CN111432817A - 抑制肿瘤移转的方法 - Google Patents
抑制肿瘤移转的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111432817A CN111432817A CN201880077049.3A CN201880077049A CN111432817A CN 111432817 A CN111432817 A CN 111432817A CN 201880077049 A CN201880077049 A CN 201880077049A CN 111432817 A CN111432817 A CN 111432817A
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- cancer
- receptor antagonist
- thromboxane
- alkyl
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Abstract
抑制实体肿瘤移转的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂,诸如伊非曲班。其抑制表面及显微肺移转的形成。凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可抑制所述肿瘤移转过程,而不影响原发性肿瘤的生长或发展。
Description
相关申请案
本申请案要求保护2017年11月29日申请的美国临时申请案第62/592,365号的优先权,其以全文引用的方式并人本文中。
技术领域
本发明提供用凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法。
背景技术
癌症在全球范围内仍是发病率及死亡率的主要原因。对于大多数癌症来说,尽管靶向疗法及免疫治疗策略的新进展正改变一些癌症对化学疗法的依赖性,但细胞毒素化学疗法已持续数十年作为护理的标准。不管一些癌症的治疗进展如何,癌症移转及复发为贯穿初期诊断出的所有实体癌的普遍担忧。
移转癌诊断给各病患带来影响生活质量的显著的情感、社会及经济负担,在很大程度上是因为这些诊断一般与早期死亡相关联。即使当癌症处于缓解状态(临床静默状态)时,视癌症的类型而定,微观移转,甚至单个癌细胞可贯穿整个身体以临床上不可检测的状态潜伏持续长度可变的时段。甚至对最敏感的成像模式,这些潜在危险细胞仍为不可见的,直到其生长到临床上明显的水平。
几乎没有疗法直接靶向肿瘤细胞侵入及/或移转且当前均未被FDA批准用于此适应症的临床使用。特别通过中和或妨碍肿瘤细胞的问题分散来预防移转的有意方法将为重要的,且可以数个不同形式表现:将细胞围阻于原发性部位、使癌细胞无法存活于循环中、减少逃避免疫监视、预防血小板/肿瘤细胞聚集体、预防继发性部位处的外渗及/或使继发性部位不适于移转性接种。特定地影响贯穿癌症的移转性过程的药剂将因此代表癌症管理的新范式,解决未满足的医学需要且最终旨在阻断癌症播散-聚焦于超出原发性肿瘤。
移转的阻断同样可具有额外间接益处。举例来说,阻止癌症散布的药剂可允许以减少的剂量或较短持续时间使用常规化学疗法。这是重要考虑因素,是因为除了快速生长的肿瘤细胞以外,化学疗法通常也靶向快速生长的健康细胞,从而引起与治疗相关联的毒性、组织损伤及发病率。此外,旨在预防移转性播散的治疗可与分子靶向抗肿瘤剂组合使用。在此情境下,应注意对分子靶向药剂的后天耐药性通常产生于移转性复发的部位处。因此,对移转性播散的抑制可降低后天耐药性的发生率及/或速率,从而提高精密癌症疗法的临床成效。
诊断患有实体癌的病患可接收包含手术、辐射疗法、化学疗法、疫苗、激素调节剂、免疫疗法或分子靶向疗法的治疗中的任一者或其组合。在包含用辅助全身性疗法治疗任何微观移转性疾病的治疗过程之后,病患可不具有癌症的剩余临床迹象。在这些情况下,认为癌症处于“缓解状态”。这些病患、其家庭及其医师依赖于观察等待直到癌症的临床迹象恢复的时间。预防任何剩余肿瘤细胞的初始或继发性移转性散布--通过靶向移转性过程本身--可用主动预防替代观察等待。
因此需要阻断或抑制实体肿瘤自原发性肿瘤部位散布或移转的有效疗法。
发明内容
在一个方面中,本发明提供一种抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤的移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
在另一方面中,本发明提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转。
在另一方面中,本发明提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法中,其中所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
在另一方面中,本发明提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物用于制备用以治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转的药剂的用途。
附图说明
图1显示伊非曲班(ifetroban)在小鼠中从正位原发性4T1肿瘤降低表面肺移转的效果。
图2显示伊非曲班在小鼠中从正位原发性4T1肿瘤降低微观肺移转的效果。
图3显示伊非曲班及阿司匹林在移转的4T1小鼠模型中降低移转的效果。
图4显示伊非曲班在MDA-MB-231小鼠中降低肺移转的效果。
图5A显示伊非曲班对4T1细胞生长及活体外成活力无效。
图5B显示4T1小鼠模型中的原发性肿瘤体积不受伊非曲班影响。
图5C显示总体小鼠体重不受伊非曲班影响。
图6显示所提议实体肿瘤移转过程的概念性示意图。
