CN111466509A - Water lily drying and shaping method - Google Patents
Water lily drying and shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111466509A CN111466509A CN202010439086.3A CN202010439086A CN111466509A CN 111466509 A CN111466509 A CN 111466509A CN 202010439086 A CN202010439086 A CN 202010439086A CN 111466509 A CN111466509 A CN 111466509A
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- 241000209490 Nymphaea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 235000016791 Nymphaea odorata subsp odorata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000587753 Nymphaea tetragona Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
- A21D13/47—Decorated or decorative products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/34—Tea substitutes, e.g. matè; Extracts or infusions thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L23/00—Soups; Sauces; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23L3/54—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution using irradiation or electrical treatment, e.g. ultrasonic waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/34—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using microwaves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water lily drying and shaping method, which belongs to the technical field of plant processing and comprises the following steps: placing the water lily upside down in a shaping splint, clamping and then carrying out hot air drying to obtain the shaped water lily; the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily; and (4) inverting the shaped water lily and then carrying out microwave drying to obtain the dried and shaped water lily. The results of the embodiments of the present invention show that: by adopting the method provided by the invention, the obtained water lily has the wrinkle shrinkage of 15.35-25.64% and the water content of 5.15-5.89%, and the shape of water lily petals is effectively maintained in the drying process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant processing, and particularly relates to a water lily drying and shaping method.
Background
The single-flower period of the nymphaea tetragona is short, only 4 days, and in order to increase the economic value of the nymphaea tetragona, the shelf life of the nymphaea tetragona is prolonged by a drying method. The traditional edible water lily drying methods comprise natural airing, hot air drying and microwave drying, but the water lily petals are light and thin and have a large difference with the water content of an ovary, in the traditional drying method, the petals lose water and are wrinkled, but the water content in the ovary is still high, and if the ovary is dried to be low, the petals are greatly shrunk and deformed, scorch easily occurs, and the attractiveness of the edible water lily dried flower is influenced. Vacuum freeze drying is a new drying method, has the defects of petal shrinkage and low drying efficiency, and requires 2-3 days for completely drying flowers. The ornamental water lily dried flower is dried by a chemical method such as a drying agent, and the shape of the water lily dried flower can be kept, but the water lily dried flower cannot be applied to food. Therefore, in the current processing methods, the ornamental and edible properties cannot be obtained at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a water lily drying and shaping method, which solves the problem of shrinkage of water lily during drying.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a water lily drying and shaping method, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing the water lily upside down in a shaping splint, clamping and then carrying out hot air drying to obtain the shaped water lily;
the hot air drying time is 4-6 h, and the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃;
the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily;
2) inverting the shaped water lily obtained in the step 1), and then performing microwave drying to obtain dried and shaped water lily;
the microwave drying time is 5-6 min, and the microwave drying power is 400-560W.
Preferably, the bamboo steamer cloth is pure cotton bamboo steamer cloth, and the number of layers of the pure cotton bamboo steamer cloth is 8-12.
Preferably, the thickness of silica gel pad is 1.1 mm.
Preferably, the water lily is placed in a shaping splint upside down after being pretreated;
the pretreatment comprises the following steps: removing the calyx valve of the water lily, and cleaning the receptacle and pedicel wrapping the ovary.
Preferably, every water lily is arranged in the shaping splint at an interval of 1-2 cm.
Preferably, when the step 2) of microwave drying is carried out, the interval between every two shaped water lily is 1-2 cm.
Preferably, the number of the layers of the pure cotton steamer cloth is 10.
Preferably, the shaped water lily is placed on glass fiber for microwave drying.
The invention provides a water lily drying and shaping method, which comprises the following steps: 1) placing the water lily upside down in a shaping splint, clamping and then carrying out hot air drying to obtain the shaped water lily; the hot air drying time is 4-6 h, and the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃; the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily; 2) inverting the shaped water lily obtained in the step 1), and then performing microwave drying to obtain dried and shaped water lily; the microwave drying time is 5-6 min, and the microwave drying power is 400-560W.
