CN111448203B - 用于制备坎格雷洛的有效方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/02—Phosphorylation
- C07H1/04—Introducing polyphosphoric acid radicals
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/02—Phosphorylation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
- C07H19/213—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids containing cyclic phosphate
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过制备和随后水解式(IV)的中间体来制备盐形式的式(V)的坎格雷洛的方法,该方法的特征在于产物的高收率和纯度,并且可以在产业上使用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于合成药学上可接受的盐、特别是高纯度的四钠盐形式的坎格雷洛的新方法。该方法是创新的,并且对于工业化规模的应用特别有利。
发明背景
坎格雷洛四钠为ADP P2Y12受体抑制剂,其用作静脉内抗血小板药物。许多P2Y12抑制剂用作血小板活化和聚集系统的抑制剂。与属于同一药理学类别的其他活性成分不同,坎格雷洛不需要代谢转化即可具有活性。
坎格雷洛四钠盐在WO9418216中首次被提及为具有相同巯基腺苷结构但取代基不同的核苷酸化合物的广泛文库的成员。该专利中公开的合成方法(方案1)涉及在式(VI)的核苷化合物的含氮碱基的硫氢基上进行初始衍生,得到式(VIII)的化合物,然后在保护羟基作为酯后将其在氮上进行第二次衍生,得到式(IX)的化合物。所得化合物在碱性水性介质中脱保护,得到式(I)化合物,为结晶固体。使式(I)的化合物与磷酰氯反应,得到式(II)的中间体,其无法分离,但在碱性介质中通过水解转化成相应的式(X)的膦酸盐。式(X)的化合物通过使用DOWEX H+树脂的离子交换色谱法纯化,并通过冷冻干燥洗脱的级分进行分离。然后在三丁胺的存在下,通过与羰基二咪唑(CDI)反应来活化式(X)的化合物,得到式(Ⅺ)的化合物,然后使其与氯膦酸盐(式(III)的化合物)反应,得到作为三丁基铵盐的坎格雷洛。通过使用DEAE-SEPHADEX树脂的离子交换色谱法纯化坎格雷洛三丁基铵盐,用碳酸氢三丁基铵水溶液洗脱。然后通过冻干洗脱的级分分离坎格雷洛三丁基铵盐。通过将坎格雷洛三丁基铵盐溶于甲醇并且通过在丙酮溶液中加入碘化钠使产物沉淀而最终得到坎格雷洛四钠盐。
除外极低的总摩尔收率(低于10%),该合成方法的主要缺点在于需要使用色谱柱在昂贵的特殊树脂上进行多次纯化,以获得足够纯度的产物。此外,中间体和终产物通过冷冻干燥分离。
该专利还公开了一种涉及坎格雷洛的合成而不分离式(X)的中间体的方法。在所述方法中,在涉及形成式(X)的中间体的合成步骤中,将由三丁胺和氯膦酸盐在磷酸三乙酯中组成的溶液加入到反应结束混合物中;然后将所得混合物用碳酸氢钠水溶液处理,并通过离子交换色谱法(使用DEAE-SEPHADEX树脂)纯化,用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗脱。最终,通过冷冻干燥洗脱的级分得到坎格雷洛四钠盐(化合物V’)。
所述第二方法的主要缺点在于使用大摩尔量的氯膦酸转化式(X)的中间体(每摩尔式(X)的初始中间体约12摩尔)。另外,需要使用昂贵的专用树脂进行色谱纯化以分离产物。此外,所述纯化可能不足以获得足够纯的产物,由此要使用额外的纯化技术。另外,纯化的级分仍必须冷冻干燥以分离坎格雷洛四钠。结果是摩尔收率仍然相当低,总计不超过20%。
一些最近公布的中国专利例如CN104447927、CN105273025和CN105273026描述了合成中间体I合成的许多改进。但是,这些专利并不涉及本方法的最关键部分,即得到化合物X和最终的坎格雷洛。
因此,仍然需要找到一种工业上可扩展规模的合成方法,该方法通过限制色谱纯化和通过冷冻干燥分离产物来生产具有更高收率和纯度的坎格雷洛四钠盐。
发明概述
本发明涉及用于得到药学上可接受的盐、特别是四钠盐形式的坎格雷洛的新方法。方案2简要示例了式(V′)的坎格雷洛四钠盐的制备方法。该方法涉及式(II)的中间体的合成,其直接转化成式(IV)的环状中间体,任选地通过结晶分离和纯化。然后使得到的式(IV)的化合物反应以直接得到四钠盐形式的坎格雷洛,随后通过使用聚合物树脂的亲和色谱法纯化,且最终通过冷冻干燥富集的级分进行分离。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于得到式(V)的药学上可接受的盐形式的坎格雷洛的方法:
其中M+选自钠离子、铵离子和三丁基铵离子,
该方法包含下列步骤:
a)在磷酰卤存在下使式(I)的化合物磷酸化:
得到式(II)的化合物:
b)使得到的式(II)的化合物与氯膦酸反应,得到式(IV)的化合物:
c)任选地通过从反应混合物中沉淀并且过滤分离得到的式(IV)化合物;和
d)通过在碱的存在下与水反应将化合物(IV)转化成式(V)的盐形式的坎格雷洛。
式(V)的化合物优选为坎格雷洛四钠盐。
优选地,不分离式(II)的化合物,且式(II)的化合物与氯膦酸的反应(步骤b)直接使用步骤a)中得到的反应混合物有效地进行。
优选地通过柱色谱法和/或从适合的溶剂中结晶。更优选地通过柱色谱法且随后从适合的溶剂中结晶纯化盐形式的坎格雷洛。
步骤a)的磷酸化是在适当的极性无质子溶剂中,在磷酰卤的存在下进行,所述磷酰卤诸如磷酰氯,所述极性无质子溶剂例如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷、磷酸三甲酯和磷酸三乙酯或其混合物,优选四氢呋喃、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯或其混合物,特别是磷酸三乙酯和磷酸三甲酯。
该反应在-20℃-40℃、优选-20℃-20℃的温度下进行,反应时间为10小时-48小时,特别是15小时-24小时。
步骤b)的反应通过在适合的有机碱的存在下在适合的溶剂中将步骤a)中得到的反应混合物加入到式(III)的氯膦酸溶液中进行,所述有机碱例如三乙胺、三丁胺、二异丙基乙胺、正甲基吗啉、N,N-二甲基苯胺和二环己基胺,优选三乙胺和三丁胺,所述适合的溶剂例如醚、酯、烷和腈,特别是四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲基叔丁基醚、乙酸乙酯、环己烷、甲苯、二氯甲烷和乙腈,优选四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和乙腈。通过将两种溶液维持在-20℃-40℃、优选-20℃-20℃的温度下进行添加,并在搅拌下维持10分钟-180分钟的时间,优选30分钟-120分钟。
得到的式(IV)的化合物可以通过经添加抗溶剂沉淀(步骤c)来分离,所述抗溶剂例如为无质子溶剂,其属于醚或烷类,例如乙醚、异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、环戊基甲基醚、正己烷、环己烷和庚烷。然后通过“按原样”过滤反应混合物或在0℃-50℃、特别是0℃-30℃的温度下浓缩至适量的溶剂后回收化合物(IV),得到产物,为结晶固体。
或者,可以省略式(IV)的化合物的分离,并且可以通过向反应介质中加入碱性水溶液直接进行步骤d)的反应,得到盐形式的坎格雷洛。
式(V)的化合物通过使式(IV)的中间体在碱性水解条件下、在水和有机溶剂的存在下或仅在水性介质中反应来制备,所述有机溶剂例如醚、烷和腈,特别是四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、甲苯和乙腈。该反应在有机或无机碱,特别是氨、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、二异丙胺或三丁胺的存在下进行。该反应在0℃-50℃、特别是0℃-30℃的温度范围内进行,并在搅拌下维持2小时-72小时、优选16小时-36小时的时间。
通过使用聚合物树脂如HP20SS进行色谱分离,用水和乙腈的混合物洗脱,然后冷冻干燥分离式(V)的产物。如此分离的产物显示出高纯度。
式(V)的产物可以通过从溶剂如丙酮、甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇或所述物质之一与水的混合物中结晶来纯化。
本发明的方法以高收率和纯度生产盐形式的坎格雷洛。这种有效、新颖的方法避免了使用大摩尔量的试剂,并且可以将合成中间体(环状化合物IV)分离为结晶产物。作为所述改进的结果,坎格雷洛的纯化的困难性低于已知方法,并且可以使用水和乙腈的混合物作为洗脱相用常规的聚合物树脂进行。
本发明的方法具有许多优点。它们包括通过结晶已经具有良好纯度水平的环状化合物(IV)进行分离,从而从反应介质中消除高沸点溶剂(难以除去)、过量的试剂和相关的副产物。然后可以通过用常规的聚合物树脂的快速色谱、通过冷冻干燥用水洗脱的富集级分来分离终产物。
或者,可以省略环状化合物(IV)的分离,并且可以将碱性水溶液直接添加到反应介质中,得到盐形式的坎格雷洛,可以将其再次通过使用常规聚合物树脂的快速色谱法分离、通过冷冻干燥用水洗脱的富集级分进行分离。
在这两种情况下,该方法的总收率均比在先描述的方法高得多,并且总计约70%摩尔。
用于所要求保护的方法中的式(I)的化合物和试剂为商购的。
本发明的另一个目的在于式(IV)的中间体。
现在通过以下实施例进一步示例本发明。
实施例
实施例1
式(IV)的化合物的合成
