CN111470875A - 一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料 - Google Patents
一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，公开了一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，包括按重量份数计的以下组分：62‑72份的刚玉，3‑20份的三氧化二铬，2‑6份的单斜锆，8‑16份的铝铬溶胶，2‑5份的结合剂，0.1‑1.5份的减水剂；以氧化物的含量计，所述铝铬溶胶中的三氧化二铬含量为20‑30wt％，余量为三氧化二铝。该耐火浇注料具有更优的抗侵蚀性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料。
背景技术
随着世界人口的不断增加和经济的高速发展，城市垃圾和工业废物的数量急剧增多。垃圾的存在不仅占用大量的空间，而且对地球环境造成严重污染，危害人类和动植物的生存环境。因而城市垃圾和工业废弃物的处理是一个亟待解决的问题。垃圾焚烧处理技术的发展，使垃圾在满足无害化的基础上，力争资源化。垃圾处理的主要窑炉有：流化床焚烧炉、炉排型焚烧炉、回转式焚烧炉、熔融气化炉等，而垃圾熔融气化炉具有处理垃圾种类多、处理程度深、处理过程中和处理后无二次污染等优势，成为垃圾处理窑炉发展的主要趋势。
熔融气化炉从干燥、热分解气化到燃烧、熔融都在一个类似高炉的竖式炉中进行，从炉中央上部装入废弃物等，炉内从上部开始分为干燥预热带(约300～800℃)、热分解气化带(800～1350℃)、燃烧熔融带(1500～1800℃)。废弃物在干燥预热带被加热，蒸发出水份。干燥的废弃物逐渐下行，移动到热分解气化带使有机物气化，热分解气体从炉上部排出，在后部燃烧室完全燃烧，再利用余热锅炉等进行有效的热回收。剩余未气化的灰份和无机物(或与焦炭一起)下降到燃烧熔融带，熔融带配有烧嘴，产生高温，使灰份和无机物完全熔融。熔融物从出渣口排出炉外。
城市垃圾和工业废弃物对熔融气化炉炉衬材料的破坏主要为碱蒸汽和熔渣的侵蚀，因此改善铝铬质工作衬的抗侵蚀性是极为必要的。
发明内容
针对上述情况，本发明的目的是提供一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，具有良好的抗侵蚀性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，包括按重量份数计的以下组分：62-72份的刚玉，3-20份的三氧化二铬，2-6份的单斜锆，8-16份的铝铬溶胶，2-5份的结合剂，0.1-1.5份的减水剂；
以氧化物的含量计，所述铝铬溶胶中三氧化二铬的含量为20-30wt％，余量为三氧化二铝。
优选地，所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料包括按重量份数计的以下组分：65-70份的刚玉，10-20份的三氧化二铬，3-5份的单斜锆，10-13份的铝铬溶胶，2-5份的结合剂，0.1-1.0份的减水剂；
以氧化物的含量计，所述铝铬溶胶中三氧化二铬的含量为20-25wt％，余量为三氧化二铝。
采用上述优选组成的原料可以得到更优的抗侵蚀等物理性能。
本发明中，所述刚玉可选自电熔白刚玉、烧结板状刚玉和致密刚玉中的至少一种。垃圾熔融气化炉主要材质是铝铬质的，因此以刚玉是主要原料，刚玉的组成和配比可以采用现有技术中的常规配制，刚玉可以是骨料，也可以是粉料，例如，刚玉可以为电熔白刚玉和烧结板状刚玉的混合物，电熔白刚玉与烧结板状刚玉的混合质量比例为25-35∶30-45，烧结板状刚玉的粒度为2-15mm，电熔白刚玉的粒度为0-5mm。
优选地，所述三氧化二铬由电熔法制得，其粒度为3-0mm，例如，其粒度可以为1-0mm、200目、325目。三氧化二铬是粉料，电熔法制成块，再磨细制成粉料，这种三氧化二铬的粉体，反应活性低，不会快速与三氧化二铝反应生产固溶体，因此避免快速生成固溶体而带来的体积收缩变大，从而出现裂纹。同时，这样也保留了三氧化二铬优异的抗侵蚀性。
优选地，所述单斜锆由电熔法制得，其粒度为600目、1000目或2000目。单斜锆的加入主要利用单斜锆在加热过程中的相变，产生微裂纹，这样提高浇注料的抗热震稳定性。
本发明中，所述铝铬溶胶的制备方法包括：按照各自的含量，将纳米三氧化二铝加入0.1mol/L的Cr(NO3)3·9H2O溶液中，于20-35℃下将该混合物搅拌0.5h，然后加热至65-75℃并逐滴加入(NH2)2·H2O且不断搅拌，直至混合物的pH达到9，得到所述铝铬溶胶。本发明的铝铬溶胶，以纳米三氧化二铝为载体，三氧化二铬依附在氧化铝颗粒上，利用减水剂分散三氧化二铝的基础上使三氧化二铬充分分散到浇注料的基质中，这样比单纯加三氧化二铬的抗侵蚀性要好很多。
优选地，所述结合剂为纯铝酸钙水泥，其Al2O3含量为65-80wt％。结合剂为纯铝酸钙水泥，在低温时，起到提供结合强度的作用，以保证施工脱模需要，在高温下与氧化铝形成六铝酸钙，也可起到提供结合强度的作用。
优选地，所述减水剂为无机减水剂、聚羧酸类减水剂的一种或两种组合。减水剂，在浇注料加水搅拌过程中起到分散剂微粉的作用，减少加水量，从而降低气孔率，提高耐火浇注料的致密度。