The results of the embodiments of the present invention show that: by adopting the method provided by the invention, the obtained water lily has the wrinkle shrinkage of 15.35-25.64% and the water content of 5.15-5.89%, and the shape of water lily petals is effectively maintained in the drying process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a food-grade water lily flower shaping splint;
FIG. 2 is the product of the process of example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the dried flowers of water lily of the control 3 process in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 shows dried flowers of water lily dried at 70 ℃ in control 1 of comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is 560W dried water lily flower of control 2 of comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is the appearance of the dried flowers of water lily stored for 10 months according to the process of example 3;
FIG. 7 is the front view of the dried water lily flower of the control 1 process in comparative example 2 after 145 days of storage;
FIG. 8 is a back side of the dried flowers of water lily in the comparative example 2 of the control 1 process after 145 days of storage.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a water lily drying and shaping method, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing the water lily upside down in a shaping splint, clamping and then carrying out hot air drying to obtain the shaped water lily;
the hot air drying time is 4-6 h, and the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃;
the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily;
2) inverting the shaped water lily obtained in the step 1), and then performing microwave drying to obtain dried and shaped water lily;
the microwave drying time is 5-6 min, and the microwave drying power is 400-560W.
The water lily is placed upside down in a shaping splint, and hot air drying is carried out after clamping to obtain the shaped water lily; the hot air drying time is 4-6 h, and the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃; the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and an iron wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily.
In the present invention, the water lily is preferably freshly picked water lily, and the picking time is preferably 9 to 11 am. The picking method is preferably as follows: the pedicel is cut off at a position 15-25 cm away from the receptacle by scissors, so that the carrying is convenient.
In the invention, the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily.
In the invention, the interval of each water lily in the shaping splint is preferably 1-2 cm.
In the invention, the silica gel pad is preferably a food-grade fine-pore silica gel pad, and the specification of the fine-pore silica gel pad is preferably 1.1mm in thickness and 0.8mm in pore diameter. In the invention, the silica gel pad is directly contacted with the water lily, so that the silica gel pad can be prevented from being adhered to spilled substances in the ovary of the water lily flower.
In the invention, the steamer cloth is preferably pure cotton steamer cloth, and the number of the layers of the pure cotton steamer cloth is preferably 8-12, and more preferably 10. In the invention, the silica gel pad and the pure cotton steamer are soft in texture, water-absorbing, breathable and high-temperature resistant, and can be tightly attached to the nymphaea tetragona petals in the drying process to achieve the shaping effect.
In the invention, the hole diameter of the wire net rack is preferably 1cm × 1cm, and the wire net rack plays a role in fixing, in the invention, the wire net rack is preferably a food-grade 304 stainless steel grid.
In the invention, the time for hot air drying is preferably 5 hours, and the temperature for hot air drying is preferably 60-70 ℃. In the invention, after the water lily is dried by hot air, the petals of the water lily are completely dried, and the ovary of the water lily still contains a large amount of water.
In the invention, the water lily is preferably placed upside down in a shaping splint after being pretreated; the pretreatment preferably comprises: removing the calyx valve of the water lily, and cleaning the receptacle and pedicel wrapping the ovary.
Inverting the obtained shaped water lily and then carrying out microwave drying to obtain dried and shaped water lily; the microwave drying time is 5-6 min, and the microwave drying power is 400-560W.
In the invention, during microwave drying, the interval of each shaped water lily is preferably 1-2 cm. The invention preferably places the shaped water lily on glass fiber for microwave drying. In the invention, the water lily ovary can be quickly dehydrated after the shaped water lily is subjected to microwave drying.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
S1: selecting and picking flowers. The water lily flowers are picked from 9 to 11 o' clock half a day when the water lily flowers bloom in the first day. Selecting the water lily flowers with the flower diameters of 10-12 cm (not counting sepal petals) in a natural blooming state. The water lily flower is characterized in that the water lily flower is opened in the first day: the stamens are all vertically upward and are regularly arranged around the pistils, no pollen is secreted, and nectar is secreted from pistil stigma. The picking method comprises the following steps: the pedicel is cut off by scissors at a position 15 to 25cm away from the receptacle, and the carrying is convenient.
