CN1114617A

CN1114617A - A guiding system applicable to a four-wheel bogie with variable gap between them

Info

Publication number: CN1114617A
Application number: CN94118661A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·I·纳迪茨·兰达
Original assignee: Investigacion y Asesoramiento Tecnico SA INVATESA
Current assignee: Investigacion y Asesoramiento Tecnico SA INVATESA
Priority date: 1993-10-15
Filing date: 1994-10-14
Publication date: 1996-01-10
Also published as: HU9402916D0; PL175366B1; FI944844A; SK125394A3; EP0648659A1; AU683686B2; LTIP2053A; RU94037586A; EP0648659B1; SI0648659T1; ES2084551R; FI944844A0; DE69415626D1; GR3029814T3; ES2084551B1; LT3580B; RU2123951C1; DE69415626T2; PL305450A1; DK0648659T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a use of a guiding system of a four-wheel bogie with space between variable wheels, which guides two independent and movable bogies. The guiding system is arranged on routine railroad carriages or trucks, which is unnecessary to be connected to other vehicles or motorcycles. When the vehicles start to run along bend channels, the guiding system is operated according to relative rotation between the traffic direction of the bogies moving ahead and a vehicle body. As the structure of the guiding system is symmetrical to the transverse plane of the central part of the vehicle body, functional characteristics of the guiding system is independent from the traffic direction, thereby effectively guiding the bogies provided with width-determined wheels.

Description

Has variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing

What the present invention relates to is to have variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, its tangible purpose be eliminate such bogie truck have independent wheel intrinsic dynamic effect, so that reduce the tread wearing and tearing, the particularly wearing and tearing of wheel rim, and be general-duty for control of the drg of two kinds of gauges and operating mode, be used for being adapted to a kind of and another kind of gauge and without any need for the operation that adds.

The present invention applies to railway industry.

As everyone knows, the proposition of problem is, exists different gauges between the railway network with passenger and goods transport, this once proposed some investigation and terms of settlement, so that avoid the inconvenience in the transportation of passenger and goods.

Yet, gratifying solution is not proposed this problem so far as yet, particularly to the various passenger vehicles with conventional bogie or the adaptation of truck brake.

One of existing solution is, remove bogie truck fully, passenger car body must be risen for this reason, and should carry out after taking bumper between car body and the bogie truck or gauze of mechanical element and brake system electrical equipment etc. apart, this has just brought the operation of a series of troubles.

In addition,, also adopted other device, can obtain safety, toughness and the reliability of the described axial compression identical thus by wheel with corresponding canonical system in order to make the axle that has variable spacing between wheel at the axis body top offset.

In addition, if forcibly be implemented in the automatic conversion in the short time interval, and under the optimal operations state rather than be parked in maintenance workshop place and have enough big miles of relative movement, be difficult to obtain an equipment like this and satisfy all demands in the place of second practicality.

In the case, a scheme that significantly solves existing problem at first is to rely on a bogie truck, it not only is suitable for movably and wheel independently, this wheel may operate on the different gauges, and the framework that has the bogie truck of described wheel is such design-calculated, when having this truck car when a bend moves in orbit, its wheel can be directed to and locate.

Equally, in the solution of this appointment, be such imagination, this guidance system also goes for being equipped with the bogie truck of independent wheel, and this wheel has fixing width, but can not displacement, thereby can move on different gauges.

Should be understood that a special mode, the applicant company that is this patent of invention is the owner of Spain patent of invention No.9201934, this patent relates to a kind of bogie truck that is used for rolling stock, it has transformable spacing between wheel, and partly be used for the present invention, the present invention has carried out various the cooperation with guidance system, to obtain the also unknown at present exploration result of the applicant at least.

Guidance system proposed by the invention is applicable to a kind of bogie unit that has variable spacing between wheel, it constitutes a kind of obvious scheme to solve the problem that exists in the case in fact, because rolling assembly has same-type, it turns round as the Talgo two-wheel vehicles with daily leap Europe operation and was used for commerce services many years, and two kinds of rail Lu Shangzuo in the Hispanic railway network cross day-to-day operation, should mention, under specific situation, passing through from a kind of gauge to another kind of gauge is to finish at a fixing equipment, it is called as changer, and be similar to present existence at the aforementioned gauge changing device that works in service.

Be also pointed out that, turning to and braking two states all is common for two kinds of gauges, do not need to adopt any additional operation from a kind of gauge to another kind of gauge, in two kinds of guidance systems any all improved the warp rail of such bogie truck, based on this fact, just help to eliminate dynamic effect, this dynamic effect is that to have this class bogie truck of independent wheel intrinsic, has also reduced the particularly wearing and tearing of wheel rim of rolling tread simultaneously.

Under another specific situation, this guidance system is applicable to the bogie unit that has variable spacing between wheel, constitute by a bogie truck that mainly comprises a central frame, two identical frameworks are hinged on this central frame by an articulated joint and rubber pad, and described two identical frameworks are as the supporting of rolling assembly.