图7显示在具有凝血脂素A2受体的功能获得性变异体T399A的病患中产生移转性散布的原发性肿瘤部位。
图8显示在投与伊非曲班后,乳房、胰脏及肺癌细胞的血性移转降低。
具体实施方式
癌移转
与其它相比,癌症可以不同速率散布且在一名病患中采用相异的分子及细胞路径。这种变化性中的一些可归因于或多或少有利于移转性散布的宿主环境。相比于癌细胞的局部组织侵入,移转需要经由血液及/或淋巴系统将癌细胞传送到远距离部位;神经周侵入也可在数种癌症中起重要作用。移转可能涉及肿瘤细胞聚集体的分离及栓塞,所述聚集体可经由与循环内的造血细胞的交互作用增加大小。移转的其它方面包含通过与初始组织侵入中所涉及的那些类似的机构的脉管(血液及淋巴两者)内的肿瘤栓塞的循环、运输通过循环且停滞于毛细管床中的肿瘤细胞的存活、及肿瘤栓塞的外渗。
如本文所使用的“肿瘤/癌细胞的移转”是指肿瘤/癌细胞从原始部位播散/传播到体内其它处的一或多个非临近部位,例如,借助于例如血管或淋巴管从一个器官或部分播散/传播到不与其直接连接的另一者。肿瘤/癌细胞的移转可例如导致继发性或后续肿瘤在除原发性肿瘤的位置以外的部位处形成。本发明方法的肿瘤/癌细胞可为任何实体肿瘤/癌症(诸如本文所述的实体肿瘤/癌症)的细胞。
与移转过程(即,播散/传播)不同的是继发性部位处的移转性肿瘤/癌症的生长,其可涉及产生移转性病灶、血管形成机构及防御宿主免疫反应的器官实质内的肿瘤细胞的增殖。
有可能经由药理学药剂为目标的移转中的经选择的血小板介导步骤包含:含血小板的肿瘤细胞聚集体的分离及栓塞;循环由聚集的血小板保护而免于宿主免疫反应的肿瘤细胞;及由P-选择素介导的肿瘤细胞-血小板交互作用促进的肿瘤栓塞移生。
尽管数个研究指示血小板参与癌症移转的路径(参见图6),但以预防或中断移转性疾病为有意目标的探究操纵这些连接以抑制血小板活化的研究仍处于极初期。尚不存在此类经论证疗法。血小板与肿瘤细胞相互作用的不同方式及那些效果的复杂方向性尚未完全理解,且第6图并不旨在是此领域的穷尽性表示;例如,关于血小板与肿瘤细胞之间的交互作用、其它因素可在整体疾病过程中发挥的作用及抗血小板疗法的潜在益处的研究还有很多,包含诸如粒线体DNA的细胞间移转及各种观测到的表观遗传改变的因素。
凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可贯穿多个肿瘤/癌症类型在实体肿瘤移转抑制或预防中具有广泛效用。不受特定理论束缚,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂减少血小板凝集且可降低肿瘤细胞自血管内皮分离且附着到血小板的能力。经由用肿瘤细胞阻断血小板凝集,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可经由经减少的整合素介导及/或选择素介导的细胞存活信号传导降低循环肿瘤细胞存活率。凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可通过影响P-选择素介导的交互作用来预防移生。血小板可保护循环肿瘤细胞丛免受宿主免疫反应的影响。经由用肿瘤细胞阻断血小板凝集,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可中断血小板与肿瘤细胞丛之间的交互作用,借此增加循环肿瘤细胞对宿主免疫反应的暴露且抑制移转。凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛的形成、循环肿瘤细胞丛的移动及/或循环肿瘤细胞丛与血小板的聚集。
抑制肿瘤移转的方法
本发明的一方面涵盖一种用于抑制个体中的肿瘤细胞移转的方法。所述方法包括投与有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤的移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
本发明还提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转。本发明还提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法中,其中所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。实体肿瘤移转的治疗或抑制包括以有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤的移转的量使用凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
本发明还提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物用于制备用以治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转的药剂的用途。本发明还提供凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物用于制备用以治疗或抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法中的药剂的用途,其中所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。实体肿瘤移转的治疗或抑制包括以有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤的移转的量使用凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
