CN111477711B - 一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于太阳能背板技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法，所述高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板包括依次设置的面层、中间层和底层，所述面层由如下重量百分比的各组分组成：尼龙‑聚烯烃接枝物20‑80%、聚烯烃0‑50%、半芳香尼龙0‑60%、功能填料5‑30%、助剂0‑15%；所述中间层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃30‑97%、尼龙‑聚烯烃接枝物0‑30%、纳米片状无机填料2‑30%、功能填料0‑30%、助剂0‑15%；所述底层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃20‑70%、聚烯烃弹性体0‑50%、功能填料5‑30%、助剂0‑15%。本发明以尼龙‑聚烯烃接枝物和半芳香尼龙作为面层主要成分，耐水解，并添加功能填料，使面层具有更好的水汽阻隔性，中间层添加的纳米片状无机填料可填充在功能填料之间，构成良好的阻隔屏障。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能背板技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能电池组件从前至后，通常由玻璃、EVA、晶硅电池片、EVA和背板五层组成，背板作为电池组件背部防护的关键材料，要起到绝缘、阻止外部水汽透入的作用，而且背板自身需在户外环境中维持至少25年使用寿命而不损坏。如果背板的水阻隔性能不佳，水汽通过背板渗透到封装体系内部，容易导致背板脱落，从而使电池片暴露在外，电池片暴露后很容易被氧化，从而严重影响太阳能电池的发电效率和电池组件的使用寿命，因此，太阳能电池背板的阻隔性和耐水解性是衡量背板优劣的重要指标之一。
传统的背板通常选用聚酯薄膜作为骨架材料。在聚酯薄膜两侧分别通过涂布的方式复合PVF或PVDF膜，从而提高整体的户外使用寿命。传统背板的水汽透过率通常在1.5-2.0g/m2*day(@38℃90％R.H.)，聚酯薄膜较易发生水解，使得对内部电池片的保护作用严重下降。
发明内容
为了提高太阳能电池背板的阻隔性和耐水解性，本发明公开了一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板及其制备方法，面层在添加尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物的基础上再添加半芳香尼龙，增加面层对水汽的阻隔性能，同时在中间层中添加纳米片状无机填料，使纳米片状无机填料均匀填充在功能填料之间，进一步提高阻隔性能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，包括依次设置的面层、中间层和底层，所述面层由如下重量百分比的各组分组成：尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物20-80％、聚烯烃0-50％、半芳香尼龙0-60％、功能填料5-30％、助剂0-15％；
所述中间层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃30-97％、尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物0-30％、纳米片状无机填料2-30％、功能填料0-30％、助剂0-15％；
所述底层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃20-70％、聚烯烃弹性体0-50％、功能填料5-30％、助剂0-15％。
以尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物和半芳香尼龙作为面层材料的主要成分，耐水解，并添加功能填料，可以使面层具有更好的水汽阻隔性能；中间层中添加的纳米片状无机填料可以填充在功能填料之间，构成完整的阻隔屏障，实现对水汽的物理阻隔。
作为优选，上述功能填料为钛白粉、滑石粉、二氧化硅中的一种或几种，所述功能填料为经过硅烷偶联剂KH570改性的球形功能填料，粒径为100-1000nm。
采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对功能填料进行改性，可以在粒子表面接枝含有双键的有机基团，参与聚合反应，利于提高粒子的分散性。
作为优选，上述助剂为紫外线吸收剂、热稳定剂、抗氧剂中的一种或几种。
作为优选，上述聚烯烃为聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
作为优选，上述聚乙烯为高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯混合物中的一种或几种。
作为优选，上述聚丙烯为均聚聚丙烯、共聚聚丙烯、均聚聚丙烯/共聚型聚丙烯、嵌段共聚聚丙烯、三元共聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
作为优选，上述纳米片状无机填料为经过硅烷偶联剂KH570改性的纳米片状无机填料。采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对纳米片状无机填料进行改性，可以在粒子表面接枝含有双键的有机基团，参与聚合反应，利于提高粒子的分散性。
作为优选，上述纳米片状无机填料为云母粉、滑石粉、硅灰石、叶腊石、伊利石中的一种或几种，所述纳米片状无机填料的粒径为10-100nm。
功能填料选择粒径较大的球形粒子，纳米片状无机填料选择粒径较小的片状粒子，有利于使纳米片状无机填料更好地填充在球形功能填料之间。由于片状粒子搅拌阻力较大，与片状粒子相比，球形功能填料更容易均匀分散在体系中，粒径较小的纳米片状无机填料则可以均匀填充在球形功能填料之间，在较小添加量的情况下就可以获得更好的阻隔效果，避免添加量过多而影响材料的力学性能。