This second framework that rotates (will illustrate afterwards) round the vertical axis of articulated joint makes two described rolling assemblies can be to the direction guiding of each identical frames that is hinged.The two pairs of arms and with the hinged sleeve pivotally attached each has determined the stiff member of a fork-shaped to arm.

In each end of these Y-pieces, the bear box of each wheel is housed and these rolling assemblies can be arranged on the element of one of two kinds of gauges, and lock these elements so that when operation, guarantee being completely fixed of they.

The vertical load of car body, and roll, braking and the transmission of transverse force on the central frame of bogie truck be to realize by a pair of pneumatic spring and the device (second suspension) that rotates.

Also can imagine and use coil spring to replace pneumatic spring.

The transmission from this central frame to rolling assembly of these load and power realizes by coil spring (first suspension).

Two guidance systems also will describe in detail later on, be used for to independently leading with two bogie trucks of movable wheel, and bogie truck are assemblied on the car body of the passenger vehicle of general type or vehicle.

These guidance systems do not need described passenger vehicle or vehicle are connected with miscellaneous equipment or a locomotive, because when vehicle begins when a warp rail moves, relatively rotating between the bogie truck of ahead running on the service direction and car body depended in their operation.

Because its structure is symmetrical, for the middle part Transverse plane of car body, its functional characteristic does not rely on service direction.

As previously mentioned, these guides are also effective to the steering bogie that the wheel that independently has definite width is housed.

Four rolling assemblies of each bogie truck assembling, each rolling assembly wherein has a semiaxis, wheel, brake disc, a gap to each other and is contained in semiaxis bearing at end case.

The top of this bear box has a cylinderical surface, and the respective end of one of forks arm is bearing on this surface on the general position of operation.

In order to be distributed in the load on the area supported in the most uniform mode, an elastic sheet can be placed between bear box and the box support, described thin plate is firmly bonded on one of these surfaces.

Upright position between each swing arm of bear box and fork is to determine like this, and must consider this explanation is understood better, longitudinal axis, application force and displacement all are parallel to track, and lateral shaft, application force and displacement are with respect to the horizontal plane perpendicular to track.

In the vertical, described surface becomes cylindrical shape, and the axle of bear box automatically is centered in its theoretical position.

This vertical plane surface, a fwd, a back, all on vertical plane surface, adjusted corresponding to insert.

Between the shell of bear box and its cylindrical member, insert an elastomeric sleeve, so that these bearings have a little degree of freedom, so that bear any little error of carrying out axial alignment in the transverse force of needs transmission, described transverse force is that two bear boxs by each semiaxis are in operation and impose on the power of bogie truck swing arm.

The present invention rely on front and back two vertical surface be arranged on each bear box and with its all-in-one-piece lug, constituted the crosswise fixed part of bear box.

Cooperate to hinder bear box any to be flapped toward displacement between the backstop of forks arm shell and the latch lever.

Two vertical surface in order to contact of each lug all equal to be separated from each other by the difference partly of latch lever one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 with its numerical value.

This latch lever and a bridge are fitted together, and adjust in the vertical, pass the outside lateral surfaces between two vertical surface of shell, because they are adjusted between two longitudinal vertical planes that are installed on the insert on the swing arm shell, they laterally can be held in the correct position.

In the case, latch lever only may move in vertical direction, and the displacement on their what its directions in office is all stoped by the rigidity stop part.

This latch lever is fixed by spring installation in vertical direction, this spring give weight and the issuable dynamic force sum of tight power greater than locking devicen, and stop latch lever to descend.

This spring device is replenished by an additional safe holding device at last.

The bridge of this locking devicen is such design-calculated, and its underpart can embed one "T"-shaped, and this "T"-shaped is attached to anchor fitting, that is to say that the conv that promotes its vertical shifting descends breech lock, and overcomes by spring, backstop and fricative power.

This bridge is such design-calculated, and its interior survey is suitable for making it to be arranged on the clinoplane on the release guide on the anchor fitting, so that these plane effects are on the centre of bridge.

This insert is fixedly mounted on the vertical surface of swing arm shell, except breech lock being applied a horizontal stop, also has all vertical athwartship planes, can be adjusted in the vertical by the face of described spherical bearing case.

One of insert has transverse guide, and the upper surface of this guide is a bevelled, and described upper surface constitutes the slidingsurface of bear box when the rolling assembly side travel.

Two lower surfaces of lug have same gradient, in normal operation, separate and parallel with it by the upper surface of guide.

When bogie truck suspended, this bear box decline rested on the guide up to the lower surface of lug, and realizes a cross travel by this contact.

When operation, the inclination of guide sliding surface stops some foreign material of deposition on described, and these foreign material will hinder the side travel of wheel when changing gauge.

Have the sintered metal materials of low coefficient of sliding resistance and the slide block of high compressive strength and be arranged on the dip plane of lug, when rolling assembly is positioned at the position of one of two kinds of gauges, impel the rolling assembly displacement.

The supporting member that has brake cylinder and steering hardware passes motion to the bar bonded assembly drg that overlaps with belt material, and simultaneously, this supporting member is fixed on the vertical transverse face of lug.

