CN111463847B - Battery protection chip and battery protection board - Google Patents
Battery protection chip and battery protection board Download PDFInfo
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- CN111463847B CN111463847B CN202010158064.XA CN202010158064A CN111463847B CN 111463847 B CN111463847 B CN 111463847B CN 202010158064 A CN202010158064 A CN 202010158064A CN 111463847 B CN111463847 B CN 111463847B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery protection chip and a battery protection plate. The battery protection chip comprises a first starting comparator, a current source circuit and a variable delay circuit, wherein the first starting comparator is connected with an overcurrent detection end and is used for forming a first control signal based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end and a first short-circuit reference voltage; the current source circuit is connected with the overcurrent detection end and is used for forming delay control current based on detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end; the variable delay circuit is connected with the first starting comparator and the current source circuit and used for adjusting the short-circuit delay time and outputting a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the delay control current. The battery protection chip can adjust the short-circuit delay time in real time according to the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end, so that the short-circuit delay time is matched with the rising speed of the current in the short-circuit process, and the short-circuit protection effect is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery protection, in particular to a battery protection chip and a battery protection plate.
Background
The lithium battery has the characteristics of high performance, high density, small volume, light weight and the like, so that the lithium battery is always the first choice of portable product batteries in recent years, and different from other batteries, in order to ensure the normal and safe operation of the lithium battery, a battery protection board connected with the lithium battery is required to be arranged for ensuring that the lithium battery is not in abnormal states such as overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, short circuit and the like, and the battery protection board is provided with a battery protection chip, a power switch tube, peripheral resistance-capacitance elements and the like. In practical applications such as energy storage systems and electric vehicles, in order to ensure that electric equipment has sufficient voltage and endurance time, a plurality of parallel or series battery packs are often required to be configured on the electric equipment, so as to improve the capacity of the battery packs.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a conventional battery protection plate. As shown in fig. 1, the battery protection boards are disposed at two ends of the battery pack B1/B2 … … BN, and include a battery protection chip U1, a discharge power transistor M1 connected to the over-discharge protection output DO of the battery protection chip U1, a charge power transistor M2 connected to the over-charge protection output CO of the battery protection chip U1, and a sampling resistor RS connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI of the battery protection chip U1, one end of the sampling resistor RS is connected to the ground terminal VSS, and the other end is connected to the discharge power transistor M1 and the charge power transistor M2 connected in series; the discharge power transistor M1 is connected to a discharge loop (not shown in the figure) for controlling the discharge loop to operate according to the driving control signal output by the over-discharge protection output terminal DO; the charging power transistor M2 is connected to a charging circuit (not shown in the figure) for controlling the charging circuit to operate according to the driving control signal output from the overcharge protection output terminal CO. The battery protection chip U1 includes a short-circuit comparator CMP0 connected to the overcurrent detection terminal VINI, a fixed delay circuit 11 connected to the short-circuit comparator CMP0, a logic processing circuit 12 connected to the fixed delay circuit 11, an overdischarge driving circuit 13 connected to the logic processing circuit 12 and the overdischarge protection output terminal DO, and an overcharge driving circuit 14 connected to the logic processing circuit 12 and the overcharge protection output terminal CO.
The battery protection chip U1 can realize short-circuit protection, and the realization principle is as follows: along with the gradual increase of the voltage flowing through the sampling resistor RS, the detection voltage of the over-current detection end VINI of the battery protection chip U1 gradually rises, the short-circuit comparator CMP0 compares the detection voltage with a short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref preset inside, and when the detection voltage exceeds the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, the output of the short-circuit comparator CMP0 is converted from a high level to a low level to start the fixed delay circuit 11; a short delay (typically a preset short delay time, such as 300us) is formed based on the fixed delay circuit 11; if the detection voltage is still higher than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref after a short time delay, the logic processing circuit 12 and the over-discharge driving circuit 13 are used to convert the driving control signal of the over-discharge protection output terminal DO from a high level to a low level, and control the discharge power transistor M1 to turn off to cut off the discharge loop, thereby achieving the purpose of short-circuit protection.
The battery protection chip U1 has the following disadvantages when implementing short-circuit protection: firstly, when a battery pack with a large battery capacity is in short circuit, the current rising speed is very high, usually about 100us can reach a peak value, and the short circuit delay time of the traditional battery protection chip U1 is generally fixed delay time (such as 300us) and cannot be matched with the current rising speed, so that the short circuit protection effect is poor; secondly, because the requirement of heat dissipation needs to be considered at the same time when discharging large current, the discharging power transistor M1 is generally used by connecting a plurality of high-power MOSFETs in parallel, at this time, the parasitic capacitance is large, which results in a long turn-off time of the discharging power transistor M1, and if the discharging power transistor M1 cannot be turned off in time, the potential safety hazards such as burning of a discharging loop or ignition of a battery cell are caused; moreover, if the short circuit delay time is directly shortened or removed, the over-current detection end VINI is easily interfered by external signals, or the over-current detection end VINI cannot be normally started when a part of applications require a large starting current.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery protection chip and a battery protection plate, which aim to solve the problem that the short-circuit delay time in the conventional battery protection chip cannot be matched with the current rising speed when a battery is in short circuit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery protection chip, which comprises a first starting comparator, a current source circuit and a variable time delay circuit, wherein the first starting comparator is connected with an overcurrent detection end and is used for forming a first control signal based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end and a first short-circuit reference voltage; the current source circuit is connected with the over-current detection end and is used for forming a delay control current based on the detection voltage of the over-current detection end; the variable delay circuit is connected with the first starting comparator and the current source circuit and used for adjusting short-circuit delay time and outputting a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the delay control current.
