CN111480421B

CN111480421B - Multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilization no-tillage planter in degraded grassland

Info

Publication number: CN111480421B
Application number: CN202010305580.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 布库; 万其号
Original assignee: Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-04-17
Filing date: 2020-04-17
Publication date: 2022-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-17
Also published as: CN111480421A

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing seeds of multiple varieties of pasture in a degraded grassland, which comprises a rack, wherein two pairs of seed boxes and one pair of fertilizer boxes are arranged on the rack, and the two pairs of seed boxes and the one pair of fertilizer boxes are symmetrically arranged in pairs. The multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilization no-tillage planter is a large-scale no-tillage planter with the seed manure boxes symmetrically arranged in pairs and the two sides respectively driven by the power transmission systems, can realize the efficient and large-area grassland forage grass after-sowing, reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the planter, and increases the reliability of the planter; the invention adopts a split type ditching and seeding device, adds a fertilizer-discharging ditcher, is beneficial to scratching hard turf, is convenient for fertilizing, replanting various boxes of pastures, adjusts a seeding amount device by a hand wheel, and is beneficial to replanting the grass seeds in a near-natural state. The invention adopts the friction wheel clutch transmission, has simple structure and high reliability.

Description

Retrogressive grassland multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilization no-tillage seeder

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a non-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing multiple varieties of forage grass seeds in a degraded grassland.

Background

China is a world grassland big country. The grassland area is 4 hundred million hectares, occupies two fifths of the national soil area, occupies about 12 percent of the global grassland area, is the first in the world, is the ecological barrier with the largest area, is the important material foundation for the development of animal husbandry, and is the basic soil for the deep ploughing, the thick planting and the inheritance development of national culture. However, due to the influence of artificial factors such as excessive grazing, improper reclamation and cultivation, unreasonable utilization of water resources and the like and natural factors such as the increased occurrence probability of extreme climate due to global climate change, 90% of the grasslands in China are degraded to different degrees. The grassland degeneration causes the reduction of the productivity of the grassland in China, and the excellent pasture which can be used for the development of the animal husbandry is greatly reduced, thereby bringing great impact to the development of the animal husbandry; the deterioration of the grassland causes the loss of the biological diversity of the grassland and the functional disorder, imbalance and decline of an ecological system, thereby bringing great influence to the climate environment of China and frequent occurrence of extremely severe weather; the degradation of the grassland can also lead the soil to become compact, the air permeability and water permeability are reduced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, so that the soil is barren, the erosion is intensified, the nutrient content is reduced, and the natural disasters such as wind sand, sand storm and the like are intensified; the degradation of grassland also causes the change of grassland animal population, the quantity of rare wild animals is reduced year by year and even eradicated due to the shortage of food sources, and harmful animals become more rampant, so that the grassland is more damaged, and the biodiversity is reduced.

With the emphasis of the state on the ecological environment in recent years, a large amount of material and financial support is provided in the aspect of grassland protection, the protection and restoration effect of the grassland ecological system is remarkable, and the ecological environment in local areas is obviously improved. Although the work of protecting the grassland in China achieves certain performance, the work has a large gap with the requirements of the ecological civilization construction and development in China, the problems of grassland degeneration, desertification, stony desertification and the like still exist, the ecological recovery of the grassland is of great importance, and the main reasons are the lack of equipment and technology for restoring the grassland and the lack of systematic experience and experience in restoring the grassland. In order to improve the ecological environment of the grassland in China, promote the benign cycle of the grassland ecology, inhibit the degradation of the grassland and realize the ecological restoration and the productivity improvement of the grassland, key equipment suitable for the restoration and construction of natural grassland vegetation is researched and developed to form the ecological restoration of the grassland.

The grass seed no-tillage after-sowing fertilization is an important technology for accelerating the treatment of the degraded grassland in China and restoring the grassland environment. The no-tillage reseeding is a protective tillage mode, the density of dominant plants is increased by minimally damaging or disturbing the soil layer of the grassland, the variety and proportion of excellent pasture in the grass group are increased, and therefore the grassland recovery and the productivity improvement are achieved. By fertilizing the grassland, the nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the grassland soil can be increased, the grassland fertility is improved, the organic matter content of degraded grassland is improved, and the growth vigor of the reseeding pasture is promoted to be good. In order to realize the diversity of the types of the degraded grassland plants, only a single grass is replanted, so that the ecological restoration effect is poor, and the replanting of seeds of various grass is required. The common volume of forage grass seed is less, and the shape is irregular, takes awn a bit, leads to handling before the seeding, and the difference in shape, size, volume that can appear two kinds of different seeds is great like this, needs to set up different seeder and has realized that multi-species forage grass thoughtlessly broadcasts. However, at present, equipment suitable for the after-sowing of the grass in the degraded grassland of China is short, a plurality of grass seed after-sowing fertilizing devices can be satisfied, and the research of the multi-variety grass seed after-sowing fertilizing equipment suitable for the treatment of the degraded grassland is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a non-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing multiple varieties of forage grass seeds in a degraded grassland.