The rigidity that has the pendulum fork of rolling assembly, with and the rigidity of the relative framework of articulated joint, when wheel is arranged in arbitrary gauge of two kinds of gauges, has guaranteed the collimation and the convergence of wheel, and satisfied vertical or transversely desired characteristic in the running in orbit.

When the bogie unit that has variable spacing between wheel combines with described guidance system, be fully described with its two kinds of variant, formation that we can say its first kind of modification is, set out by a balancing device, the turning cylinder of balancing device is installed on the central frame of each bogie truck, hinged bar in the upper end of this balancing device, the end of this bar is hinged on a strut member, and strut member is installed on the car body of passenger vehicle or vehicle.

A bar is hinged on the lower end of balancing device, and its other end is installed on the shell of pendulum fork, and this pendulum fork is installed in again on the framework that has rolling assembly.

This balancing device has another and is positioned at articulated joint on its turning cylinder, and with the turning cylinder of following articulated joint relative equilibrium device be equidistant, two bars all are fixed in the articulated joint.

The other end of one of this bar is installed on the shell of another pendulum fork of this side of bogie truck, and this bogie truck is installed in again on second framework.

The other end of this bar be hinged on the following of center balancing device or above, the turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed on the framework of passenger vehicle or carbody.

In second kind of modification, described system comprises a balancing device, and its turning cylinder is installed on the central frame, and its upper end is hinged with a bar, and the rear end of this bar is articulated on the supporting member, and the car body of this supporting member and passenger vehicle or vehicle is fitted together.

A bar also is hinged on the upper end of described balancing device, and the other end of bar is fixed on the upper end of another balancing device.The turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed on the shell of pendulum fork of bogie truck rear axle, and this bogie truck is installed in again on the framework that has rolling assembly.

The lower end of this balancing device and a bar are hinged, and the rear end of this bar is installed on the central frame of bogie truck.

A bar is hinged on the lower end of center balancing device, and the other end of bar is hinged on the lower end of another balancing device.

The turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed in the front axle of bogie truck and puts on the shell of fork, and this bogie truck is installed in again on the framework that has rolling assembly.

A bar is hinged on the upper end of this balancing device, and the other end of bar is installed on the central frame of bogie truck.

For to feature supplemental instruction of the present invention and so as to understanding better, the accompanying drawing part of book is as an illustration represented an embodiment, but does not have limiting meaning, now is described as follows:

Fig. 1 represents a kind of variable lateral plan of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing that has, and this bogie truck is provided with guidance system, theme promptly of the present invention.

Fig. 2 represents the planar view of theme shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 represents to be installed in the details of passing through the A-B face shown in Fig. 1 and 2 on the coil spring in the bogie truck.

Fig. 4 represents the details by the C of theme shown in Fig. 1 and 2 face.

Fig. 5 represents to be installed in the transparent view of one of wheel in the bogie truck.

Fig. 6 is illustrated in the assembled front view of the rolling assembly in the swing arm.

Fig. 7 represents the planar view of part shown in Figure 6.

Fig. 8 represents the transparent view of a bear box.

Fig. 9 represents the location of suspension swing arm housing centre bearer case and the section-drawing of locking piece.

The installation details of the details, particularly retainer of the section of part D-E shown in Figure 10 presentation graphs 9.

Figure 11 represents the front sectional elevation of rolling assembly and its housing.

Figure 12 represents the transparent view of latch assembly.

Figure 13 is the front elevation of assembly shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is the fixed equipment that is used for the conversion gauge, i.e. the scheme drawing of changer.

Figure 15 represent to be placed on the slide rail slip with to the section-drawing of centering guide.

Figure 16 is the scheme drawing of the present invention that is applied on the conventional vehicles, and indicates its direct of travel.

Figure 17 represents the scheme drawing of the guidance system assembly of bogie truck.

Figure 18 represents the schematic side view of the independent pilot system of each bogie truck.

Each the independent pilot system that last Figure 19 represents to be used for two bogie trucks to the right curve to advance be the detailed view on the service direction shown in the arrow.

Can recognize the structure of this guidance system by these accompanying drawings, it is applicable to variable bogie unit of taking turns a spacing, comprise bogie truck shown in Fig. 1 and 2, and this bogie truck is made of a central frame 1, and have rolling assembly by two hinged identical frameworks 4 of an articulated joint 2 and rubber pad 3.

This second framework 4 is made of the framework of aforesaid two vertical axis rotations identical, that center on articulated joint 2, and can guide two rolling assemblies by following mode.

Two pairs of swing arms are hinged on the framework 4 by articulated joint 5.

Each constitutes a stiff member with Y-piece 6 to swing arm with a sleeve bonded assembly.

The end of each of these Y-pieces all accommodates the bear box of each wheel, also holds rolling assembly location on each that makes two gauges and the element that locks, so that guarantee their whole lockings when operation.

The central frame that car body vertical load and rolling, braking and transverse force are delivered to bogie truck is that promptly second suspension works by a pneumatic spring 7 and corresponding deflector.

Can give what expect is to replace pneumatic spring 7 with the coil spring shown in Fig. 3 and 4.