Preferably, the variable delay circuit comprises a delay starting switch tube, a delay capacitor, a delay ending comparator and a logic and gate; the grid electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the first starting comparator, the source electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the delay capacitor, and the drain electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the current source circuit and the delay ending comparator and is used for controlling conduction according to the first control signal and charging the delay capacitor by adopting the delay control current; the delay end comparator is connected with the drain electrode of the delay starting switch tube and is used for forming a second control signal based on the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor and the short-circuit protection voltage threshold; and the logic AND gate is connected with the first starting comparator and the delay ending comparator and is used for forming a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal.
Preferably, the current source circuit comprises a fixed current branch and a variable current branch; the fixed current branch is used for outputting fixed current; the variable current branch is connected with the overcurrent detection end and used for outputting variable current based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end.
Preferably, the fixed current branch comprises a first current source and a first voltage source; one end of the first voltage source is grounded, and the other end of the first voltage source is connected with the first current source and used for outputting fixed voltage to the first current source; the first current source is connected with the first voltage source and the variable delay circuit, and is used for forming a fixed current based on the fixed voltage and outputting the fixed current to the variable delay circuit.
Preferably, the variable current branch comprises a second current source and a subtractor circuit; one end of the subtractor circuit is connected with the over-current detection end and is used for forming a variable voltage based on the detection voltage of the over-current detection end and outputting the variable voltage to the second current source; the second current source is connected with the subtracter circuit and the variable delay circuit, and is used for forming a variable current based on the variable voltage and outputting the variable current to the variable delay circuit.
Preferably, the subtractor circuit includes an operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a second voltage source; one end of the first resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier and the second resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier and the first resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is connected with the second voltage source; one end of the third resistor is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the fourth resistor, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the over-current detection end; one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the third resistor, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded; and one end of the second voltage source is connected with the second resistor, and the other end of the second voltage source is grounded and is used for providing comparison voltage for the operational amplifier.
Preferably, the battery protection chip further comprises a logic processing circuit connected to the variable delay circuit, an over-discharge driving circuit arranged between the logic processing circuit and an over-discharge protection output terminal, and an over-charge driving circuit arranged between the logic processing circuit and an over-charge protection output terminal; and the logic processing circuit is used for controlling the over-discharge driving circuit and the over-charge driving circuit to output a turn-off driving signal according to the short-circuit protection signal.
Preferably, the battery protection chip further includes a short circuit driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and the over-discharge protection output terminal, and the logic processing circuit is configured to control the short circuit driving circuit to output a short circuit driving signal according to the short circuit protection signal.
Preferably, the battery protection chip further comprises a second start comparator connected to the overcurrent detection end, a fixed delay circuit connected to the second start comparator, a logic processing circuit connected to the fixed delay circuit, an overdischarge driving circuit arranged between the logic processing circuit and the overdischarge protection output end, an overcharge driving circuit arranged between the logic processing circuit and the overcharge protection output end, and an output driving circuit connected to the variable delay circuit; the second starting comparator is used for forming a fixed starting signal for controlling the fixed delay circuit based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end and a second short-circuit reference voltage, and the second short-circuit reference voltage is smaller than the first short-circuit reference voltage; and the output driving circuit is connected with a peripheral short circuit driving circuit and used for forming an output driving signal based on the short circuit protection signal.
The battery protection board provided by the embodiment of the invention is arranged at two ends of a battery pack, comprises a sampling resistor for connecting the battery pack, and a discharging power transistor and a charging power transistor which are connected with the sampling resistor, and is characterized by also comprising the battery protection chip connected with the two ends of the battery pack, wherein the overcharge detection end of the battery protection chip is connected with the sampling resistor.