作为优选，上述面层的厚度为20-30μm，中间层的厚度为200-300μm，底层的厚度为20-30μm。
一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)分别将面层、中间层、底层的物料按各自比例混合均匀，投入干燥罐干燥；
(2)分别将干燥后的面层、中间层、底层的物料输送到各挤出机入料口；
(3)面层、中间层、底层的物料各自经挤出机熔融共混挤出，经过滤器、熔体计量泵、多层共挤分配器、多层共挤模头流延成膜。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：(1)本发明以尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物和半芳香尼龙作为面层材料的主要成分，耐水解，并添加功能填料，可以使面层具有更好的水汽阻隔性能，中间层中添加的纳米片状无机填料可以填充在功能填料之间，构成良好的阻隔屏障；
(2)本发明的功能填料为粒径较大的球形粒子，纳米片状无机填料为粒径较小的片状粒子，有利于使纳米片状无机填料更好地填充在球形功能填料之间，由于片状粒子搅拌阻力较大，与片状粒子相比，球形功能填料更容易均匀分散在体系中，粒径较小的纳米片状无机填料则可以均匀填充在球形功能填料之间，在较小添加量的情况下就可以获得更好的阻隔效果，避免添加量过多而影响材料的力学性能；
(3)本发明所采用的功能填料和纳米片状无机填料均采用硅烷偶联剂KH570进行改性，从而在粒子表面接枝含有双键的有机基团，在粒子表面接枝基团一方面可以提高粒子的空间位组，另一方面利于粒子在体系中的均匀分散，而且双键在聚合过程中参与反应可以引导粒子的均匀排列，利于提高阻隔效果。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)分别将面层、中间层、底层的物料按各自比例混合均匀，投入干燥罐干燥；
(2)分别将干燥后的面层、中间层、底层的物料输送到各挤出机入料口；
(3)面层、中间层、底层的物料各自经挤出机熔融共混挤出，经过滤器、熔体计量泵、多层共挤分配器、多层共挤模头流延成膜。
实施例1-6和对比例1-6制备背板所用各组分及质量百分比见表1。
表1
对比例7为目前市售的TPT结构背板，TPT背板同样采用三层结构，其中面层和底层使用PVF膜，中间层采用双向拉伸聚酯薄膜。
对实施例1-6和对比例1-7的背板进行各项性能测试，测试结果见表2。
表2
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，包括依次设置的面层、中间层和底层，其特征在于：所述面层由如下重量百分比的各组分组成：尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物20-80%、聚烯烃0-50%、半芳香尼龙0-60%、功能填料5-30%、助剂0-15%；
所述中间层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃30-97%、尼龙-聚烯烃接枝物0-30%、纳米片状无机填料2-30%、功能填料0-30%、助剂0-15%；
所述底层由如下组分组成：聚烯烃20-70%、聚烯烃弹性体0-50%、功能填料5-30%、助剂0-15%；
所述功能填料为钛白粉、滑石粉、二氧化硅中的一种或几种，所述功能填料为经过硅烷偶联剂KH570改性的球形功能填料，粒径为100-1000nm；
所述纳米片状无机填料为云母粉、滑石粉、硅灰石、叶腊石、伊利石中的一种或几种，所述纳米片状无机填料的粒径为10-100nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述助剂为紫外线吸收剂、热稳定剂、抗氧剂中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述聚烯烃为聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求3所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯为高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯混合物中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求3所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述聚丙烯为均聚聚丙烯、共聚聚丙烯、均聚聚丙烯/共聚型聚丙烯、嵌段共聚聚丙烯、三元共聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求1所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述纳米片状无机填料为经过硅烷偶联剂KH570改性的纳米片状无机填料。
7.如权利要求1所述的高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板，其特征在于：所述面层的厚度为20-30μm，中间层的厚度为200-300μm，底层的厚度为20-30μm。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述高阻隔耐水解的太阳能电池背板的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
（1）分别将面层、中间层、底层的物料按各自比例混合均匀，投入干燥罐干燥；
（2）分别将干燥后的面层、中间层、底层的物料输送到各挤出机入料口；
（3）面层、中间层、底层的物料各自经挤出机熔融共混挤出，经过滤器、熔体计量泵、多层共挤分配器、多层共挤模头流延成膜。
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