CN111454444A - 一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物 - Google Patents

一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物 Download PDF

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CN111454444A
CN111454444A CN202010435727.8A CN202010435727A CN111454444A CN 111454444 A CN111454444 A CN 111454444A CN 202010435727 A CN202010435727 A CN 202010435727A CN 111454444 A CN111454444 A CN 111454444A
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莫洪昌
卢先明
徐明辉
刘宁
段秉蕙
王伯周
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物,其结构式如(I)所示:
Figure DDA0002502156960000011
其中,R为CH3或CH2CH3,m=10~60,为整数,x=1~3,为整数,y=1~3,为整数。本发明主要用于固体推进剂。本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物含有羟基和丙烯酰氧基两种活性反应基团,可采用多叠氮化合物、多异氰酸酯化合物中的一种或两种来进行固化,可赋予交联弹性体较高的力学性能和较宽的调节范围。

Description

一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物,该化合物主要作为固体推进剂的粘合剂,属于固体推进剂领域。
背景技术
端羟基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PET)粘合剂具有与硝酸酯类增塑剂互溶性好、主链柔顺性好、粘度低、玻璃化转变温度低等特点,在硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂中已经得到了广泛的应用。PET一般与多异氰酸酯固化剂组成异氰酸酯固化体系,通过端羟基和异氰酸酯基间的固化反应制备聚氨酯弹性体,但是异氰酸酯固化体系固化条件苛刻,对潮气敏感,异氰酸酯基团能够与水或有机酸快速反应生成CO2,在推进剂中易形成气孔,影响其力学性能、贮存性能和安全性能。
为了解决异氰酸酯固化体系存在的上述问题,科研人员基于炔基与叠氮基能发生1,3-偶极环加成反应生成三唑环的原理,开发了端炔基粘合剂,端炔基粘合剂与叠氮类固化剂能够组成聚三唑交联固化体系。例如曲正阳等人《端炔基PET的合成及固化研究》中国化学会第五届全国化学推进剂学术会议论文集,2011,230-234中公开了一种端炔基聚醚粘合剂,即端炔基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(C≡PET4000)。其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002502156950000011
该C≡PET4000粘合剂末端仅含有炔基一种活性反应基团,仅能与叠氮类固化剂固化,力学性能可调节的范围较窄,当加入增塑剂2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛和2,2-二硝基丙醇缩乙醛混合物(A3),在增塑比为0.5时,考察了不同叠氮基与炔基的摩尔比(R值)对固化后的胶片力学性能的影响。结果表明:当R值为1.0时,固化得到的胶片力学性能最佳,其断裂伸长率为72%,拉伸强度为0.76MPa。胶片的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能偏低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服背景技术的不足,提供一种能赋予交联弹性体较高力学性能与较宽调节范围的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物。
本发明的构思是:C≡PET4000基弹性体胶片的力学性能偏低且可调节范围较窄是由于C≡PET4000粘合剂仅含有一种活性反应基团炔基,炔基的平均官能度为2,活性反应基团的数量及种类较少,交联后无法形成较为致密的交联网络结构。为了提高弹性体胶片的力学性能,本发明设想:以分子链间具有较强作用力的硝酸酯聚醚端羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷作为粘合剂的母体结构,在其两端引入多个活性羟基基团的和丙烯酰氧基团,增加活性反应基团的种类与数量,从而提高其固化后弹性体的力学性能及调节范围。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物,其结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA0002502156950000021
其中,R为CH3或CH2CH3,m=10~60,为整数,x=1~3,为整数,y=1~3,为整数。
本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物合成路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0002502156950000022
其中,R为CH3或CH2CH3,m=10~60,为整数,x=1~3,为整数,y=1~3,为整数。
本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,将端羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,然后加入三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应30min,降温至—5~5℃,开始缓慢滴加羟甲基取代氧杂环丁烷,滴加完毕后继续反应24~36h,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷;其中羟甲基取代氧杂环丁烷为3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷或3-羟甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷,三氟化硼·乙醚络合物、羟甲基取代氧杂环丁烷与端羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的摩尔比为0.8~1.2:2~6:1。