In the battery protection chip and the battery protection board provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first starting comparator connected with the overcurrent detection end forms a first control signal based on the detection voltage and the first short-circuit reference voltage, so that the variable delay circuit is started to work based on the first control signal, and the effect of controlling the variable delay circuit to work based on the detection voltage which changes in real time is achieved; the current source circuit connected with the overcurrent detection end can convert the detection voltage into the delay control current, so that the delay control current changes along with the change of the detection voltage; the variable delay circuit starts short-circuit protection work according to a first control signal output by the first starting comparator, specifically adjusts short-circuit delay time in real time according to delay control current, outputs a short-circuit protection signal after the short-circuit delay time is finished, and performs short-circuit protection operation based on the short-circuit protection signal, so that a short-circuit protection effect is guaranteed, that is, the short-circuit delay time can be adjusted in real time according to detection voltage of an overcurrent detection end, so that the short-circuit delay time is matched with the current rising speed, and the short-circuit protection effect is guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional battery protection plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a battery protection plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another schematic block diagram of a battery protection plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the battery protection chip U1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery protection chip U1, wherein the battery protection chip U1 can be applied to a battery protection board shown in fig. 2 and 3 and is connected with two ends of a battery pack B1/B2 … … BN, so as to realize short circuit detection and protection of the two ends of the battery pack. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the battery protection chip U1 includes a first start comparator CMP1, a current source circuit 15, and a variable delay circuit 16, the first start comparator CMP1 is connected to the over current detection terminal VINI, and is configured to form a first control signal based on a detection voltage of the over current detection terminal VINI and a first short reference voltage Vr 1; the current source circuit 15 is connected with the overcurrent detection end VINI and is used for forming a delay control current based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end VINI; the variable delay circuit 16 is connected to the first start comparator CMP1 and the current source circuit 15, and is configured to adjust the short-circuit delay time and output a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the delay control current.
The first start comparator CMP1 is a comparator connected to the variable delay circuit 16 for controlling the operation of the variable delay circuit 16. The first short reference voltage Vr1 is a reference voltage set in advance for causing the first start comparator CMP1 to determine whether or not short-circuiting. As an example, the first start comparator CMP1 is connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI of the battery protection chip U1, and configured to receive a detection voltage of the over-current detection terminal VINI, compare the detection voltage with the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1, and if the detection voltage is greater than the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1, output of the first start comparator CMP1 is changed from a low level to a high level, and output a first control signal of the high level.
The current source circuit 15 is a circuit formed based on a current source. In this example, the current source circuit 15 is a circuit in which a current source is controlled by an input voltage, the current source circuit 15 is connected to the overcurrent detection terminal VINI and the variable delay circuit 16, and can form a delay control current that can be changed along with a change in the detection voltage based on the detection voltage sampled by the overcurrent detection terminal VINI, and input the variable delay circuit 16 to the variable delay circuit 16. As can be appreciated, since the detection voltage sampled by the over-current detection terminal VINI in real time is constantly changed, the magnitude of the delay control current output to the variable delay circuit 16 is changed in real time. In this example, the delay control current is proportional to the sense voltage. For example, when the battery pack is short-circuited, the detection voltage sampled by the overcurrent detection terminal VINI in real time gradually increases, so that the corresponding delay control current correspondingly increases.
The variable delay circuit 16 is a circuit that is connected to the first start comparator CMP1 and the current source circuit 15 and can automatically adjust the short circuit delay time. As an example, the variable delay circuit 16 is connected to the first start comparator CMP1 for receiving the first control signal of the first start comparator CMP1 to determine whether to start the variable delay circuit 16 for short-circuit protection according to the first control signal. The variable delay circuit 16 is connected to the current source circuit 15, and is configured to automatically adjust the short-circuit delay time based on the delay control current input by the current source circuit 15 when the variable delay circuit 16 is turned on, and output a short-circuit protection signal after the short-circuit delay time is over, so as to perform short-circuit protection based on the short-circuit protection signal, for example, control the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to stop working. In this example, the short circuit delay time is inversely proportional to the delay control current. For example, when a short circuit occurs in the battery pack, the detection voltage sampled by the overcurrent detection terminal VINI in real time gradually increases, so that the corresponding delay control current is correspondingly increased to shorten the short circuit delay time, and a short circuit protection signal is output to perform short circuit protection based on the short circuit protection signal, thereby ensuring the short circuit protection effect.
In the battery protection chip U1 provided in this embodiment, the first start comparator CMP1 connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI forms a first control signal based on the detection voltage and the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1, so as to start the variable delay circuit 16 to operate based on the first control signal, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the operation of the variable delay circuit 16 based on the detection voltage varying in real time; the current source circuit 15 connected with the overcurrent detection end VINI can convert the detection voltage into a delay control current, so that the delay control current changes along with the change of the detection voltage; the variable delay circuit 16 starts short-circuit protection according to a first control signal output by the first start comparator CMP1, specifically adjusts short-circuit delay time in real time according to delay control current, outputs a short-circuit protection signal after the short-circuit delay time is over, and performs short-circuit protection operation based on the short-circuit protection signal, thereby ensuring a short-circuit protection effect, that is, adjusting short-circuit delay time in real time according to detection voltage of the over-current detection terminal VINI can be realized, so that the short-circuit delay time matches with the rising speed of the short-circuit delay current, and the short-circuit protection effect is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the variable delay circuit 16 includes a delay start switch Q1, a delay capacitor C1, a delay end comparator CMP3, and a logic and gate a 1; the gate of the delay start switching tube Q1 is connected with a first start comparator CMP1, the source is connected with a delay capacitor C1, the drain is connected with the current source circuit 15 and the delay end comparator CMP3, and the delay start switching tube Q1 is used for controlling conduction according to a first control signal and charging the delay capacitor C1 by adopting a delay control current; the delay end comparator CMP3 is connected to the drain of the delay start switch Q1, and is configured to form a second control signal based on the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor C1 and the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref; the logic and gate a1 is connected to the first start comparator CMP1 and the end-of-delay comparator CMP3 for forming a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal.