肿瘤细胞移转的抑制可通过整体移转性负担的降低显现,例如,相对于未经治疗个体的经治疗个体中的移转性肿瘤的数目、分布或体积。在一个实施例中,移转性肿瘤的数目可减少至少两倍。在另一实施例中,移转性肿瘤的数目可减少至少十倍。在另一实施例中移转性肿瘤的数目可减少至少50倍。在另一实施例中移转性肿瘤的数目可减少至少200倍。在另一实施例中,移转性肿瘤的数目可减少到使得不可检测到移转性肿瘤的程度。在另一实施例中,移转性肿瘤可受限于一个器官或组织,而非散布到两个或更多个器官或组织。
移转的抑制可根据本发明通过诸多参数测量,且例如可通过继发性肿瘤的延迟出现、继发性肿瘤的减缓发展、继发性肿瘤的降低发生率、疾病的继发效应的减缓或降低严重程度、停滞肿瘤生长、移转性复发的较低速率及肿瘤的消退以及其它评估。极端地,完全抑制在本文中被称作预防。此外,移转抑制可通过存在于动物中的移转性病灶的减少来识别。在另一实施例中,移转的抑制可表现为经治疗个体的无移转生存期。在一些实施例中,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂是以有效有效降低移转性复发速率的量投与。
在一些实施例中,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂是以有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤的移转,而不抑制实体肿瘤自身(即,在原发性/继发性部位处)的生长/发展的量投与。因此,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可抑制肿瘤移转过程,而不影响原发性/继发性肿瘤的生长或发展。
个体可为哺乳动物,诸如人类病患。非人类动物包含伴侣动物,诸如猫、犬及马。设想用于根据本发明方法治疗的其它类型的非人类动物包含具有商业重要性的动物,包含羊、猪、牛及其它动物。
原发性癌症可为因上皮细胞引起的癌症。原发性癌症类型可能是肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睪丸癌、胰脏癌、黑素瘤、肉瘤、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肝癌、子宫癌、肾癌(kidney/renal cancer)、胃食道癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、口腔癌或喉癌。
可抑制及/或消除的移转的类型包含移转到肺及/或骨骼(诸如至脊柱)。设想本发明方法及制剂也将发现在降低及/或预防肿瘤/癌细胞移转至其它器官,诸如借助于实例而非限制,移转到卵巢、肝脏、脑、肾脏、脾脏、肠、肾上腺或任何其它组织及/或器官或组织及/或器官的组合方面的效用。
适用于所揭示的方法的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂包含但不限于伊非曲班、GR32191、SQ29548、磺曲苯(sulotroban)、达曲班(daltroban)、利诺曲班(linotroban)、雷马曲班(ramatroban)、塞曲司特(seratrodast)、特鲁曲班(terutroban)、Z-235、LCB-2853、SQ28668、ICI 192605、AH23848、ONO3708、CPI-211或蒎烷TXA2。适合的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂也描述于美国专利第5,100,889号中,其以引用的方式并入本文中。
举例来说,凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可具有式(I)
包含其全部立体异构体,其中
m为1、2或3;
n为0、1、2、3或4;
Y为O、单键或-CH=CH-;
R为CO2H、CO2C1-6烷基、CH2OH、-CONHSO2R3、-CONHR3a或-CH2-四唑-5-基;
R3为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
R3a为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
X为O、S或NH;
R1为氢、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、G1、-L1-G1、-(CH2)t-C(O)-NHR1a或-(CH2)t-NH-C(O)R1a;
G1为6元至10元芳基、C3-12环烷基、5元至12元杂芳基或4元至12元杂环基;
L1为C1-6亚烷基;
t为1至12;
R1a为C1-6烷基、C3-12环烷基、-L1-C3-12环烷基或6元至10元芳基;
R2为氢、C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
或R1及R2与其附着的氮一起形成4元至8元杂环;
其中各芳基独立地且任选地经1或2个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH、-OC1-6烷基、-OC1-6卤烷基、-SC1-6烷基、-S(O)C1-6烷基、-S(O)2C1-6烷基、-OC1-6亚烷基-苯基、-S-苯基、-S(O)-苯基及-S(O)2-苯基;
其中各环烷基独立地且任选地经1至4个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH及-OC1-6烷基。
凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂包含式(I-a)、(I-b)、(I-c)、(I-d)、(I-e)及(I-f)的化合物,其中Z1为-(CH2)2-或-CH=CH-。
在一些实施例中,Z1为-CH=CH-。在另外的实施例中,Z1为-CH=CH-,m为1且n为2。在其它实施例中,Z1为-CH=CH-且R为CO2H。