Load and power are passed through the coil spring 8 shown in Fig. 1 and 2 by central frame to the transmission of rolling assembly, and promptly first suspension is realized.

Two guidance systems (back will describe in detail) can be guided independently two bogie trucks with movable wheel, promptly are installed in the wheel on the car body of traditional passenger vehicle or vehicle.

These guidance systems do not need passenger vehicle or vehicle are connected with other vehicle or locomotive, because when vehicle begins when a bend is advanced, described passenger vehicle or vehicle or locomotive move with the relative angle of revolution between the car body according to the bogie truck at ahead running on the service direction.

Because the Transverse plane at its structure and car body middle part is symmetrical, its functional characteristic does not depend on service direction.

As mentioned above, this guidance system also can be guided the bogie truck of the independent wheel with definite width effectively in two kinds of modification.

About rolling assembly and locking system, each bogie truck is equipped with four rolling assemblies as shown in Figure 5, and wherein each rolling assembly constitutes by mutually forming a holistic semiaxis 9, wheel 10, a brake disc 11 and being installed on semiaxis bearing at end case 12.

Shown in Fig. 5 and 8, this bear box 12 has a face of cylinder 13 at an upper portion thereof, normal operating condition, the respective end of one of forks arm is supported on this face of cylinder 13, as shown in the cross-section of Fig. 7 is divided like that.

For load is distributed on the described stayed surface in uniform more mode, an elastic sheet can be inserted between bear box and the cabinet rack, this elastic sheet must be bonded on one of them surface securely.

Upright position between each swing arm of bear box and Y-piece is to determine like this, for this specification sheets is understood better, can think all to be parallel to track according to certain level face longitudinal force and displacement, horizontal force and displacement then with respect to the horizontal plane with the track quadrature.

In the vertical, described surface becomes cylindrical, and the axle of bear box automatically is centered on its theoretical position.

As shown in Figure 8, vertical plane surface 14 is regulated on the corresponding vertical plane surface of

insert

15 and 16 in tandem, as Fig. 9 describes.

Between the shell of bear box and its cylindrical member, insert a resilient sleeve, make bearing have a little degree of freedom, so that transmit any little error that transverse force is carried out axial alignment at needs, described transverse force is that two bear boxs by each semiaxis are in operation and impose on the power of bogie truck swing arm.

As shown in Figure 8, two lugs 17 are positioned on the front and back vertical surface of each bear box, and dress up one with it, have constituted the crosswise fixed part that is used for bear box.

As shown in figure 11, the backstop 18 and 18 of the shell of forks arm ' between adjusting, make latch lever 19 stop any cross travel of bear boxs.

Two vertical surface in order to contact of each lug 17 are separated from each other by the difference partly that is similar to latch lever size that 19 thickness limit.

As shown in figure 12, with bridge 20 all-in-one-piece latch levers 19, longitudinally adjusting on the athwartship plane in its outside and between the shell vertical surface shown in Figure 11, because they are conditioned between the longitudinal vertical plane of

insert

15 and 16, as shown in Figure 9, and

part

15,16 and swing arm shell are integral, so they are maintained on the correct position.

Therefore, latch lever only can move on vertical direction, and the displacement of their what its directions in office is all stoped by the stop part of rigidity.

As shown in Figure 9, this latch lever is remained on the position of its operation regularly by spring in vertical direction, this spring give weight and the issuable additional dynamic power sum of tight power greater than locking devicen, and stop latch lever to descend.

At last, this spring device 21 is equipped with additional release binding 22, as shown in Figure 9.

The bridge 20 of locking devicen is such design-calculated: can be with one "T"-shaped lower end that embeds it, this "T"-shaped is attached to stationary device, that is to say, force the conv of bridge 20 vertical shifting that breech lock is descended, and overcome by spring, backstop and fricative power.

This bridge is such design-calculated; It is suitable for being located at the clinoplane on the release guide on the anchor fitting, so that these guides act on the centre of bridge.

Figure 12 and aforementioned type design-calculated transparent view of 13 expressions and cutaway view.

As shown in Figure 9, insert 15 and 16 is fixedly mounted on the vertical surface of swing arm shell, except breech lock being applied the effect of a horizontal backstop, also has vertical Transverse plane, can longitudinally be adjusted by the vertical surface 14 of described surface bearing case.

Part 16 shown in Figure 9 in addition has a transverse guide 23, has the bevelled upper surface on it, and when the rolling assembly cross travel, constitutes the slidingsurface of bear box.

Two lower surfaces 24 of described lug 17 show same gradient, and the upper surface by described guide 23 under the situation of general work separates, and parallel with it.

When the outstanding time-out of bogie truck, this bear box decline stops on the guide 13 up to the lower surface 24 of lug 17, and realizes described cross travel by this contact.

The inclination of guide 23 sliding surfaces can be accumulated some external foreign material when operation, and they hinder the cross travel of wheel when gauge changing.

The clinoplane 24 that slide block with low coefficient of sliding resistance sintered metal materials and a high compressive strength is arranged on lug is taken in the conversion rolling assemblies when being located at one of two kinds of gauges and going up, and impels the rolling assembly displacement.