The delay start switch Q1 is a switch for controlling whether to start the variable delay circuit 16, and is specifically a MOS transistor. The short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref is a reference voltage that is set in advance for the delay end comparator CMP3 to determine whether or not a short circuit has occurred.
The grid electrode of the delay starting switch tube Q1 is connected with a first starting comparator CMP1, the source electrode is connected with a delay capacitor C1, and the drain electrode is connected with the current source circuit 15 and a delay ending comparator CMP 3; and the end-of-delay comparator CMP3 is connected to the drain of the delay-start switch Q1. As an example, when the detection voltage is greater than the first short reference voltage Vr1, the first start comparator CMP1 outputs a high-level first control signal to the delay start switch Q1 to turn on the delay start switch Q1, i.e., turn on the drain and the source of the delay start switch Q1; at this time, the current source circuit 15 connected to the drain of the delay start switch Q1 may inject a delay control current into the delay capacitor C1 to charge the delay capacitor C1 with the delay control current, because the drain of the delay start switch Q1 is also connected to the delay end comparator CMP3, the delay end comparator CMP3 may collect the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor C1 in real time, and compare the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor C1 with the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, when the capacitor voltage is greater than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, the short-circuit delay time is ended, the output of the delay end comparator CMP3 is converted from a low level to a high level, and a second control signal of the high level is output.
In this example, the short circuit delay time may be calculated by the following formula: t isshortVref c1/lk, where TshortFor the short-circuit delay time, Vref is a short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, C1 is a capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor C1, and lk is a delay control current. According to the formula, the short-circuit delay time is inversely proportional to the delay control current, namely the larger the delay control current is, the smaller the short-circuit delay time is, and the more favorable the short-circuit protection effect is.
In this example, a logical and gate a1 is connected to the first start comparator CMP1 and the end-of-delay comparator CMP3 for forming a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal. Specifically, when the first control signal and the second control signal are both at a high level, that is, the detection voltage of the over-current detection terminal VINI is greater than the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1, and the capacitor voltage of the delay capacitor C1 is greater than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, the output of the logic and gate a1 is switched from a low level to a high level to output a high-level short-circuit protection signal, and a short-circuit protection operation is performed based on the short-circuit protection signal, so that a short-circuit protection effect is ensured. The first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1 may be the same as or different from the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the current source circuit 15 includes a fixed current branch 151 and a variable current branch 152; the fixed current branch 151 is used to output a fixed current; the variable current branch 152 is connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI, and is configured to output a variable current based on a detection voltage of the over-current detection terminal VINI.
In this example, the current source circuit 15 includes the fixed current branch 151 and the variable current branch 152, and thus the delay control current includes the fixed current output by the fixed current branch 151 and the variable current output by the variable current branch 152 as a sum of them. In this example, when the delay start switch Q1 is turned on, the fixed current branch 151 inputs a fixed current to the delay capacitor C1, the variable current branch 152 inputs a variable current to the delay capacitor C1 to charge the delay capacitor C1 with the fixed current and the variable current at the same time, when the capacitor voltage of the delay capacitor C1 is higher than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, the output of the delay end comparator CMP3 is changed from a low level to a high level, and the short-circuit delay time is ended to output the second control signal. It is understood that the delay control current comprises a fixed current, so that the delay control current comprises a minimum current (i.e. a fixed current) of the short-circuit delay, so as to avoid the short-circuit error protection phenomenon of the battery protection chip U1 due to the accidental interference signal; the delay control current comprises a variable current, and the short-circuit delay time can be adjusted in real time according to the magnitude of the variable current, so that a more effective short-circuit protection effect is realized.
Since the delay control current is the sum of the fixed current and the variable current, i.e., lk ═ l1+ l2, the short-circuit delay time can be calculated using the following equation: t isshortVref c1/(l1+ l2), where TshortFor the short circuit delay time, Vref is the short circuit protection voltage threshold, C1 is the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor C1, l1 is the fixed current, and l2 is the variable current. According to the formula, the short-circuit delay time is inversely proportional to the delay control current, namely the larger the delay control current is, the smaller the short-circuit delay time is, and the more favorable the short-circuit protection effect is.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the fixed current branch 151 includes a first current source I1 and a first voltage source V1; one end of the first voltage source V1 is grounded, and the other end is connected with the first current source I1 and used for outputting a fixed voltage to the first current source I1; the first current source I1 is connected to the first voltage source V1 and the variable delay circuit 16, and is used for forming a fixed current based on a fixed voltage and outputting the fixed current to the variable delay circuit 16.