在一些实施例中,式(I)具有式(I-g),其中R、R1、R2、X、m及n如本文中所定义。
在一些实施例中,式(I)具有式(I-h),其中R、R1、R2、X、m及n如本文中所定义。
包含于式(I)及(I-a)至(I-h)中的为m为1,n为2,R为CO2H,R2为氢且R1为C1-8烷基的化合物。根据式(I)、(I-g)或(I-h)的任何化合物为X为O的化合物。
凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂可呈药学上可接受的盐的形式。举例来说,在式(I)及(I-a)至(I-h)中,R处的基团CO2H可呈碱金属盐,诸如钠盐(即,R=CO2Na)的形式。
化合物可以立体异构体的形式存在,其中存在非对称或手性中心。视围绕手性碳原子的取代基的配置而定,立体异构体为“R”或“S”。本文中所使用的术语“R”及“S”是如IUPAC 1974年关于章节E的建议,立体化学基础,纯粹及应用化学期刊,1976,45:13-30(IUPAC 1974Recommendations for Section E,Fundamental Stereochemistry,PureAppl.Chem.,1976,45:13-30)中所定义的配置。本发明涵盖各种立体异构体及其混合物且这些特定包含在本发明的范围内。立体异构体包含对映异构体及非对映异构体,及对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物。化合物的个别立体异构体可由含有非对称或手性中心的市售起始材料制备,或制备外消旋混合物、随后如所属领域的技术人员所熟知的拆分方法,以合成方式制备。这些拆分方法由以下例示:(1)将对映异构体的混合物附接到手性助剂,通过再结晶或色谱法分离非对映异构体的所得混合物,及任选地从助剂释放光学纯产物,如氟尼斯(Furniss)、汉纳福德(Hannaford)、史密斯(Smith)及塔契尔(Tatchell),“沃格尔实用有机化学教材(Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry)”,第5版(1989),朗文科技(Longman Scientific&Technical),英国艾赛克斯CM20 2JE中所述,或(2)于手性色谱管柱上直接分离光学对映异构体的混合物;或(3)部分再结晶法。
本发明还包含经同位素标记的化合物,所述化合物与式(I)中所列举的化合物相同,但其中一或多个原子被具有不同于通常在自然界中所发现的原子质量或质量数的原子质量或质量数的原子置换。适用于包含在本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包含氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟及氯,分别例如但不限于2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F、36Cl。经诸如氘(即2H)的较重同位素取代可提供因更高代谢稳定性所产生的某些治疗优势,例如增加的活体内半衰期或降低的剂量需求,且因此在一些情况下是优选的。化合物可并入用于医学成像及用于确定受体分布的正电子发射断层摄影术(PET)研究的正电子发射同位素。可并入式(I)化合物中的适合的正电子发射同位素为11C、13N、15O及18F。经同位素标记的式(I)化合物一般可通过所属领域的技术人员已知的常规技术,或通过与随附实例中所描述者类似的方法,使用适当的标记同位素的试剂替代未经标记的试剂来制备。
如本文中所使用的术语“烷基”表示直链或支链饱和烃链。术语“低碳数烷基”或“C1-6烷基”表示含有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烃。术语“C1-4烷基”表示含有1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烃。烷基的代表性实例包含(但不限于)甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基及正癸基。
如本文中所使用的术语“烯基”表示含有至少一个碳碳双键的直链或支链烃链。
如本文中所使用的术语“亚烷基”是指衍生自例如具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烃的二价基团。亚烷基的代表性实例包含但不限于-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-及-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-。
如本文中所使用的术语“芳基”是指苯基或附接到母分子部分且稠合到环烷基(例如,二氢茚基)、苯基(即,萘基)或非芳族杂环(例如,苯并[d][1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)的苯基。
如本文中所使用的术语“环烷基”是指含有作为环成员的所有碳原子且不含双键的饱和环系统。环烷基可为单环环烷基(例如,环丙基)、稠合双环环烷基(例如,十氢萘基)或环的两个非邻接原子由1、2、3或4个碳原子的亚烷基桥键联的桥接环烷基(例如,双环[2.2.1]庚烷基)。环烷基的代表性实例包含但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、金刚烷基及双环[1.1.1]戊基。
如本文中所使用的术语“卤素”或“卤基”表示Cl、Br、I或F。
如本文中所使用的术语“卤烷基”表示一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个或八个氢原子经卤素置换的如本文中所定义的烷基。