Although do not express the strut member 27 among Fig. 1 and 2 in Fig. 8, it is equipped with brake cylinder and steering hardware, and passes motion to the bar bonded assembly drg that overlaps with belt material, and simultaneously, strut member 27 is fixed on the vertical transverse face 25 of lug 17.

The rigidity that has the pendulum fork 6 of rolling assembly, with and the rigidity of articulated joint 5 relative frameworks 4, when wheel is arranged in arbitrary gauge of two kinds of gauges, should guarantee the collimation and the convergence of wheel, and in the running in orbit, satisfy in vertical or transversely desired characteristic.

Consider spacing between wheel change so that they adapt to two kinds of gauges each need carry out by means of a fixed equipment that is arranged on the conversion railway station.

The process of this change reduces successfully at each bogie truck, also have described fixed equipment such as changer to realize under the situation of speed to 15 kilometer/hour by railway station the time.

In order to understand this process better, Figure 14 schematically expresses the element of several these equipment of formation, now is listed as follows:

The end 27 of-big gauge rail.

The end 28 of-less gauge rail.

-slide and centering guided way 29.

-be used for the guide 30 of the release and the locking of breech lock.

-the guide that is used for the conversion rolling assembly, forms by elastomeric element 31 and rigid element 32.

Suppose that a bogie truck enters this big gauge one side, in the fixed equipment in the left side in Figure 14, the change process of this gauge is realized by the displacement vehicle, is described as follows:

In order to realize the map function of rolling assembly, must make wheel not be with any load.

This realizes by means of bogie truck is supported on the guided way, that is to say, realizes by wheel is unloaded.

Before rail 27 interrupts, it is descended gently realize above-mentioned unloading, after this, according to the diameter of wheel, in a certain particular moment, by slip and to centering guide, swing arm shown in Figure 1 will contact with the centering guided way with corresponding slip with turning to frame-saw 33.

As shown in figure 15, in order to guarantee that a big bearing surface is arranged between sliding panel 33 and the slide-and-guide rail 29, particularly at initial contact point place, guide plate 33B passes through a spherical hinged bearing on its strut member 33A.

This support guide plate and to centering guide the two is all made with plastic material, and use water lubricating be several so that have a low-down friction when on slide rail, sliding.

Water lubricating is better than other and lubricates, and adheres to and pollution because it can not cause.

In case rolling assembly unloads, just must be with its bear box release from the twin-lock of latch lever is fixed.

In order to reach above-mentioned requirements, this fixed equipment has the guide 30 of four release-lockings, as shown in figure 14, is arranged in routinely on the Y of this equipment.

The section on the top of this guide is "T"-shaped, this guide can pass it for the breech lock bridge, and because its shape of vertically profiling 34 (as shown in Figure 7), this breech lock descends and keeps release at the core of guide, and the profile of this core is a level.

Because the friction portion of breech lock bridge 35 is also made by plastic material, as shown in figure 13, they use water lubricating too.

In the releasing process of breech lock, the elastic part of guide that is used for mobile rolling assembly is corresponding to gauge 31, and contacts with the inside face of wheel, as Figure 14.The pressure that is applied on these wheels helps this unlocking operation.

Before unlocking operation, this wheel is once unloading, and this rolling assembly just descends a little, and stop part is supported on the top 13 of bear box on the base of swing arm shell, and then, these bases are supported on the clinoplane 24 of lug 17 on the dip plane of guide 23.

Afterwards, along with the rolling assembly of bogie truck travels forward by this fixed equipment, these wheels break away from the side direction (petrated) of displacement guide elastic part and contact, and subsequently with opposite side, the rigid element of the displacement guide of promptly little gauge contacts.

The equal release of all breech locks in these wheels and this rigid element 33 contact processs, and described wheel is sent to less gauge place.

In addition, these wheels still with the displacement guide contacts, and the breech lock guide promotes breech lock upwards, and is locked.

The pressure that is applied to the elastic part of mobile guide spare helps the locking of breech lock.

In case the moving process of rolling assembly is finished, these assemblies all are locked on the position corresponding to less gauge.

At last, if rolling assembly moves forward, described wheel will take place contact with the upper track of less gauge, and slide with to the contacting of centering guide disengaging and slide rail, bogie truck continues to do the preparation that moves on the sort of gauge.

Realize in the same way by the inverted running process of less gauge to big gauge.

Guidance system as theme of the present invention cooperates with aforementioned bogie truck, also cooperates with changer certainly, has the embodiment of two kinds of possibility structures and actuating, and has following three functions, that is:

-improve along a certain curve operation in orbit of the diaxon of each bogie truck, the meaning of this term axle is, the assembly of a pair of wheel, the bear box of this assembly is located in the bearing frame 4, as shown in Figure 1, and along this improvement of a certain curved portion by means of the correct guidance of any radius of curvature is realized.

-help to eliminate in the bogie truck that is equipped with the independent wheel type intrinsic dynamic effect because this dynamic effect can not be used for the automatic centering adaptor union of conventional assembled shaft.