The first voltage source V1 is a voltage source for supplying a fixed voltage. The first current source I1 is a current source connected to the first voltage source V1 and controlled by the first voltage source V1, the first current source I1 can convert the fixed voltage of the first voltage source V1 into a fixed current, and when the delay starting switch Q1 is turned on, the fixed current is input to the delay capacitor C1, so that the delay capacitor C1 is charged by the fixed current, and the phenomenon of short-circuit error protection of the battery protection chip U1 due to accidental interference signals can be avoided.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the variable current branch 152 includes a second current source I2 and a subtractor circuit; one end of the subtractor circuit is connected with the over-current detection end VINI and is used for forming variable voltage based on the detection voltage of the over-current detection end VINI and outputting the variable voltage to the second current source I2; the second current source I2 is connected to the subtractor circuit and the variable delay circuit 16, and is configured to form a variable current based on the variable voltage and output the variable current to the variable delay circuit 16.
The subtractor circuit is a circuit for providing a variable current, and specifically, one end of the subtractor circuit is connected to the overcurrent detection terminal VINI and is configured to receive a detection voltage input by the overcurrent detection terminal VINI, so as to perform subtraction operation by using the overcurrent detection terminal VINI.
The second current source I2 is a variable voltage controlled current source connected to the subtractor circuit output by the subtractor circuit. The second current source I2 may convert the variable voltage of the subtractor circuit into a variable current, and when the delay start switch Q1 is turned on, the variable voltage is input to the delay capacitor C1, so as to charge the delay capacitor C1 by using the variable current, charge the delay capacitor C1 by using the fixed current and the variable current, and output the short-circuit protection signal when the capacitor voltage of the delay capacitor C1 is greater than the short-circuit protection voltage threshold Vref, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the short-circuit delay time in real time according to the magnitude of the variable current, so as to achieve a more effective short-circuit protection effect.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the subtractor circuit includes an operational amplifier OP1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a second voltage source V2; one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and the second resistor R2, and the other end is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier OP 1; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and the first resistor R1, and the other end is connected with the second voltage source V2; one end of the third resistor R3 is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and the fourth resistor R4, and the other end is connected with the over-current detection end VINI; one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive input end of the operational amplifier OP1 and the third resistor R3, and the other end is grounded; the second voltage source V2 has one end connected to the second resistor R2 and the other end connected to ground for providing a comparison voltage to the operational amplifier OP 1.
In this example, the operational amplifier OP1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4 and the second voltage source V2 form a subtractor circuit, a positive input terminal of the subtractor circuit is connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI for receiving a detection voltage Vin1 corresponding to the over-current detection terminal VINI, a negative input terminal of the subtractor circuit is connected to the second voltage source V2 for receiving a comparison voltage Vin2 of the second voltage source V2, an output terminal of the subtractor circuit outputs a variable voltage Vo, resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively, and the variable voltage Vo can be calculated by the following formula:
in order to eliminate the error introduced by the bias circuit at the input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1, it is necessary to ensure the balance of the output resistors from the two terminals of the operational amplifier OP1 to the outside, i.e. the output resistors are balanced
At this time
Therefore, the ratio of the variable voltage Vo output by the operational amplifier OP1 to the voltage difference between the two input terminals can be changed by setting a proportional coefficient corresponding to the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the proportional operational relationship between the short-circuit delay time and the detection voltage Vin1 corresponding to the over-current detection terminal VINI can be set by the coefficient. For example, r 1-r 2 may be set, so Vo-Vin 1-Vin 2. It can be understood that, when the comparison voltage Vin2 of the second voltage source V2 is fixed, the variable voltage Vo may vary with the variation of the sensing voltage Vin1 corresponding to the over-current sensing terminal VINI.
In this example, the larger the current flowing through the battery pack is, the higher the detection voltage Vin1 of the overcurrent detection terminal VINI is, and when the comparison voltage Vin2 is a fixed value, the variable voltage Vo will rise correspondingly; the variable voltage Vo is increased to increase the variable current, so that the charging time of the delay capacitor C1 is shortened, that is, the short-circuit delay time is shortened, and therefore, the short-circuit protection effect that the larger the short-circuit current of the battery is, the smaller the short-circuit delay time is can be realized, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the battery protection chip U1 further includes a logic processing circuit 12 connected to the variable delay circuit 16, an overdischarge driving circuit 13 disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the overdischarge protection output terminal DO, and an overcharge driving circuit 14 disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the overcharge protection output terminal CO; the logic processing circuit 12 is configured to control the over-discharge driving circuit 13 and the over-charge driving circuit 14 to output a turn-off driving signal according to the short-circuit protection signal.