S2: and (4) pretreatment of the water lily after picking.
Water lily belongs to aquatic flowers, and petals of the water lily rapidly wither and brown in a small amount under a water loss state, so that pretreatment is needed in production when a large amount of flowers are picked and cannot be rapidly dried and processed. Putting a square cowhells plastic shallow basin with the height of 15-25 cm in a clean room with the temperature of about 25 ℃, injecting running water with the water level of about 15-25 cm, uniformly laying picked tropical water lily on the water surface in the square plastic shallow basin according to the length of a pedicel, wherein the water level height is favorable for the pedicel to vertically extend into the water in a natural state, and the water lily flower naturally floats on the water surface, so that the water lily flower is prevented from being stacked and the biological heat is favorably dissipated. Taking out the water lily in the shallow basin in sequence for cleaning treatment, wherein the specific treatment method comprises the following steps: removing the calyx of the water lily, removing the receptacle wrapping the ovary with scissors, transversely cutting the connection part of the receptacle and the pedicel, removing the pedicel, and immediately cleaning.
S3, cleaning: the stamen stigma of the tropical water lily is washed by using low-flow-rate tap water, and the bee insects drowned in nectar are removed. Then, the petals are washed in sequence, impurities on the petals are washed, and after the washing is finished, the water lily flowers are spread on a tray and are ready to be baked.
S4, manufacturing the food-grade water lily flower shaping splint. The shaping splint is made of three parts, wherein the first part is a food-grade fine-pore silica gel pad which is directly contacted with the water lily flower, so that the adhesion of the water lily flower with spills in a ovary of the flower can be avoided; the second part is 10 layers of pure cotton steamer cloth, the first and second parts have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, adhesion resistance, food grade, water absorption and softness, the ovary of the water lily is thick, the petals are very thin, the pure cotton steamer cloth is soft and has plasticity, the pure cotton steamer cloth can be tightly attached to the petals and the ovary in the pressing process, the water of the water lily petals and the ovary can be rapidly and uniformly absorbed, and the shaping effect is achieved; the third part of materials are food-grade stainless steel grids which have strong supporting force and achieve the pressing effect; the three parts of materials are stacked in sequence to form one plate of the shaping splint, the water lily flower is horizontally placed between the two plates, the iron clamps are fastened, and the shaping effect can be achieved after the petals are dehydrated.
S5, hot air drying and shaping: transferring the flos Nymphaeae from the tray to a shaping press plate, inverting the flos Nphaeae with its stigma surface facing downwards and its back surface facing upwards, pressing on the flos Nphaeae with another press plate, fastening the two clamp plates in alignment, cutting without translation and kneading,
every flower is placed in a hot air blast box for drying at the interval of 1cm, the time is set to 4 hours, and the temperature is set to 70 ℃.
S6, microwave drying and fragrance extraction: a piece of baking cloth is laid at the bottom of a microwave oven, is made of glass fiber, is characterized by high temperature resistance, does not adhere to food, is in food grade and is commonly used for baking cakes. After the hot air drying is finished, the pressing plate is immediately taken out, the pistil of the water lily is lightly clamped by the food clamp to take the water lily out and move the water lily to the baking cloth of the microwave oven, the water lily flower is in a semi-dry state (petals are dry, a ovary is wet), the flower is immediately inverted on the baking cloth of the microwave oven, the front face of the flower faces downwards, the back face of the flower faces upwards, on one hand, the situation that the colloid overflowing from the bottom of the ovary is adhered to the baking cloth is avoided, on the other hand, the situation that the stamen group is vertically dispersed to be in a hedgehog shape due to water loss in the drying process is avoided. The spacing between every two flowers is 2 cm.
Time setting: 5 min;
setting power: 560W.