-reduce the tread wearing and tearing, because as the result of automatic centering, it does not depend on that the standard of support assemblies axle slides, particularly because the cause that wheel leads has reduced wheel wear.

In an embodiment of the present invention, guidance system disposes the centre that a center balancing device is installed in passenger vehicle or vehicle, as shown in figure 16.

This figure has only represented the system of a side of passenger vehicle or vehicle, and certainly, another similar system is located at opposite side.

This system is made up of following elements, that is:

A balancing device 36, its rotation are taken out with the central frame of each bogie truck and are formed one, as shown in Figure 1.

A bar 37 is hinged on the upper end of described balancing device, and its other end is hinged on the strut member 38, and this strut member is installed on the car body of passenger vehicle or vehicle.

A bar 39 is hinged on the lower end of described balancing device, and the shell of the other end of this bar and a pendulum fork 6 is integral, and as shown in Figure 1, this pendulum fork is installed in successively and is same as on the framework 4 shown in Figure 1, and this framework has rolling assembly.

Described balancing device 36 have another be positioned on its S. A. articulated joint 40 and with following articulated joint be equidistant with respect to the S. A. of balancing

device.Bar

41 and 42 all is articulated in this articulated joint 40.

The other end of bar 41 is installed on the shell of another pendulum fork on this bogie truck another side.This bogie truck is installed in again on above-mentioned second framework 4.

These elements all are not shown among Fig. 1.

The other end of bar 42 is hinged on the lower end or the upper end of center balancing device, and the S. A. of this balancing device is installed on the framework of car body of passenger vehicle and vehicle.

Function declaration about native system, although represent schematically that in Figure 16 passenger vehicle or vehicle are when a bend turns right, constitute the residing position of each element of this guidance system, in order to understand its operating process better, consider the service direction in Figure 16, the signal Figure 17 that amplifies represents that each assembly of director element is arranged on the situation of each side of passenger vehicle or carbody, and these elements no matter vehicle whether on straight way or the bend all on this position.

When passenger vehicle or vehicle are on bend, between bogie truck and car body, produce relative rotation.

As shown in Figure 2, the geometrical axis of this rotation is vertical also by a some P.

If this passenger vehicle or vehicle move on the arrow indicated direction, as Figure 16, and enter the bend on a right side, when the fwd bogie truck enters bend, and the rotation of this bogie truck is contained in this balancing device of central frame 1 (shown in Figure 1) when the bend that changes produces gradually articulated joint 38 is moved to the back, in Figure 17 as seen.

When the joint between articulated joint and fixed link 37 rotated, the displacement of caused balancing device articulated joint made

bar

41 and 39 displacement too, thereby caused that two frameworks that have bogie truck rolling assembly 4 rotate, and have improved the guiding of wheel thus significantly.

The new location of each wheel geometrical axis is illustrated in the central scheme drawing corresponding to planar view shown in Figure 17.

The rotation that has two frameworks 4 of rolling assembly is produced around rotation of articulated joint 2 by their, and when rotating, and rubber plate is assemblied in the bottom of coil spring 8, that is to say, first suspension and rubber pad 3 are out of shape by shear action.

The shear rigidity that these elements had will make

bar

39 and 41 also have and produce pulling force or pressure on the stock 42, because system's symmetry, and for fear of because stock 42 elongated and issuable bendings, these rod members design according to only working under traction state.

The damping capacity of the shear rigidity of above mentioned rubber element and material itself by means of a stable coefficient to eliminate issuable unfavorable motion on bearing frame 4 and the rolling assembly thereof.

The displacement that bar 42 is caused by balancing device 36 rotations makes balancing device 43 rotations, and this balancing device 43 makes another bar 42 displacements again.

The displacement of bar 42 causes a motion on the balancing device 36 of trailing truck, this motion is equal to sub aforesaid motion, and therefore, the axle of second bogie truck is to rotate with the equal angular of front bogie axle.

But by above-mentioned inference, this system produces identical directional tagging on two bogie axles, and its operation is independently, and it without any need for can with being connected of passenger vehicle bonded assembly vehicles.

In second embodiment of system, that is to say, when guidance system independently is used for each bogie truck, as shown in figure 18, should be pointed out that with a same mode and give another system, this figure only shows the system of a certain side of one of corresponding two bogie trucks, certainly, have a same system in a relative side.

Comprise following elements in a second embodiment in each bogie truck of this system:

A balancing device 44, its turning cylinder is installed on the central frame 1.

A bar 45 is hinged on the upper end of described balancing device 44, and the back of bar 46 is hinged on the strut member 46, and this strut member is installed on the passenger car body.

A bar 47 also is hinged on the upper end of balancing device 44, the bar 47 corresponding other ends are hinged on the upper end of balancing device 48, the turning cylinder of balancing device 48 is installed on the shell of pendulum fork 6 of bogie truck rear axle, and this bogie truck is fixed on again on the framework 4, and this framework has rolling assembly.

The lower end of this balancing device 48 and bar 49 are hinged, and the rear end of this bar is installed on the central frame 1 of bogie truck.

Bar 51 is hinged with the lower end of center balancing device 44, and the lower end of the bar 51 corresponding other ends and balancing device 50 is hinged.