In this example, the short-circuit protection signal output by the variable delay circuit 16 is a signal formed by processing the first control signal and the second control signal through the logic and gate a1, and only when the first control signal and the second control signal are at high level at the same time, the short-circuit protection signal at high level is output, and at this time, the short-circuit protection signal is sent to the logic processing circuit 12, so that the logic processing circuit 12 controls the over-discharge driving circuit 13 and the over-charge driving circuit 14 to output the turn-off driving signal according to the short-circuit protection signal, so that the turn-off driving signal is sent to the discharge power transistor M1 through the over-discharge protection output terminal DO, and the discharge circuit is controlled to stop working by using the pull-down current formed by the turn-off driving signal; and the turn-off driving signal is sent to the charging power transistor M2 through the overcharge protection output end CO, and the charging loop is controlled to stop working by using the pull-down current formed by the turn-off driving signal, so that the discharge loop and the charging loop are cut off at the same time, and the safety of the battery is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the battery protection chip U1 further includes a short circuit driving circuit 17 disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the over-discharge protection output terminal DO, and the logic processing circuit 12 is configured to control the short circuit driving circuit 17 to output a short circuit driving signal according to the short circuit protection signal.
Generally, the pull-down current of the turn-off driving signal output by the over-discharge driving circuit 13 and the over-charge driving circuit 14 is small, so that oscillation easily occurs in the normal over-discharge protection and over-charge protection processes, in order to overcome this phenomenon, a short-circuit driving circuit 17 may be disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the over-discharge protection output terminal DO, so that when the logic processing circuit 12 receives the short-circuit protection signal of the variable delay circuit 16, the short-circuit driving circuit 17 is controlled to output a short-circuit driving signal through the over-discharge protection output terminal DO, and the pull-down current formed by the short-circuit driving signal is much larger than the pull-down current formed by the turn-off driving circuit, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly turning off the discharge loop by using a large current.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the battery protection chip U1 further includes a second start comparator CMP2 connected to the overcurrent detection terminal VINI, a fixed delay circuit 11 connected to the second start comparator CMP2, a logic processing circuit 12 connected to the fixed delay circuit 11, an overdischarge driving circuit 13 disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the overdischarge protection output terminal DO, an overcharge driving circuit 14 disposed between the logic processing circuit 12 and the overcharge protection output terminal CO, and an output driving circuit connected to the variable delay circuit 16; the second start comparator CMP2 is configured to form a fixed start signal for controlling the fixed delay circuit 11 based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection terminal VINI and a second short-circuit reference voltage Vr2, the second short-circuit reference voltage Vr2 being smaller than the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr 1; the output drive circuit is connected to a peripheral short circuit drive circuit 17 for forming an output drive signal based on the short circuit protection signal.
The second start comparator CMP2 is a comparator connected to the fixed delay circuit 11 for controlling the operation of the fixed delay circuit 11. The second short reference voltage Vr2 is a reference voltage set in advance for turning off whether or not the second start-up comparator CMP2 is short-circuited, and the second short reference voltage Vr2 is smaller than the first short reference voltage Vr 1.
In this example, the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection terminal VINI is input to the first start comparator CMP1 and the second start comparator CMP 2. If the detection voltage is greater than the first short circuit reference voltage Vr1, the output of the first start comparator CMP1 is changed from a low level to a high level, and a first control signal of the high level is output to control the operation of the variable delay circuit 16 to output a short circuit protection signal, and the short circuit protection signal is subjected to signal enhancement processing by the output driving circuit and is converted into an output driving signal, so that the output driving signal is used to control the peripheral short circuit driving circuit 17, and a fast discharging circuit and a fast charging circuit are performed by the peripheral short circuit driving circuit 17. If the detection voltage is not greater than the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1 and is greater than the second short-circuit reference voltage Vr2, the output of the second start comparator CMP2 is converted from a low level to a high level to form a fixed start signal, which is used to control the fixed delay circuit 11 to operate, so that the fixed delay circuit 11 outputs the formed short-circuit protection signal to the logic processing circuit 12, so that the logic processing circuit 12 controls the over-discharge driving circuit 13 and the over-charge driving circuit 14 to output a turn-off driving signal according to the short-circuit protection signal, sends the turn-off driving signal to the discharge power transistor M1 through the over-discharge protection output terminal DO, and controls the discharge circuit to stop operating by using a pull-down current formed by the turn-off driving signal; and the turn-off driving signal is sent to a charging power transistor M2 through an overcharge protection output end CO, and the charging loop is controlled to stop working by utilizing a pull-down current formed by the turn-off driving signal, so that the discharging loop and the charging loop are simultaneously cut off, and the safety of the battery pack is ensured.