(2)室温下,将多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷、三乙胺和二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至—5~5℃,开始缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加时间为4~8h,滴加完毕后继续反应20~30h,水洗至中性,分出油相减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到端丙烯酰氧基多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷,即为本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物;其中丙烯酰氯、三乙胺与多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的摩尔比为2:2.5:1。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物含有羟基和丙烯酰氧基两种活性反应基团,可采用多叠氮化合物、多异氰酸酯化合物中的一种或两种来进行固化,可赋予交联弹性体较高的力学性能和较宽的调节范围。
具体实施方式
测试仪器:
红外光谱测试采用美国Nicolet公司的Nexus870型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪;
核磁共振测试采用德国Bruker公司的AVANCEAV500型核磁共振仪;
数均分子量测试采用英国PL公司GPC-50型凝胶渗透色谱仪;GPC测试条件:色谱柱为PLgelMIXED-E串联;流动相为THF;柱温为40℃;检测器为示差折光检测器;
弹性体力学性能测试采用美国Instron公司Instron4505型万能材料试验机;
羟值测试采用邻苯二甲酸酐-吡啶酰化法。
实施例1
(1)多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成
室温下,将35g(10mmol)端羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷和60mL二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,然后加入1.42g(10mmol)三氟化硼·乙醚络合物,搅拌下反应30min,降温至0℃,开始缓慢滴加4.08g(40mmol)3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,用碳酸钠水溶液中和,水洗至中性,分出油相减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到淡黄色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3484(-OH),2939、2862、2804(-CH2-,-CH3),1632、1281、869(-ONO2),1113(C-O-C)。
1HNMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ4.52,3.51~3.35,2.95,1.05~0.77。
13CNMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ75.1,72.5,71.5~69.5,68.1,61.7,40.5,17.3。
分子量及分布:Mn=3886,Mw=6023,Mw/Mn=1.55。
羟值:83.73mgKOH/g。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷。
(2)端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物的合成
室温下,将38.86g多羟基聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷、2.53g三乙胺和300mL二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌均匀,降温至0℃,开始缓慢滴加含1.81g丙烯酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液20mL,滴加时间为5h,滴加完毕后继续反应24h,水洗至中性,分出油相减压蒸除二氯甲烷后得到亮红色粘稠液体。
结构鉴定:
IR,νmax(cm-1):3693(-OH),2939、2862、2800(-CH2-,-CH3),1632、1281、869(-ONO2),1727(-COO-),1634(C=C-),1114(C-O-C)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ6.41,6.13,5.84,4.52,4.31,4.12,3.51~3.35,2.61,1.06~0.78。
13C NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ165.9,130.9,128.3,75.1,72.5,71.5~69.5,68.1,66.7,63.7,61.7,41.0,17.3。
分子量及分布:Mn=3990,Mw=6264,Mw/Mn=1.57。
羟值:53.15mgKOH/g。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物。
本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物应用性能
(1)与固化剂的混溶性及反应性评价
选用乙二醇二叠氮乙酸酯(EGBAA)、1,5-二叠氮基-3-硝基氮杂戊烷(DIANP)为叠氮类固化剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、改性六次甲基多异氰酸酯(N100)为异氰酸酯类固化剂,考察了端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物与两类固化剂的混溶性以及反应性。
本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物与两类固化剂均具有很好的混溶性,混合物清澈透明,所形成的混合液在60~70℃下均能够平稳的进行固化反应。
(2)弹性体的力学性能
以本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物为粘合剂,采用两类固化剂中的一种或两种来固化,制备的弹性体胶片力学性能结果见表1。
表1固化剂对弹性体胶片力学性能的影响(20℃)
Figure BDA0002502156950000051
可见,以本发明的端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物为粘合剂制备的弹性体力学性能较宽泛,当采用两种固化剂固化时弹性体具有较高的拉伸强度。

Claims (1)

1.一种端丙烯酰氧基多羟基硝酸酯聚醚预聚物,其特征在于,其结构式如(I)所示:
Figure FDA0002502156940000011
其中,R为CH3或CH2CH3,m=10~60,为整数,x=1~3,为整数,y=1~3,为整数。
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