将化合物I(30.0g,0.06mol)溶于磷酸三乙酯(150mL),将得到的混合物冷却至0℃。加入磷酰氯(18.5g,0.12mol),历时30分钟,将该反应混合物维持在0℃下24小时。将该反应混合物在60分钟内加入到三乙胺(77.5g,0.77mol)和氯膦酸(27.6g,0.06mol)在二氯甲烷(450mL)中的混合物中。将该反应混合物维持在0℃下搅拌60分钟,然后加入环戊基甲基醚(300mL),在低压下蒸馏150ml溶剂。使得到的混悬液通过布氏漏斗过滤,得到式(IV)的化合物,为带白色的结晶固体。
实施例2
坎格雷洛四钠盐的合成
将实施例1中得到的式(IV)的化合物(30.0g,0.02mol)混悬于二氯甲烷(50mL)。向该混悬液中加入10%NaHCO3水溶液(70mL)。将该反应混合物维持在20℃下搅拌24小时。在低压下蒸馏50mL溶剂。使得到的溶液上包含HP20SS树脂的色谱柱。用水与乙腈(95/5)的混合物作为洗脱液洗脱柱。通过在低压下浓缩富集的级分分离产物,且最终从丙酮中结晶,得到坎格雷洛,为白色结晶固体(4.8g,0.006mol,具有99%以上的纯度(HPLC))。
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式(V)的化合物为坎格雷洛四钠盐。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中不分离式(II)的化合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中通过柱色谱和/或从适合的溶剂中结晶纯化步骤d)中得到的盐形式的式(V)化合物。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中通过柱色谱和随后的从适合的溶剂中结晶纯化步骤d)中得到的盐形式的式(V)化合物。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中磷酰卤为磷酰氯。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中步骤a)的磷酸化在无质子极性溶剂中进行,所述无质子极性溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷、磷酸三甲酯和磷酸三乙酯或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中步骤a)的磷酸化在-20℃-40℃温度下进行。
9.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中步骤b)的反应通过在有机碱的存在下将步骤a)中得到的反应混合物添加到氯膦酸溶液中进行,所述有机碱选自三乙胺、三丁胺、二异丙基醚胺、n-甲基吗啉、N,N-二甲基苯胺和二环己基胺。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中将氯膦酸溶于溶剂,所述溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲基叔丁基醚、乙酸乙酯、环己烷、甲苯、二氯甲烷和乙腈。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其中进行所述添加,维持两种溶液在-20℃-40℃的温度。
12.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中在步骤(c)中式(IV)的化合物沉淀通过添加抗溶剂得到,所述抗溶剂为无极性溶剂,其选自乙醚、异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、环戊基甲基醚、正己烷、环己烷和庚烷。
13.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中不分离步骤b)中得到的式(IV)的化合物。
14.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中步骤d)的水解是在碱性水解条件下、在水和有机溶剂的存在下或仅在水性介质中进行。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述的有机溶剂为醚、烷和腈。
16.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、甲苯和乙腈。
17.根据权利要求14的方法,其中碱性水解使用有机碱或无机碱进行,所述有机碱或无机碱选自氨、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、二异丙胺和三丁胺。
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