In order to realize the aim of the invention, the non-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing the seeds of the multiple varieties of pasture in the degraded grassland comprises a rack, wherein two pairs of seed boxes and a pair of fertilizer boxes are arranged on the rack, and the two pairs of seed boxes and the pair of fertilizer boxes are symmetrically arranged in pairs.

The two pairs of seed boxes and the one pair of fertilizer boxes can respectively adjust the positions of the outer grooved wheels in the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device through correspondingly arranged adjusting handles, so that the sowing quantity is adjusted.

The split type ditching and seeding device comprises a unit disc ditcher, wherein the unit disc ditcher is independently installed on a rack, so that pre-ditching of degraded grasslands can be realized, and profiling floating of the unit disc ditcher is performed through a spring on the unit disc ditcher;

a fertilizer-discharging furrow opener and a double-disc sowing furrow opener are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the unit disc furrow opener, the fertilizer-discharging furrow opener and the double-disc sowing furrow opener are connected together through a furrow opener bracket, and the furrow opener bracket is hinged to a point O with the rack and matched with a spring on the tail part of the furrow opener bracket to realize the floating profiling function of the furrow opener; the rear part of the fertilizer-discharging furrow opener is provided with a double-disc furrow opener, and the forage grass seeds in the second seed box and the first seed box are respectively sown into seed ditches through two seed discharging pipes; the rear portion at two disc furrow openers is equipped with the press wheel, can carry out the suppression with sowing into the fertile soil of seed, through adjustment spring assembly, can adjust the pressure of press wheel, adjusts the compaction degree of press wheel pair soil.

Wherein, a power transmission system with two sides respectively driven is adopted.

The power transmission system comprises a walking wheel, the walking wheel is driven by a bidirectional hydraulic oil cylinder to rotate clockwise along a rotating shaft, when the walking wheel is in contact with a friction wheel, the walking wheel stops rotating clockwise, rotates and drives the friction wheel to rotate anticlockwise, a chain wheel a fixedly connected to the shaft of the friction wheel drives a chain wheel b to rotate through a chain, and the rotation of the chain wheel b drives a coaxial chain wheel c to rotate; a circle of chain is arranged on the chain wheel d, the chain wheel c drives the chain wheel d to operate through meshing with the chain when operating, the chain wheel d and the chain wheel e are coaxially arranged, and the chain wheel e drives the chain wheel f to move through the chain to drive the fertilizer distributor to work for fertilizer distribution; the chain wheel g coaxial with the chain wheel f rotates, the power is continuously transmitted to the chain wheel h through a chain, and the chain wheel h rotates to drive a second seed sowing device to work, so that second seed sowing is realized; when the chain wheel h rotates, the chain wheel i on the same shaft is driven to rotate, the chain wheel j is driven to rotate through the transmission chain, the first seed discharging device on the same shaft is driven to work by the rotation of the chain wheel j, and the forage grass seeds in the first seed box are discharged.

The power transmission system further comprises a chain wheel k, a chain wheel l, a chain wheel m and a chain wheel n which are used as tension wheels in the chain transmission process.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that,

1. the multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilizing no-tillage planter is large-scale no-tillage with the seed manure boxes symmetrically arranged in pairs and the power transmission systems respectively driven at two sides, can realize efficient and large-area grassland forage grass after-sowing, reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the planter, and increases the reliability of the planter;

2. the invention adopts a split type ditching and seeding device, adds a fertilizer-discharging ditcher, is beneficial to scratching hard turf, is convenient for fertilizing, replanting various boxes of pastures, adjusts a seeding amount device by a hand wheel, and is beneficial to replanting the grass seeds in a near-natural state.

3. The invention adopts the friction wheel clutch transmission, has simple structure and high reliability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the frame and the furrowing device of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the frame and the furrowing device of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the seed manure drive system of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the single-sided power transmission system of the present application.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

The invention belongs to a multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilizing no-tillage planter for treating degraded grassland in the agricultural field. The machine can realize no-tillage reseeding of multiple varieties of forage grass seeds in degraded grasslands, and provides equipment support for reseeding and synchronous fertilization of different varieties of forage grass seeds.