As an example, as shown in fig. 3, the peripheral short-circuit driving circuit 17 is connected to the output driving circuit and the discharging power transistor M1, and includes a short-circuit driving switch Q2 and a fifth resistor R5, the gate of the short-circuit driving switch Q2 is connected to the output driving circuit, the source is connected to the ground terminal VSS, and the drain is connected to the discharging power transistor M1 through a fifth resistor R5. After the variable delay circuit 16 outputs the short-circuit protection signal, the output driving circuit generates an output driving signal, and controls the short-circuit driving switch Q2 to turn on according to the output driving signal, so as to rapidly pull the gate potential of the discharging power transistor M1 down to the VSS potential, so that the discharging power transistor M1 is turned off, thereby breaking the discharging loop to achieve the purpose of battery short-circuit protection. By adopting the design of the peripheral short circuit driving circuit 17, the battery protection chip U1 does not need to integrate the short circuit driving circuit 17 driven by large current, so that the internal elements of the chip are simple; the short circuit driving switch tube Q2 and the fifth resistor R5 can be reasonably selected according to the requirement of external driving current so as to meet the requirements of different applications and different turn-off times and have stronger adaptability.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery protection board, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the battery protection board is disposed at two ends of a battery pack, and includes a sampling resistor RS for connecting the battery pack, a discharging power transistor M1 and a charging power transistor M2 connected to the sampling resistor RS, and further includes a battery protection chip U1 in the above embodiment connected to two ends of the battery pack, where an overcharge detection end of the battery protection chip U1 is connected to the sampling resistor RS. In this example, the battery protection chip U1 is provided with an over-discharge protection output terminal DO connected to the discharge power transistor M1 and an over-charge protection output terminal CO connected to the charge power transistor M2.
The battery protection board provided by the present embodiment integrates the battery protection chip U1 in the above embodiment, and the first start comparator CMP1 connected to the over-current detection terminal VINI forms a first control signal based on the detection voltage and the first short-circuit reference voltage Vr1, so as to start the operation of the variable delay circuit 16 based on the first control signal, so as to achieve the effect of controlling the operation of the variable delay circuit 16 based on the detection voltage varying in real time; the current source circuit 15 connected with the overcurrent detection end VINI can convert the detection voltage into a delay control current, so that the delay control current changes along with the change of the detection voltage; the variable delay circuit 16 starts short-circuit protection according to a first control signal output by the first start comparator CMP1, specifically adjusts short-circuit delay time in real time according to delay control current, outputs a short-circuit protection signal after the short-circuit delay time is over, and performs short-circuit protection operation based on the short-circuit protection signal, thereby ensuring a short-circuit protection effect, that is, adjusting short-circuit delay time in real time according to detection voltage of the over-current detection terminal VINI can be realized, so that the short-circuit delay time matches with the rising speed of the short-circuit delay current, and the short-circuit protection effect is ensured.
As an example, as shown in fig. 3, the battery protection board further includes a short driving circuit 17 for connecting the battery pack and the discharging power transistor M1, the short driving circuit 17 includes a short driving switch Q2 and a fifth resistor R5, a gate of the short driving switch Q2 is connected to the output driving circuit, a source is connected to the ground terminal VSS, and a drain is connected to the discharging power transistor M1 through the fifth resistor R5. After the variable delay circuit 16 outputs the short-circuit protection signal, the output driving circuit generates an output driving signal, and controls the short-circuit driving switch Q2 to turn on according to the output driving signal, so as to rapidly pull the gate potential of the discharging power transistor M1 down to the VSS potential, so that the discharging power transistor M1 is turned off, thereby breaking the discharging loop to achieve the purpose of battery short-circuit protection. By adopting the design of the peripheral short circuit driving circuit 17, the battery protection chip U1 does not need to integrate the short circuit driving circuit 17 driven by large current, so that the internal elements of the chip are simple; the short circuit driving switch tube Q2 and the fifth resistor R5 can be reasonably selected according to the requirement of external driving current so as to meet the requirements of different applications and different turn-off times and have stronger adaptability.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A battery protection chip is characterized by comprising a first starting comparator, a current source circuit and a variable delay circuit; the first starting comparator is connected with the overcurrent detection end and used for forming a first control signal based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end and the first short-circuit reference voltage; the current source circuit is connected with the over-current detection end and is used for forming a delay control current based on the detection voltage of the over-current detection end, and the delay control current is in direct proportion to the detection voltage; the variable delay circuit is connected with the first starting comparator and the current source circuit and used for determining whether to start short-circuit protection or not based on the first control signal, adjusting short-circuit delay time based on the delay control current and outputting a short-circuit protection signal after the short-circuit delay time is over, wherein the short-circuit delay time is inversely proportional to the delay control current;
the current source circuit comprises a fixed current branch and a variable current branch; the fixed current branch is used for outputting fixed current; the variable current branch is connected with the over-current detection end and used for outputting variable current based on detection voltage of the over-current detection end;
the variable current branch comprises a second current source and a subtractor circuit; one end of the subtractor circuit is connected with the over-current detection end and is used for forming a variable voltage based on the detection voltage of the over-current detection end and outputting the variable voltage to the second current source; the second current source is connected with the subtracter circuit and the variable delay circuit and used for forming a variable current based on the variable voltage and outputting the variable current to the variable delay circuit;
the subtractor circuit comprises an operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a second voltage source; one end of the first resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier and the second resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier and the first resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is connected with the second voltage source; one end of the third resistor is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the fourth resistor, and the other end of the third resistor is connected with the over-current detection end; one end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier and the third resistor, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded; and one end of the second voltage source is connected with the second resistor, and the other end of the second voltage source is grounded and is used for providing comparison voltage for the operational amplifier.