The rotating shaft of this balancing device is installed in the front axle of bogie truck and puts on the shell of fork 6, and bogie truck is installed in again on the framework 4, and this framework has rolling assembly.

A bar 52 is hinged with the upper end of balancing device, and the bar 52 corresponding other ends are installed on the central frame 1.

The function declaration of second embodiment of native system by among signal Figure 19 as seen, each of two bogie trucks of both sides has the director element assembly, and this vehicle position that these director element assemblies are occupied when being on straight way or the bend.

When passenger vehicle was on bend, 2 produced one and relatively rotate between bogie truck and car body, and the geometrical axis of this rotation is vertical and by a some p, as it in first system or first embodiment.

The passenger vehicle that adopts moves in the arrow indicated direction, as Figure 19, and enter the bend on a right, when the fwd bogie truck enters bend, the rotation of described bogie truck just produces gradually along the bend that changes, balancing device 44 that is to say, to the inboard displacement of bend owing to its articulated joint is installed in to tilt on the central frame 1 and displacement backward.

The displacement of this balancing device realizes that by means of the rotation of articulated joint on it because of bar 45 is installed on the strut member 46, and this strut member is hinged on the framework of passenger car body.

The lower end shifting bar 51 of balancing device 44, the lower end of bar 51 tractive balancing devicees 50, its upper end are also by bar 52 tractives, and this is because its rear end bogie truck produces displacement when car body rotates, and this car body is hinged with main frame 1 with its hinged securement part 53.

The simultaneous displacement of this balancing device 50 and rotation are moved its turning cylinder backward, and this rotating shaft is installed on the shell of swing fork 6, and therefore, this moves the rotation of the framework 4 of the primary shaft that causes this bogie truck, by it the guiding of wheel is improved significantly.

With a kind of similar method, the displacement of articulated joint 54 also can be by relatively rotating and produce between bogie truck and the car body, and shifting bar 49 backward, the lower end of bar 49 shifting balance devices 48, because balancing device 48 is hinged with bar 47, this bar 47 be fix and be pushed last articulated joint rotation around it.

During balancing device turning cylinder displacement on being installed in rear axle pendulum fork 6 shells, this balancing device turning cylinder causes the rotation of second framework 4.

In the case, the guiding of wheel also is able to significant improvement.

The running of the guidance system of trailing truck is similar to the above, and the repeated description of its reason is omitted at this.

Since the geometric profile of the primary shaft of each bogie truck and second axle system with and guidance system identical, note, in each bogie truck, be identical for axle of the same name.

Plan representation central authorities scheme drawing in Figure 19, the wheel hub of describing two bogie trucks is directed to and residing geometric position.

As aforesaid guidance system, the direction of passenger vehicle operation does not influence guiding, and its operation is independently, simultaneously also without any need for can with being connected of the vehicles of this passenger vehicle coupling.

Claims

1, a kind of have a variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, constitute by following, the bogie truck that is assembled together with four rolling assemblies, described rolling assembly is by a semiaxis (9), one wheel (10), brake disc (11) is formed and is installed together mutually, bear box (12) is installed on the end of semiaxis (9), this bear box (12) has a cylinderical surface at an upper portion thereof, make the respective end of a forks arm be arranged on the position of conventional operation by this surface, if necessary, at bear box and be used for inserting between the box-shaped carriage of uniform distribution load an elastic sheet, this thin plate keeps and one of these surfaces strong bond, and remains on the upright position between each swing arm of bear box and Y-piece; The a series of critical operation element that is contained on the bogie truck depends on conventional changer, and wherein, the change of wheel spacing is finished by a fixed equipment or translator the time, so that be suitable for every kind of gauge; Diaxon the through performance on bend of the structure of this guidance system in order to improve each bogie truck, the meaning of this term axle is the assembly of a pair of two-wheel, the bear box of this assembly is installed on the bearing frame, also help to eliminate and thisly independent wheel is housed rather than is contained in intrinsic dynamic effect on the bogie truck of the automatic centering adaptor union that is used for conventional installation shaft, and reduce the tread wearing and tearing, because this system does not slide for bearing the standard that will bear owing to described automatic centering installation shaft, result as the wheel guiding, wheel wear is reduced, it is characterized in that: this guidance system can be realized by the center balancing device that is loaded on the passenger car body middle part, perhaps in a second embodiment, realize by the independent pilot system that is used for each bogie truck, this guidance system is made of a balancing device (36), its turning cylinder is fitted together with the central frame that is arranged on each bogie truck, bar (37) is articulated in the upper end of balancing device (36), its other end is connected with a supporting member (38), this supporting member (38) is installed on the passenger car body, balancing device (36) is provided with one and supporting member (38) pivotally attached bar (39), the other end of bar (39) is installed on the shell of a pendulum fork (6), this pendulum fork is installed in again on the framework (4) that has rolling assembly, this balancing device (36) has another articulated joint (40) and is positioned at the top of its turning cylinder, and be arranged to and following articulated joint with respect to the equidistant place of the turning cylinder of balancing device; Bar (41) and (42) are installed in this articulated joint (40).

