.00 | 100.00 |
可根据需要筛选出不同粒径区间的颗粒。
将上述步骤制备的陶粒砂生胚球进行显微镜表征,结构如图2所示,从图中可以看出,制得的陶粒砂生胚球的圆度高,圆度高的陶粒砂生胚球经烧结后得到的陶粒砂球体同样圆度高,具体如图1所示。
实施例2:
一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将粉煤灰(氧化铝和二氧化硅的质量和为72%)、铝矾土粉料(氧化铝质量为67%和二氧化硅质量为28%)按质量6:4加入搅拌磨中研磨4h,过1000目筛网后,得到粉煤灰混合粉料4kg;
2)将聚合度为17和醇解度为99的聚乙烯醇6g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.2g、聚醚硅油0.3g和水93.5g充分混合,得到粘度为231mPa·S的浆料100g;
3)将100g浆料加入到4kg粉煤灰混合粉料中,并在球磨机中研磨3h,得到粉煤灰混合浆料;
4)将粉煤灰混合浆料加入离心喷雾干燥机中,使粉煤灰混合浆料的温度控制在30-35℃,在喷出速度2L/min,离心盘转速4200转/分钟(电机频率5HZ),热空气温度280-300℃,出口温度100-110℃的条件下喷出、离心和干燥,得到陶粒砂生胚球;
5)将陶粒砂生胚球通过振动筛筛选出粒径为50~100目的陶粒砂生胚球;
6)将筛选出的陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min,1000℃下烧结2h,1200℃下烧结100min,1300℃下烧结2h,自然冷却,得到陶粒砂的球体。
实施例3:
一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将粉煤灰(氧化铝和二氧化硅的质量和为72%)、铝矾土粉料(氧化铝质量为69%和二氧化硅质量为26%)按质量7:3加入搅拌磨中研磨4h,过1000目筛网后,得到粉煤灰混合粉料4kg;
2)将聚合度为17和醇解度为99的聚乙烯醇5g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.3g、聚醚硅油0.2g和水94.5g充分混合,得到粘度为200mPa·S的浆料100g;
3)将100g浆料加入到4kg粉煤灰混合粉料中,并在球磨机中研磨3h,得到粉煤灰混合浆料;
5)将粉煤灰混合浆料加入离心喷雾干燥机中,使粉煤灰混合浆料的温度控制在30-35℃,在喷出速度2L/min,离心盘转速4000转/分钟(电机频率5HZ),热空气温度280-300℃,出口温度100-110℃的条件下喷出、离心和干燥,得到陶粒砂生胚球;
6)将陶粒砂生胚球通过振动筛筛选出粒径为50~100目的陶粒砂生胚球;
7)将筛选出的陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min,1000℃下烧结2h,1200℃下烧结100min,1300℃下烧结2h,自然冷却,得到陶粒砂的球体。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域技术的技术人员在本发明公开的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料;
将由聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚醚硅油和水组成的浆料加入到粉煤灰混合粉料中研磨获得粉煤灰混合浆料;
将粉煤灰混合浆料离心、干燥获得陶粒砂生胚球;
将陶粒砂生胚球放入回转窑中依次在500℃下烧结100min、在1000℃下烧结2h、在1200℃下烧结100min、在1300℃下烧结2h,然后自然冷却获得陶粒砂的球体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料的过程中的研磨过程是在搅拌磨中进行的,研磨时间为4h,所述将粉煤灰和铝矾土粉料研磨、筛选获得粉煤灰混合粉料的过程中的筛选过程是用1000目筛网进行筛选的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将由聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚醚硅油和水组成的浆料加入到粉煤灰混合粉料中研磨获得粉煤灰混合浆料的过程的研磨过程是在球磨机中进行的,研磨时间为3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将粉煤灰混合浆料离心、干燥获得得陶粒砂生胚球的过程的离心、干燥过程是在离心喷雾干燥机中进行的,所述的陶粒砂生胚球通过振动筛筛选出粒径50~100目的陶粒砂生胚球。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浆料的粘度为200-250mPa·S。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为17,所述聚乙烯醇的醇解度为99。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰混合浆料的温度为30-35℃,所述粉煤灰混合浆料在所述离心喷雾干燥机中的喷出速度2L/min,所述离心喷雾干燥机的离心盘转速为4000-4300转/分钟,所述离心喷雾干燥机中的陶粒砂生胚球的出口温度为100-110℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰中的氧化铝与二氧化硅的质量含量之和大于70%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法,其特征在于:铝钒土粉料为过325目筛网的粉末料,且氧化铝质量含量大于66%,二氧化硅质量含量大于25%。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一所述的一种铸造用陶粒砂的制备方法制备的铸造用陶粒砂,其特征在于,由如下质量配比组成:粉煤灰50~70%、铝矾土粉料30~50%、聚乙烯醇0.1~0.2%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.0025~0.0075%和聚醚硅油0.0025~0.0075%。
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