As shown in figures 1-6, the invention mainly comprises a traction frame 7, a frame 6, a traveling wheel 10, a friction wheel 5, a speed change system, a hydraulic oil cylinder 27, two pairs of

pasture seed boxes

1 and 2, a pair of fertilizer boxes 4, a seed sowing device, a fertilizer discharging device, a sowing quantity adjusting handle, a unit disc ditching device, a fertilizer sowing opener, a double-disc opener, a press wheel and the like.

The multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilizing no-tillage planter of the invention is a large-scale after-sowing no-tillage planter which is towed by a tractor and symmetrically distributed with seed and fertilizer boxes, the times of seed adding and fertilizer adding are reduced by the large-capacity and various fertilizer boxes, the high-efficiency and large-area grassland forage grass after-sowing and the treatment of degraded grassland are realized. The first seed box 1, the second seed box 2 and the fertilizer box 4 are respectively provided with a pair, and the positions of the outer grooved wheels in the outer grooved wheel seed sowing

devices

13, 14 and 15 can be respectively adjusted through adjusting

handles

18, 17 and 16, so that the sowing quantity is adjusted.

In addition, the invention adopts a split type ditching and seeding device, the unit disc ditcher 8 is independently installed on the rack 6, pre-ditching of the degraded grassland is realized, the unit disc ditcher is profile-shaped and floated by the spring 19 on the unit disc ditcher, and the unit disc ditcher has the characteristics of no grass winding, small ditching disturbance to the degraded grassland and small damage to the grassland. The fertilizer discharging furrow opener 9 and the double-disc seeding furrow opener 11 are installed at the rear part of the unit disc furrow opener, the two furrow openers are connected together through a furrow opener support 24, the furrow opener support 24 is hinged to an O point with the rack 6 and matched with a spring on the tail part of the furrow opener support, the floating profiling function of the furrow opener is realized, and the furrow opener can be smoothly lifted up and cannot be damaged when an obstacle exists. The fertilizer-discharging opener can further open ditches, because the land of a degraded grassland is hard, only the narrow ditches opened by the unit disc opener cannot achieve the ideal effect of fertilization, the fertilizer-discharging opener can continuously expand the narrow ditches pre-opened by the unit disc opener for fertilization, and on the other hand, fertilizers in the seed box are sowed into the soil through the fertilizer-discharging pipe 23. The rear part of the fertilizer-discharging furrow opener is provided with a double-disc furrow opener which has the advantages of good furrow-opening effect and no grass winding, and the pasture seeds in the second seed box 2 and the first seed box 1 are sown into the seed furrows through the

seed discharging pipes

25 and 26. Be equipped with press wheel 20 at the rear portion of two disc furrow openers, can carry out the suppression with sowing into the fertile soil of seed, be favorable to preserving soil moisture, prevent the desertification of degradation soil, adjustment spring assembly 21, the pressure of adjustable press wheel, the compaction degree of adjustment press wheel pair soil.

In addition, the no-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing various forage grass seeds adopts a power transmission system with friction wheel clutch and symmetrical and respective transmission at two sides, and the transmission systems at two sides reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the planter and increase the reliability of the planter. Because the transmission system is symmetrical on two sides and has the same structure, only one side is described.

The working process is as follows: when sowing is needed, oil is returned from the upper end of the bidirectional hydraulic oil cylinder 27, the walking wheel 10 rotates clockwise along the rotating shaft, when the walking wheel contacts the friction wheel 5, the limit stop acts to stop the walking wheel 10 from rotating, the rotation of the walking wheel drives the friction wheel 5 to rotate anticlockwise, the chain wheel 28a fixedly connected to the friction wheel shaft drives the chain wheel b29 to rotate through a chain, and the rotation of the chain wheel b29 drives the coaxial chain wheel c30 to rotate. A circle of chain 32 is arranged on the wheel d31, the chain wheel c30 is meshed with the chain 32 when in operation, so that the chain wheel d31 is driven to operate, and the chain wheel d31 plays a role in transmission reversing, so that the correct seeding and fertilizer discharging direction is obtained. The rotation of the chain wheel d31 drives the coaxial chain wheel e33 to rotate in the same direction, and the chain wheel e33 drives the chain wheel f34 to move through a chain, so that the fertilizer distributor is driven to work to discharge fertilizer; the chain wheel g35 which is coaxial with the chain wheel f34 rotates to continuously transmit power to the chain wheel h36 through a chain, and the chain wheel h36 rotates to drive the seed sowing device 14 to work, so that the second seed box 2 can sow seeds; when the chain wheel h36 rotates, the chain wheel h 37 on the same shaft is driven to rotate, the chain wheel j38 is driven to rotate through the transmission chain, the chain wheel j38 rotates to drive the seed sowing device 13 on the same shaft to work, and the forage grass seeds in the first seed box 1 are discharged. In the chain transmission process, in order to prevent the poor meshing, a tensioning wheel is added to each chain transmission, and the tensioning wheel is respectively a chain wheel k39, a chain wheel l40, a chain wheel m41 and a chain wheel n 42.