2. have variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of spacing according to claim 1 a kind of, it is characterized in that: the other end of bar (41) is installed on the shell of another pendulum fork on bogie truck one side, and this bogie truck is installed in again on one second framework (4); The other end of bar (42) is hinged on the lower end or the upper end of center balancing device, and the rotating shaft of this balancing device is installed on the framework of passenger car body.

3. has variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of, it is characterized in that: when passenger vehicle enters a bend, between bogie truck and car body, produce a relative rotation, the geometrical axis of this rotation is vertical, when bogie truck moves forward into this bend, the described rotation of this bogie truck is along with the bend that changes produces gradually, this balancing device (36) be installed in articulated joint displacement backward on the central frame (1), this has just caused the same displacement between bar (41) and (39), thereby produce a rotation on two frameworks that have a rolling assembly, this rotations centers on the rotation of the articulated joint between itself and the fixed link (37) along with balancing device and produces.

According to claim 1,2 and 3 one we have variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, it is characterized in that: the rotation that has two frameworks (4) of rolling assembly results from the rotation of these frameworks (4) round articulated joint (2), because this rotation, being installed in rubber plate and the rubber pad (3) that the coil spring bottom constitutes another suspension all is out of shape in shearing, at bar (39) and (41) and the last effect of stock (42) shearing stress, tractive force and pressure.

According to claim 1,2,3 and 4 a kind ofly have a variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, it is characterized in that: the rotation by balancing device (36) makes the displacement of bar (42) generation will make balancing device (43) rotation, this balancing device (43) moves other bars (42) again, and the displacement of this bar always on the balancing device (36) of trailing truck, cause one with other with the identical motion of base part, thereby make second bogie truck the axle with the angular turn same with the front bogie truck.

6. has variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing according to claim 1 a kind of, it is characterized in that: the independent pilot system that is used for each bogie truck is made of a balancing device (44), the turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed on the central frame (1), and bar (46) is hinged on the upper end of described balancing device (44), the rear end is hinged on the strut member (46), this strut member is installed in again on the framework of passenger car body, bar (47) is hinged on the upper end of described balancing device (44), the other end of bar (47) is hinged on the upper end of balancing device (48), the turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed in the rear axle pendulum of bogie truck and pitches on the shell of (6), and this bogie truck is installed on the framework (4) that has rolling assembly.

7. has variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing according to claim 6 a kind of, it is characterized in that: the lower end of balancing device (48) is connected on the bar (49), the rear end of bar (49) is installed on the central frame (1) of bogie truck, bar (51) is connected the lower end of balancing device (44), the other end of bar (51) is hinged on the lower end of balancing device (50), the turning cylinder of this balancing device is installed on the shell of bogie truck front axle pendulum fork (6), and this bogie truck is installed on the framework (4) that has rolling assembly.

8. has variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit in a gap according to claim 6 and 7 a kind of, it is characterized in that, one bar (52) is hinged on the upper end of center balancing device (50), the other end of bar (52) is installed on the central frame (1), when passenger vehicle enters bend, producing one between bogie truck and the car body relatively rotates, the geometrical axis of this rotation is vertical, when bogie truck moves forward into bend, and when described bogie truck rotates when the bend that changes produces gradually, this balancing device (44) tilts, because its articulated joint is installed on the central frame (1), and in the inboard of bend backward or move forward, the displacement of this balancing device is to be produced by the rotation of articulated joint on it, in fact be because bar (45) is installed on the strut member (46), and strut member (46) is connected on the framework of passenger car body.

9. according to claim 6,7 and 8 a kind ofly have a variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, it is characterized in that: the lower end shifting bar (51) of balancing device (44), bar (51) is the lower end of dragging balancer (50) again, the upper end of balancing device (50) is also drawn by bar (52), bear a displacement as bogie truck relative to the described rear end of result that car body rotates, because the anchoring piece of its articulated joint (53) is connected on the main frame (1), this framework makes balancing device (50) produce moving and rotating of a while, the displacement backward of its turning cylinder, this turning cylinder is installed on the shell of pendulum fork (6), and this just causes framework (4) motion of the primary shaft of bogie truck.

According to claim 6,7,8 and 9 a kind ofly have a variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing, it is characterized in that, the displacement of articulated joint (54) has caused relatively rotating between bogie truck and the car body, shifting bar (49) backward, this bar (49) is the lower end of shifting balance device (48) again, promote the fixed link (47) of articulated joint on balancing device (48) around its upper articulation head rotation, and the rotating shaft of this balancing device causes that this framework of second (4) rotates when displacement and when being installed on pendulum fork (6) shell of rear axle.

11. have variable guidance system of taking turns the bogie unit of a spacing according to claim 1 a kind of, it is characterized in that: because the geometric shape of first and second axle systems of each bogie truck, first and second embodiment are also incomplete same for guide, but the axle of the same name for each bogie truck is identical, any one system is not applied the influence of passenger vehicle service direction, and without any need for the connection combination of the vehicles that can be connected in this passenger vehicle.