CN111454774A - 一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法 - Google Patents
一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，包括以下步骤：S1)、将干燥的植物粉末放入超临界萃取釜中，将CO2在高压下注入萃取釜中，并控制提取温度和压力，萃取温度为42℃，萃取压力为23Mpa，萃取时间为120min；S2)、萃取完成后，将萃取釜减压并收集容器中的挥发油，利用旋转真空蒸发器去除溶剂，并利用氮气处理以除去提取物的残留溶剂，本发明的萃取率为4.9％‑5.5％。本发明采用超临界二氧化碳制备植物精油，具有操作简便，较高收率的优点；本发明制备的植物精油可有效抑制α‑糖苷酶活性和显著降低小鼠体内血糖；本发明制备的精油组合拓宽了精油的使用范围，且制备工艺较简单，操作方便，适于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物精油技术领域，尤其是一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，以及该植物精油的应用。
背景技术
植物精油是植物体内的次生代谢物质，由分子量相对较小的简单化合物组成，具有一定芳香气味，在常温下能挥发的油状液体物质。植物精油因其独特的组成和生物活性，如具有解热止痛、抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、留香持久等特点，在医药、保健品、化妆品、添加剂、生态旅游等方面具有广泛的用途，而具有降糖活性的植物精油可由于治疗糖尿病。
糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用障碍导致的一组以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。糖尿病患者可表现出典型的“三多一少”症状，即多饮、多尿、多食及体重减轻。糖尿病的患病人数正随着人民生活水平提高，生活方式的改变、人口老龄化迅速增加，糖尿病严重的危害已成为最热点的世界性健康问题。
持久的糖尿病可引起多系统损害，型糖尿病不仅可以引起微血管并发症，如糖尿病肾病、眼部病变、周围神经病变等，而且还能引发严重的危害性大血管并发症，如中风、心肌梗死、下肢血管阻塞性病变等。目前还没有根治此病的药物，临床治疗糖尿病多采用饮食和物理辐射辅以药物进行治疗，或通过饮食和物理福射辅以胰岛素注射进行治疗。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，该方法使用二氧化碳超临界萃取法进行提取，工艺简单高效，并且提取的植物精油还具有降糖的效果。
本发明的技术方案为：一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，包括以下步骤：
S1)、将干燥的植物粉末放入超临界萃取釜中，将CO2在高压下注入萃取釜中，并控制提取温度和压力；
S2)、萃取完成后，将萃取釜减压并收集容器中的挥发油，并利用旋转真空蒸发器去除溶剂，并利用氮气处理以除去提取物的残留溶剂。
优选的，步骤S1)中采用的超临界CO2提取植物精油的方法为植物精油的超临界萃取。
优选的，步骤S1)中，所述的干燥的植物粉末包括姜、灵芝孢子、香附、沙棘籽、沙棘果、厚朴、乳香、川芎、当归、蛇床子、广藿香、木香、五味子和薄荷粉末。
优选的，步骤S1)中，所述CO2的流量为10-30L/h，萃取温度为32-52℃，萃取压力为15-35MPa，萃取时间为60-180min。
更优选的，步骤S1)中，所述CO2的流量为20L/h，萃取温度为42℃，萃取压力为23MPa，萃取时间为120min。
优选的，步骤S2)中，所述旋转真空蒸发仪器的转速为10-100rpm/min，真空度为0.1-1MPa，蒸发温度为35-55℃，蒸馏时间为20-60min，氮气的流量为15-25L/h。
更优选的，步骤S2)中，所述旋转真空蒸发仪器的转速为60rpm/min，真空度为0.2MPa，蒸发温度为42℃，蒸馏时间为40min，氮气的流量为20L/h。
优选的，所述植物精油的萃取率4.9％-5.5％。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明采用超临界二氧化碳制备植物精油，具有操作简便，较高收率的优点；
2、本发明制备的植物精油可有效抑制α-糖苷酶活性和显著降低小鼠体内血糖；
3、本发明制备的精油组合拓宽了精油的使用范围，且制备工艺较简单，操作方便，适于工业化生产；
4、本发明的植物精油的提取效率为4.9％-5.5％。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本发明发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种植物精油的提取方法，具体包括以下步骤：