本发明的浇注料是将干料混匀后分装成小袋包装，在施工现场再将所有物料用搅拌机加水搅拌，然后在磨具中浇注成型。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益点在于：
采用本发明的配方得到的耐火浇注料，具有良好的抗侵蚀性，抗折强度、耐压强度较高，抗侵蚀速率较慢。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，包括以下重量份数的组分：69份的刚玉(39份烧结板状刚玉，粒度为3-10mm，30份电熔白刚玉，粒度为0-3mm)，14份的三氧化二铬(200目)，3份的单斜锆(1000目)，10份的铝铬溶胶，4份的纯铝酸钙水泥结合剂(Al2O3含量为69.5wt％)，0.15份的六偏磷酸钠减水剂。
铝铬溶胶的制备方法包括：以氧化物的含量计，按照铝铬溶胶中三氧化二铬的含量为20wt％，三氧化二铝的含量为80wt％，将纳米三氧化二铝加入0.1mol/L的Cr(NO3)3·9H2O溶液中，于25℃下将该混合物搅拌0.5h，然后加热至70℃并逐滴加入(NH2)2·H2O且不断搅拌，直至混合物的pH达到9，得到所述铝铬溶胶。
实施例2
一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，包括以下重量份数的组分：65份的刚玉(34份烧结板状刚玉，粒度为3-10mm，31份电熔白刚玉，粒度为0-3mm)，15份的三氧化二铬(200目)，5份的单斜锆(1000目)，12份的铝铬溶胶，3份的纯铝酸钙水泥结合剂(Al2O3含量为79.5wt％)，0.12份的聚羧酸类减水剂FS10。
铝铬溶胶的制备方法同实施例1，不同之处在于：以氧化物的含量计，该铝铬溶胶中三氧化二铬的含量为25wt％，三氧化二铝的含量为75wt％。
对比例
与实施例1的不同之处在于：将10份的铝铬溶胶替换为2份的三氧化二铬(200目)和8份的氧化铝微粉(2μm)。该对比例为现有技术常规使用的配方。
对实施例及对比例制得的耐火浇注料进行性能检测，具体结果如表1所示。
线变化检测标准：耐火材料标准GB/T 5988-2007；
体积密度检测标准：耐火材料标准YB/T 5200-1993；
抗折强度检测标准：耐火材料标准GB/T 3001-2007；
耐压强度检测标准：耐火材料标准GB/T 5072-2008；
侵蚀速率检测标准：耐火材料标准GB/T 8931-2007。
表1
由表1的数据可知，采用本发明的耐火浇注料配方能够有效的提高其物理性能，尤其是其抗侵蚀性。
以上已经描述了本发明的实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的实施例。在不偏离所说明实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。
Claims (8)
1.一种垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：包括按重量份数计的以下组分：62-72份的刚玉，3-20份的三氧化二铬，2-6份的单斜锆，8-16份的铝铬溶胶，2-5份的结合剂，0.1-1.5份的减水剂；
以氧化物的含量计，所述铝铬溶胶中的三氧化二铬含量为20-30wt％，余量为三氧化二铝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：包括按重量份数计的以下组分：65-70份的刚玉，10-20份的三氧化二铬，3-5份的单斜锆，10-13份的铝铬溶胶，2-5份的结合剂，0.1-1.0份的减水剂；
以氧化物的含量计，所述铝铬溶胶中的三氧化二铬含量为20-25wt％，余量为三氧化二铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述刚玉选自电熔白刚玉、烧结板状刚玉和致密刚玉中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述三氧化二铬由电熔法制得，其粒度为3-0mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述单斜锆由电熔法制得，其粒度为600目、1000目或2000目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述铝铬溶胶的制备方法包括：按照各自的含量，将纳米三氧化二铝加入0.1mol/L的Cr(NO3)3·9H2O溶液中，于20-35℃下将该混合物搅拌0.5h，然后加热至65-75℃并逐滴加入(NH2)2·H2O且不断搅拌，直至混合物的pH达到9，得到所述铝铬溶胶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述结合剂为纯铝酸钙水泥，其Al2O3含量为65-80wt％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾熔融气化炉熔池部位用耐火浇注料，其特征在于：所述减水剂为无机减水剂和聚羧酸类减水剂中的一种或两种组合。
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