如本文中所使用的术语“杂芳基”是指含有芳族单环杂原子的环(单环杂芳基)或含有至少一个单环杂芳基的双环系统(双环杂芳基)。单环杂芳基为含有至少一个独立地选自由N、O及S组成的群组的杂原子(例如独立地选自O、S及N的1、2、3或4个杂原子)的五元或六元环。五元芳族单环具有两个双键且六元六元芳族单环具有三个双键。双环杂芳基为具有稠合至单环芳族或碳环、单环杂芳基或单环杂环的单环杂芳基环的8至12元环系统。双环杂芳基经附着至芳环原子处的母分子部分。杂芳基的代表性实例包含但不限于吲哚基(例如,吲哚-1-基、吲哚-2-基、吲哚-4-基)、吡啶基(包含吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基)、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、吡唑基(例如,吡唑-4-基)、吡咯基、苯并吡唑基、1,2,3-三唑基(例如,三唑-4-基)、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,3,4-恶二唑基、1,2,4-恶二唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、(例如,噻唑-4-基)、异噻唑基、噻吩基、苯并咪唑基(例如,苯并咪唑-5-基)、苯并噻唑基、苯并恶唑基、苯并恶二唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、呋喃基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、嘌呤基、异吲哚基、喹喏啉基、吲唑基(例如,吲唑-4-基、吲唑-5-基)、喹唑啉基、1,2,4-三嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、6,7-二氢-1,3-苯并噻唑基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基(例如,咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-基)、萘啶基、吡啶并咪唑基、噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-2-基、噻唑并[5,4-d]嘧啶-2-基。
如本文中所使用的术语“杂环”或“杂环的”表示单环杂环、双环杂环或三环杂环。单环杂环为含有至少一个独立地选自由O、N及S组成的群组的杂原子的三、四、五、六、七或八元环。三或四元环不含或含有一个双键及一个选自由O、N及S组成的群组的杂原子。五元环不含或含有一个双键及一个、两个或三个选自由O、N及S组成的群组的杂原子。六元环含有零个、一个或两个双键及一个、两个或三个选自由O、N及S组成的群组的杂原子。七元及八元环含有零个、一个、两个或三个双键及一个、两个或三个选自由O、N及S组成的群组的杂原子。单环杂环的代表性实例包含但不限于氮杂环丁烷基、氮杂环庚烷基、氮杂环丙烷基、二氮杂环庚烷基、1,3-二氧杂环己烷基、1,3-二氧戊环基、1,3-二硫基、1,3-二噻烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、异噻唑啉基、异噻唑烷基、异恶唑啉基、异恶唑烷基、吗啉基、2-氧代-3-哌啶基、2-氧代氮杂环庚烷-3-基、恶二唑啉基、恶二唑烷基、恶唑啉基、恶唑烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、氧杂环庚烷基、氧杂环辛烷基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、哌喃基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢哌喃基、四氢噻吩基、噻二唑啉基、噻二唑烷基、1,2-噻嗪烷基、1,3-噻嗪烷基、噻唑啉基、噻唑烷基、硫代吗啉基、1,1-二氧离子硫代吗啉基(硫代吗啉砜)、硫代哌喃基及三噻烷基。双环杂环为稠合至苯基的单环杂环、稠合至单环环烷基的单环杂环,或稠合至单环环烯基的单环杂环,或稠合至单环杂环的单环杂环、稠合至单环杂芳基的单环杂环,或螺杂环基团,或环的两个非邻接原子由1、2、3或4个碳原子的亚烷基桥,或两个、三个或四个碳原子的伸烯基桥键联的桥接单环杂环环系统。双环杂环经附着至非芳环原子处的母分子部分(例如,2-氧螺[3.3]庚-6-基、吲哚啉-1-基、六氢环戊[b]吡咯-1(2H)-基)。双环杂环的代表性实例包含但不限于苯并哌喃基、苯并硫哌喃基、苯并二氢吡喃基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基、2,3-二氢苯并噻吩基、2,3-二氢异喹啉基、2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-2-基、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚基(包含2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)、氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基(包含3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己-3-基)、2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚基、异吲哚啉基、八氢环戊并[c]吡咯基、八氢吡咯并吡烷基及四氢异喹啉基。三环杂环例如稠合至苯基的双环杂环,或稠合至单环环烷基的双环杂环,或稠合至单环环烯基的双环杂环,或稠合至单环杂环的双环杂环,或双环的两个非邻接原子由1、2、3或4个碳原子的亚烷基桥,或两个、三个或四个碳原子的伸烯基桥键联的双环杂环。三环杂环的实例包含但不限于八氢-2,5-环氧并环戊二烯、六氢-2H-2,5-甲桥环戊并[b]呋喃、六氢-1H-1,4-甲桥环戊并[c]呋喃、氮杂-金刚烷(1-氮杂三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸烷)及氧杂-金刚烷(2-氧杂三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸烷)。单环、双环及三环杂环连接至非芳环原子处的母分子部分。
