CN1114809C - 用于脉动流量的容量控制装置 - Google Patents

用于脉动流量的容量控制装置 Download PDF

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CN1114809C
CN1114809C CN98122457A CN98122457A CN1114809C CN 1114809 C CN1114809 C CN 1114809C CN 98122457 A CN98122457 A CN 98122457A CN 98122457 A CN98122457 A CN 98122457A CN 1114809 C CN1114809 C CN 1114809C
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pipeline
magnetic valve
compressor
suction line
valve
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CN1235265A (zh
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亚力山大·利夫桑
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2521—On-off valves controlled by pulse signals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

通过快速地循环动作一位于吸入管路、节约器回路或者旁路内的电磁阀，借助于调节流过其中的流量的阀的“打开”的时间百分比来实现一致冷或者空调回路的容量调制中的分步控制。位于压缩机内的一共用的管口用于节约器流动以及旁路流动。

Description

用于脉动流量的容量控制装置
在一封闭的空调或者致冷系统中，存在着若干可采用的卸荷(unload)法。共同转让的第4,938,666号美国专利揭示了通过气体旁路卸荷一储料器(bank)的一圆筒(cylinder)，以及通过吸入断流器(cutoff)卸荷一完整的储料器。共同转让的第4,938,029号美国专利揭示了卸荷压缩机的一完整的阶段以及使用一节约器(economizer)。共同转让的第4,878,818号美国专利揭示了使用一装有阀的共用口，以便与用于卸荷的吸入管(suction)或者用于Vi控制的排出管相通，其中Vi是排出压力与吸入压力之比。在采用这些各种方法时，阀的结构一般全打开、全关闭、或者调制阀打开的程度以便保持在某一固定位置上。与这些设置相关的一个问题是：只能逐步地控制容量，或者必须采用昂贵的电动机驱动的(driven)调制阀，以便将阀的打开固定在某一用于容量控制的位置上。
逐步的压缩机容量可通过将电磁阀(或者若干个电磁阀)在全打开与全关闭位置之间快速地循环动作来实现。循环动作的电磁阀(或者若干个电磁阀)可位于压缩机吸入管路、压缩机节约器管路以及/或者将节约器管路与吸入管路相连的压缩机旁设管路中。一阀打开的时间百分比确定了要得到的调制大小。然而，由于循环动作的时间比系统的响应时间要短得多，因此仿佛阀是被部分打开而不是在它们的打开位置与关闭位置之间循环动作。
本发明的一个目的在于提供连续的容量控制。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供容量调制中的分步控制。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供较便宜的设备来代替变速压缩机。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供较便宜的设备来代替调制阀。这些目的以及其它目的在下文中将变得一目了然，并由本发明来实现。
基本上，在一致冷回路的容量调制中的逐步或者分步控制是通过快速地循环动作位于压缩机吸入管路和/或压缩机节约器管路和/或旁设管路中的一电磁阀来实现的。
本发明提出一种在一顺序地包括一压缩机、一排出管路、一冷凝器、一膨胀装置、一蒸发器和吸入管路的系统中用于容量控制的装置，其特征在于包括：一在该吸入管路中的电磁阀；一流体管路，其将在冷凝器与膨胀装置之间的一点相连到相应于该压缩机的压缩过程一中点位置处；一连接流体管路和该吸入管路的旁设管路；一在旁设管路中的电磁阀；和一用于快速地脉动在该旁设管路中的电磁阀和该吸入管路中的电磁阀的微处理器，以便分别调制流至旁设管路和从蒸发器至吸入管路的流量。
还包括：一与该流体管路相连的一节约器热交换器回路；一在该流体管路中位于该节约器热交换器与旁设管路之间的电磁阀；和该微处理器还用于快速地脉动在该流体管路中的电磁阀，以便调制流至节约器热交换器回路的流量。
图1中示意性地表示了一种采用本发明的节约型致冷或者空调系统。
在图中，标号12总的表示了在一封闭的致冷或者空调系统10中的一气密式压缩机。从压缩机12开始，该系统10顺序地包括排出管路14、冷凝器16、管路18、膨胀装置20、蒸发器22、以及构成回路的吸入管路24。管路18-1从管路18分出来，并包括膨胀装置30，并且通过管口12-1与压缩机12相连，该管口处12-1是压缩气体在压缩机的吸入压力与排出压力的中间的一个压力排出的位置上。设置节约器热交换器40以便位于膨胀装置30下游的管路18-1与位于膨胀装置20上游的管路18呈热交换关系。膨胀装置20和30被称为电子膨胀装置、EEV，并且如图所示它们与微处理器100相连。就膨胀装置20而论，至少，它不需要是一EEV，而可能、例如是一热膨胀装置、TEV。至此已描述的基本上是传统的结构。本发明提供了分别连接着位于节约器热交换器40下游的管路18-1以及位于蒸发器22下游的管路24的旁设管路50，并将电磁阀52设置在管路50内，将电磁阀54设置在位于蒸发器22下游及管路50上游的管路24内，以及将电磁阀56设置在位于节约器热交换器40下游及管路50上游的管路18-1内。电磁阀52、54和56以及EEV30都是由对区域(zone)输入敏感的微处理器100来控制的。在膨胀装置20如图所示是一EEV的情况下，它也是由微处理器100控制的。
在系统10的“正常”运行中，阀52和56是关闭的，并且来自于压缩机12的热的高压致冷气体通过管路14被输送至冷凝器16，在该冷凝器中，该致冷气体凝结成液体，然后该液体通过管路18和闲置的节约器热交换器40被输送至EEV20。EEV20造成了压降，并使流过其中的液态致冷剂部分急骤蒸发。该致冷剂的液体-蒸汽混合物被输送至蒸发器22，在该蒸发器中，该液态致冷剂蒸发以冷却所需空间，并且所产生的气态致冷剂通过包含着电磁阀54的吸入管路24被输送至压缩机12以构成循环。
上述运行是传统的，其容量是通过EEV20来控制的。依据本发明的思想，由于脉动比系统10的响应时间要来得快速，因此电磁阀54可被快速地脉动以控制压缩机12的容量，系统10起反应仿佛阀54部分打开而不是在其打开与关闭位置之间循环动作。通过控制阀54开和关的时间百分比来实现调制。为防止真空泵运行，阀54的“关闭”位置可能需要一限流。
为了增加系统10的容量，采用了一节约器热交换器40。在节约器热交换器40中，管路18和18-1呈热交换关系。电磁阀56打开，电磁阀52关闭，位于管路18内的部分的液态致冷剂流入管路18-1中，在该管路中，EEV30造成了压降，并使液态致冷剂部分急骤蒸发。低压液态致冷剂流入节约器热交换器40内，其中管路18-1中的致冷剂从管路18中的致冷剂中提取热量，使其进一步冷却，从而增强了蒸发器22中的冷却作用。流经节约器热交换器40的管路18-1中的致冷剂也在由微处理器100所控制的阀56的控制下，通过管口12-1被输送至压缩机12。管路18-1将致冷剂气体输送至一处于压缩机12中压缩的中间阶段的收集容积(volume)，如同传统的那样。然而，根据本发明的思想，管路18-1中的节约器流量，以及因此系统容量通过快速地循环动作阀56来进行控制，以便对(to)压缩机12中压缩的中间阶段调制节约器流量。为了降低系统10的容量，采用了旁设管路电磁阀52。在这种设置中，阀56关闭，处于中间压力下的气体从压缩机12途径管口12-1、管路18-1和管路50，走旁路流至吸入管路24内。走旁路流动的气体量，以及因此系统容量通过快速地循环动作阀52来进行变化。这样，管口12-1既被用作为一节约器口，又被用作为一旁路或者卸荷口。
鉴于上述，可清楚地理解，分别快速地循环动作阀52、54和56可用于容量控制的各种形式，某一阀打开的时间相对于其关闭的时间的数值确定了容量调制的程度。用于典型系统的调制频率的范围从0.1至100秒。