称取干燥的植物粉末50g于超临界萃取釜中，将CO2在高压下注入萃取釜；并用二氧化碳流量计测量CO2用量，而且在超临界萃取过程中，为保证萃取率为最大值，通过调节阀控制提取温度和压力。其中，二氧化碳流量为10-30L/h，萃取温度为32-52℃，萃取压力为15-35MPa，萃取时间为60-180min。而植物粉末采用姜、灵芝孢子、香附、沙棘籽、沙棘果、厚朴、乳香、川芎、当归、蛇床子、广藿香、木香、五味子和薄荷粉末：
(2)萃取完成后，调节旋转真空蒸发仪器的转速为60rpm/min，真空度为0.2MPa，蒸发温度为42℃，蒸馏时间为40min，将溶剂去除；并将萃取釜减压，然后收集容器中的挥发油，用氮气(流量为20L/h)处理以除去残留溶剂。
实施例2
植物精油抑制α-糖苷酶活性
采用相同浓度的实施例1制备的植物精油(10mg/ml)进行抑制α-糖苷酶活性测试，结果见表1。
表1精油对α-糖苷酶活性的影响
实施例3
植物精油的体内降糖作用
以质量浓度为10mg/ml的植物精油做体外降糖实验。取90只正常6周大的昆明雌鼠，分为5组，每组5只昆明小鼠，分别为空白组、STZ组、各种植物精油组。对空白组小鼠测血糖值，以此为0点，分别对其他小组进行STZ造模，并对其中三组分别灌胃等量的各种植物精油组。在60min、90min、120min和150min时，分别记录昆明小鼠的血糖值，其结果见表2。
表2精油对正常昆明雌鼠血糖(mmol/L)的影响
各取5只STZ模型糖尿病6周大的昆明雌鼠，分别测血糖值，以此为0点，再分别灌胃等量的各种植物精油组。在30min、60min、90min、120min和150min时，分别记录小鼠血糖值，其结果见表3。
表3精油对STZ模型糖尿病昆明雌鼠血糖(mmol/L)的影响
为了研究长期灌胃精油组合物对STZ模型糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响，连续灌胃精油15天，并在0天、第4天、第7天、第10天和第14天各测量小鼠血糖值一次。其结果见表4。
表4长期灌胃精油对STZ模型糖尿病昆明雌鼠血糖(mmol/L)的影响
取正常小鼠5只，STZ模型小鼠5只，灌胃各种植物精油组的糖尿病小鼠各5只。分别测其血清的胰岛素值，结果见表5。
表5精油对糖尿病模型小鼠血清血糖值和胰岛素值的影响
综合表1、表2、表3、表4和表5可以看出植物精油在体外能够显著抑制α-糖苷酶活性，在体内能够有效降低小鼠血糖方面。而且降糖作用发挥时间短，大部分精油能在30min内起作用，且作用时间长。此外，在150min进行测量时发现血糖值还处在一个低水平。长期灌胃精油组合物对STZ模型小鼠的血糖值影响非常明显，几乎能使血糖值达到正常水平，而对正常小鼠的血糖值影响不明显。因此，数据表明经超临界CO2萃取得到的植物精油可起到降糖作用。
上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理和最佳实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于，所述的方法采用超临界CO2萃取法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1)、将干燥的植物粉末放入超临界萃取釜中，将CO2在高压下注入萃取釜中，并控制提取温度和压力；
S2)、萃取完成后，将萃取釜减压并收集容器中的挥发油，并利用旋转真空蒸发器去除溶剂，并利用氮气处理以除去提取物的残留溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
步骤S1)中，所述的干燥的植物粉末为姜、灵芝孢子、香附、沙棘籽、沙棘果、厚朴、乳香、川芎、当归、蛇床子、广藿香、木香、五味子和薄荷粉末中的一种或几种的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
步骤S1)中，所述CO2的流量为10-30L/h，萃取温度为32-52℃，萃取压力为15-35MPa，萃取时间为60-180min。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
步骤S1)中，所述CO2的流量为20L/h，萃取温度为42℃，萃取压力为23MPa，萃取时间为120min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
步骤S2)中，所述旋转真空蒸发仪器的转速为10-100rpm/min，真空度为0.1-1MPa，蒸发温度为35-55℃，蒸馏时间为20-60min，氮气的流量为15-25L/h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
步骤S2)中，所述旋转真空蒸发仪器的转速为60rpm/min，真空度为0.2MPa，蒸发温度为42℃，蒸馏时间为40min，氮气的流量为20L/h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖活性的植物精油的提取方法，其特征在于：
所述植物精油的萃取率4.9％-5.5％。
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