1: the multi-variety forage grass seed after-sowing fertilization no-tillage planter of the invention is a large-scale no-tillage planter of a power transmission system with seed manure boxes symmetrically arranged in pairs and two sides respectively driven, can realize efficient and large-area grassland forage grass after-sowing, reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the planter and increase the reliability of the planter.

2: the no-tillage planter adopts a split type ditching and seeding device, a fertilizer-discharging furrow opener is added, hard turf can be scratched, fertilization can be facilitated, multiple boxes of forage grass can be reseeded, and a sowing quantity adjusting device is arranged by a hand wheel, so that the near-natural state reseeding of the grass seeds is facilitated.

3: and the friction wheel is adopted for clutch transmission, so that the structure is simple and the reliability is high.

In addition, the schemes which are not described in detail in the invention are all realized by adopting the known technology.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations should also be considered as the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The non-tillage planter for reseeding and fertilizing seeds of multiple varieties of pastures in a degraded grassland is characterized by comprising a rack (6), wherein two pairs of seed boxes and one pair of fertilizer boxes (4) are mounted on the rack (6), and are symmetrically arranged in pairs; the adopted split type ditching and seeding device comprises a unit disc ditcher (8), wherein the unit disc ditcher (8) is independently installed on a rack (6), so that pre-ditching of degraded grassland can be realized, and profiling floating of the unit disc ditcher is performed through a spring (19) on the unit disc ditcher;

a fertilizer discharging opener (9) and a double-disc sowing opener (11) are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the unit disc opener (8), the fertilizer discharging opener (9) and the double-disc sowing opener (11) are connected together through an opener support (24), and the opener support (24) is hinged to an O point with the rack (6) and matched with a spring on the tail part of the opener support (24) to realize the floating profiling function of the opener; a double-disc furrow opener (11) is arranged at the rear part of the fertilizer-discharging furrow opener, and the forage grass seeds in the second seed box (2) and the first seed box (1) are respectively sown into seed ditches through two seed discharging pipes; a press wheel (20) is assembled at the rear part of the double-disc furrow opener (11), so that seeds and fertilizers sowed in soil can be pressed, the pressure of the press wheel can be adjusted by adjusting a spring device (21), and the compaction degree of the press wheel on the soil is adjusted;

a power transmission system with two sides respectively driven is adopted;

the power transmission system comprises a travelling wheel (10), the travelling wheel is driven by a bidirectional hydraulic oil cylinder (27) to rotate clockwise along a rotating shaft, when the travelling wheel is contacted with a friction wheel (5), the travelling wheel (10) stops rotating clockwise, rotates and drives the friction wheel (5) to rotate anticlockwise, a chain wheel a (28) fixedly connected to the friction wheel shaft drives a chain wheel b (29) to operate through a chain, and the rotation of the chain wheel b (29) drives a coaxial chain wheel c (30) to rotate; a circle of chain (32) is arranged on the chain wheel d (31), the chain wheel c (30) drives the chain wheel d (31) to operate by meshing with the chain (32) when operating, the chain wheel d (31) and the chain wheel e (33) are coaxially arranged, and the chain wheel e (33) drives the chain wheel f (34) to move through the chain, so that the fertilizer distributor is driven to work to discharge fertilizer; the chain wheel g (35) coaxial with the chain wheel f (34) rotates, power is continuously transmitted to the chain wheel h (36) through a chain, and the chain wheel h (36) rotates to drive the second seed metering device (14) to work, so that seeding of the second seed box (2) is realized; when the chain wheel h (36) rotates, the chain wheel i (37) on the same shaft is driven to rotate, the chain wheel j (38) is driven to rotate through a transmission chain, the chain wheel j (38) rotates to drive the first seed discharger (13) on the same shaft to work, and the pasture seeds in the first box (1) are discharged.

2. The retrograded grassland multi-variety grass seed after-sowing fertilizing no-tillage seeding machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two pairs of seed boxes and the pair of fertilizer boxes can respectively adjust the positions of the outer grooved wheels in the outer grooved wheel seeding machine in the seeding machine through correspondingly arranged adjusting handles, so as to realize the seeding quantity adjustment.

3. The retrograded grassland multi-variety grass seed after-sowing fertilizing no-tillage planter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the power transmission system further comprises chain wheel k (39), chain wheel l (40), chain wheel m (41), chain wheel n (42) as tension wheels in the chain transmission process.