2. The battery protection chip of claim 1, wherein the variable delay circuit comprises a delay start switch tube, a delay capacitor, a delay end comparator and a logic and gate; the grid electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the first starting comparator, the source electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the delay capacitor, and the drain electrode of the delay starting switch tube is connected with the current source circuit and the delay ending comparator and is used for controlling conduction according to the first control signal and charging the delay capacitor by adopting the delay control current; the delay end comparator is connected with the drain electrode of the delay starting switch tube and is used for forming a second control signal based on the capacitor voltage corresponding to the delay capacitor and the short-circuit protection voltage threshold; and the logic AND gate is connected with the first starting comparator and the delay ending comparator and is used for forming a short-circuit protection signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal.
3. The battery protection chip of claim 1, wherein the fixed current branch comprises a first current source and a first voltage source; one end of the first voltage source is grounded, and the other end of the first voltage source is connected with the first current source and used for outputting fixed voltage to the first current source; the first current source is connected with the first voltage source and the variable delay circuit, and is used for forming a fixed current based on the fixed voltage and outputting the fixed current to the variable delay circuit.
4. The battery protection chip of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the battery protection chip further comprises a logic processing circuit connected to the variable delay circuit, an over-discharge driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and an over-discharge protection output, and an over-charge driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and an over-charge protection output; and the logic processing circuit is used for controlling the over-discharge driving circuit and the over-charge driving circuit to output a turn-off driving signal according to the short-circuit protection signal.
5. The battery protection chip of claim 4, further comprising a short circuit driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and the over-discharge protection output terminal, wherein the logic processing circuit is configured to control the short circuit driving circuit to output a short circuit driving signal according to the short circuit protection signal.
6. The battery protection chip of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the battery protection chip further comprises a second start-up comparator connected to an over-current detection terminal, a fixed delay circuit connected to the second start-up comparator, a logic processing circuit connected to the fixed delay circuit, an over-discharge driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and an over-discharge protection output terminal, an over-charge driving circuit disposed between the logic processing circuit and an over-charge protection output terminal, and an output driving circuit connected to the variable delay circuit; the second starting comparator is used for forming a fixed starting signal for controlling the fixed delay circuit based on the detection voltage of the overcurrent detection end and a second short-circuit reference voltage, and the second short-circuit reference voltage is smaller than the first short-circuit reference voltage; and the output driving circuit is connected with a peripheral short circuit driving circuit and used for forming an output driving signal based on the short circuit protection signal.
7. A battery protection board, set at both ends of the battery pack, including a sampling resistor for connecting the battery pack, a discharging power transistor and a charging power transistor connected with the sampling resistor, characterized in that, it also includes a battery protection chip as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 connected with both ends of the battery pack, the overcharge detection end of the battery protection chip is connected with the sampling resistor.
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| CN202010158064.XA CN111463847B (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Battery protection chip and battery protection board |
| PCT/CN2021/070452 WO2021179779A1 (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2021-01-06 | Battery protection chip and battery protection board |
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| CN202010158064.XA CN111463847B (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Battery protection chip and battery protection board |
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| CN111463847B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市创芯微微电子有限公司 | Battery protection chip and battery protection board |
| CN112636308B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-12-27 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Battery short-circuit protection method, device, system, battery and storage medium |
| CN112968427B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-07-01 | 苏州赛芯电子科技股份有限公司 | Time delay compensation circuit and lithium battery protection system thereof |
| CN112928736B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-06-28 | 苏州赛芯电子科技股份有限公司 | Delay adjustable circuit and lithium battery protection circuit thereof |
| CN113131572B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2024-03-01 | 深圳卓锐思创科技有限公司 | Battery charge and discharge management system and method |
| CN114217203A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-22 | 深圳市创芯微微电子有限公司 | Battery protection chip and test system |
| CN114114034A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 深圳市欣旺达综合能源服务有限公司 | Battery package short circuit testing arrangement |
| CN114069566B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市创芯微微电子有限公司 | Battery protection circuit and overcurrent protection circuit thereof |
| CN114069567B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市创芯微微电子有限公司 | Battery protection circuit and battery voltage sampling circuit thereof |
| CN114844175A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-02 | 无锡恒芯微科技有限公司 | Multi-battery management chip system |
| CN115313551A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 深圳市爱协生科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging protection chip and battery device |
| CN115102532B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-15 | 宁波兴为汽车电子有限公司 | Short-circuit overcurrent protection circuit and method for high-side output of MOS (Metal oxide semiconductor) tube and vehicle |
| CN116131220A (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-05-16 | 上海山源电子科技股份有限公司 | Intrinsic safety power supply protection circuit and method for improving load capacity of intrinsic safety power supply |
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| WO2021179779A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
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Address after: Building 3A28, Smart Home Phase II, No. 76 Baohe Avenue, Baolong Community, Baolong Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 Patentee after: Shenzhen Chuangxin Microelectronics Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518000 floor 2, building 3, IC Park, Baolong 4th Road, Baolong street, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: SHENZHEN CHUANGXINWEI MICROELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. |