The water content of the water lily flower petals at this stage is very low, the water content of the ovary is still high, microwave drying is to stimulate polar molecules in food to move by microwave, so that heat is generated, the inside of the water lily flower petals can be heated simultaneously, the ovary with high water content is heated uniformly, the water content of the petals is very low, the polar molecules are few, and the petals can still keep a flat shape. The water lily ovary and the petal have overlarge moisture content difference, when the petals are dried, the ovary still contains a large amount of moisture, if the ovary is directly dried, the petals are easy to be burnt, and the problem of unbalanced drying can be effectively solved through the hot air-microwave combined drying mode. In the microwave drying stage, the moisture content in the ovary can be rapidly lost, and Maillard reaction is generated, so that new fragrance is generated, and the ovary has unique characteristics.
S7: packaging: and (3) packaging by using a semi-aluminized vacuum bag, wherein the back surface of the flower faces to the aluminized side, and the front surface of the flower faces to the transparent side, so that the color and the form of the water lily flower can be better displayed, and a food drying agent is placed before sealing.
S8, verification of petal wrinkle rate and water content: in order to test the shaping and drying effects of the embodiment on the water lily flowers, two indexes of petal wrinkling rate and water content are set. Measuring petal wrinkle ratio PW% (PW is recorded as petal wrinkle ratio): selecting fresh water lily flowers, measuring the width of the middle parts of 10 petals randomly by using a vernier caliper, and recording as PW0i(0 is the initial petal width, i is the number of measured petals), after drying, the width of the middle part of 10 petals is measured randomly again by a vernier caliper and is marked as PWdi (d is the dry petal width, i is the number of measured petals), and the petal contraction ratio of the sample is PW% [1- (∑ PW ] percentagedi/∑PW0i)]*100. The water content is measured by adopting a conventional wet basis water content measuring method: wet basis water content/% (mass at time t-mass after complete drying)/mass at time t]×100。
As a result: the wrinkle ratio was 15.35%, and the water content was 5.15%.
S9: compared with the finished product adopting other drying modes, the water lily flower dried according to the process of the embodiment has the advantages of low wrinkle rate, flat and unfolded petals, no brown stain and prolonged storage period; the dried water lily can be stored for a long time, can be soaked into water lily scented tea, or added when soup is cooked, and can also be added on a cake for decoration, so that the water lily cake has both ornamental and edible properties.
Example 2
The hot air drying time is 6 hours, and the temperature is 70 ℃; the microwave drying power is 400W, the time is 4min, other conditions are the same as example 1, and the result is that: the wrinkle ratio was 25.64%, and the water content was 5.27%.
Example 3
The hot air drying time is 4 hours, and the temperature is 50 ℃; the microwave drying power is 560W, the time is 5min, other conditions are the same as example 1, and the result is: the wrinkle ratio was 20.46%, and the water content was 5.89%.
Comparative example 1
The water lily flowers (with the diameter of 10-12 cm) which bloom in the first day are picked from 10: 00 to 10: 30 in the morning.
Control 1: drying the water lily flower with 60, 70 and 80 deg.C hot air respectively until the water content is lower than 6%.
Control 2: microwave drying the water lily flowers by 400W, 560W and 700W respectively until the water content is lower than 6 percent.
Control 3: freeze-drying flos Nymphaeae at-50 deg.C under vacuum degree of 30Pa until water content is lower than 6%.
Test groups: example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water lily wrinkling and hydration results
As can be seen from Table 1, the finished product prepared by the process has a significantly lower wrinkle rate than other processes, and can effectively maintain the shape of the petals of the water lily in the drying process. As can be seen from the comparison of fig. 2 with fig. 3, 4 and 5, the dried flos Nymphaeae of fig. 2 has flat petals, while the dried flos Nymphaeae of the control group has severe shrinkage, the microwave dried flos Nymphaeae has partial scorch, and the cut petals have crisp texture and are easy to break.