Claims (2)

1.一种在一顺序地包括一压缩机(12)、一排出管路(14)、一冷凝器(16)、一膨胀装置(20)、一蒸发器(22)和吸入管路(24)的系统中用于容量控制的装置，其特征在于包括：
一在该吸入管路(24)中的电磁阀(54)；
一流体管路(18-1)，其将在冷凝器(16)与膨胀装置(20)之间的一点相连到相应于该压缩机(12)的压缩过程一中点位置(12-1)处；
一连接流体管路(18-1)和该吸入管路(24)的旁设管路(50)；
一在旁设管路中的电磁阀(52)；和
一用于快速地脉动在该旁设管路(50)中的电磁阀(52)和该吸入管路(24)中的电磁阀(54)的微处理器(100)，以便分别调制流至旁设管路(50)和从蒸发器(22)至吸入管路(24)的流量。
2.如权利要求1所述的容量控制的装置，其特征在于还包括：一与该流体管路(18-1)相连的一节约器热交换器(40)回路；
一在该流体管路(18-1)中位于该节约器热交换器(40)与旁设管路(50)之间的电磁阀(56)；和
该微处理器(100)还用于快速地脉动在该流体管路(18-1)中的电磁阀(56)，以便调制流至节约器热交换器回路的流量。
CN98122457A 1997-12-08 1998-11-12 用于脉动流量的容量控制装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1114809C (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/986,447 US6047556A (en) 1997-12-08 1997-12-08 Pulsed flow for capacity control
US08/986,447 1997-12-08

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CN1235265A CN1235265A (zh) 1999-11-17
CN1114809C true CN1114809C (zh) 2003-07-16

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EP (1) EP0921364B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2986469B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100309975B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1114809C (zh)
BR (1) BR9805207A (zh)
CA (1) CA2252137C (zh)
ES (1) ES2255143T3 (zh)

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CN1235265A (zh) 1999-11-17
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