Comparative example 2
Control 1: selecting water lily flowers with the diameter of 10-12 cm (not counting sepal petals) in a natural blooming state, and manufacturing a food-grade water lily flower shaping splint, wherein the thickness of pure cotton cloth in the splint is 10 layers. Cleaning the water lily flower, transferring the water lily flower to a shaping pressing plate, inverting the water lily flower with the column head surface facing downwards and the flower back surface facing upwards, pressing the water lily flower with another pressing plate, aligning and fastening the two clamping plates, and performing hot air drying by using a hot air dryer at the temperature of 70 ℃ until the water content of the water lily flower is lower than 6%. Vacuum packaging, and storing in shade.
Test groups: example 3. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparative results
As can be seen from table 2, the storage period of the dried water lily flowers is greatly prolonged by using the hot air-microwave combined drying mode, the hot air drying mode cannot be used for sterilizing the ovary parts of the water lily, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, after the dried water lily flowers are stored for 145 days, the ovary formulas mildew, while the storage period of the dried water lily flowers adopting the process of example 3 can reach more than 10 months (as shown in fig. 6), and no mildew signs are found. The food-grade water lily flower shaping splint can be used only in hot air drying, and the petals are not easy to deform and shrink due to the fact that the water content of the petals is extremely low, the polar molecules are few, and the characteristic that microwaves heat the polar molecules is combined. Therefore, in the hot air drying stage, the food-grade water lily flower shaping splint is adopted to achieve the effect of shaping the petals, and then the dehydration and sterilization are rapidly carried out in a microwave drying mode, so that the storage period of the finished product is prolonged.
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, the water lily obtained by the method provided by the invention has the wrinkle shrinkage of 15.35-25.64% and the water content of 5.15-5.89%, and the shape of the water lily petals is effectively maintained in the drying process.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water lily drying and shaping method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing the water lily upside down in a shaping splint, clamping and then carrying out hot air drying to obtain the shaped water lily;
the hot air drying time is 4-6 h, and the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃;
the shaping clamping plate is composed of two plates with the same structure and material, the plates are sequentially provided with a silica gel pad, a steamer cloth and a wire net rack from top to bottom, and the silica gel pad is tightly attached to the water lily;
2) inverting the shaped water lily obtained in the step 1), and then performing microwave drying to obtain dried and shaped water lily;
the microwave drying time is 5-6 min, and the microwave drying power is 400-560W.
2. The drying and sizing method according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo steamer cloth is pure cotton bamboo steamer cloth, and the number of layers of the pure cotton bamboo steamer cloth is 8-12.
3. The drying and sizing method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the silica gel pad is 1.1 mm.
4. The dry-sizing method according to claim 1, wherein the water lily is pre-treated and then placed upside down in a sizing splint;
the pretreatment comprises the following steps: removing the calyx valve of the water lily, and cleaning the receptacle and pedicel wrapping the ovary.
5. The drying and sizing method according to claim 1, wherein each water lily is spaced 1-2 cm apart in the sizing splint.
6. The drying and shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the interval between every two shaped water lily is 1-2 cm during the microwave drying in the step 2).
7. The drying and sizing method according to claim 2, wherein the number of layers of the pure cotton bamboo steamer cloth is 10.
8. The drying and shaping method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the shaped water lily is placed on glass fiber for microwave drying.
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| CN203072834U (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-07-24 | 梅州市本草源科技有限公司 | Fresh chrysanthemum drying device |
| CN103504448A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-15 | 四川银谷玫瑰科技有限公司 | Comprehensive method for drying rosebuds through microwave vacuum and heated air circulation |
| CN107166880A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 海南荣丰花卉有限公司 | A kind of method of the blue medicine oral shui solution of microwave drying |
| CN207197095U (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2018-04-06 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | A kind of quick-drying plant embossing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203072834U (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-07-24 | 梅州市本草源科技有限公司 | Fresh chrysanthemum drying device |
| CN103504448A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-01-15 | 四川银谷玫瑰科技有限公司 | Comprehensive method for drying rosebuds through microwave vacuum and heated air circulation |
| CN107166880A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 海南荣丰花卉有限公司 | A kind of method of the blue medicine oral shui solution of microwave drying |
| CN207197095U (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2018-04-06 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | A kind of quick-drying plant embossing device |
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