诸如“烷基”、“环烷基”、“亚烷基”等术语可放在指示存在于特定实例中的基团中的原子数目的指定之前(例如,“C1-4烷基”、“C3-6环烷基”、“C1-4亚烷基”)。如由所属领域的技术人员通常所理解地使用这些名称。举例来说,“C”后接下标数字的表示指示存在于随后基团中的碳原子数。因此,“C3烷基”为具有三个碳原子的烷基(即,正丙基、异丙基)。在指定范围的情况下,如在“C1-4”中,随后的基团的成员可具有落入所列举范围内的任何数目的碳原子。举例来说,“C1-4烷基”为无论如何布置的具有1至4个碳原子的烷基(即,直链或支链)。
在一些实施例中,抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法包含与一或多种化学治疗剂组合投与有效抑制移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。化学治疗剂是指适用于治疗癌症的化合物。化合物通常可为快速影响分裂细胞的细胞毒性剂,或其可为影响癌细胞的失调蛋白质的靶向治疗剂。化学治疗剂可为烷基化剂、抗代谢物、抗肿瘤抗生素、抗细胞骨架剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗激素剂、靶向治疗剂、免疫疗法或其组合。烷基化剂的非限制性实例包含六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、苯唑多巴(benzodopa)、白消安(busulfan)、卡铂(carboplatin)、卡波醌(carboquone)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlomaphazine)、氯磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、顺铂(cisplatin)、环磷酰胺(cyclosphosphamide)、达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)(DTIC)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、盐酸甲氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、美妥替哌(meturedopa)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、哌泊舒凡(piposulfan)、泼尼氮芥(prednimustine)、雷莫司汀(ranimustine);替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、噻替派(thiotepa)、三亚乙基三聚氰胺、三亚乙基磷酰胺、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺、三甲基三聚氰胺、曲磷胺、尿嘧啶氮芥及乌瑞替哌(uredopa)。适合的抗代谢物包含但不限于胺基喋呤(aminopterin)、安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮杂尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡培他滨(capecitabine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)或胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷(Ara-C)、双去氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、迪诺特宁(denopterin)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、氟达拉宾(fludarabine)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、吉西他滨(gemcetabine)、甲酰四氢叶酸(醛叶酸)、6-巯基嘌呤、甲胺喋呤、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、蝶罗呤(pterop-terin)、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、曲美沙特(trimetrexate)及硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine)。适合的抗肿瘤抗生素的非限制性实例包含阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysin)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、阿霉素(adriamycin)、安曲霉素(authramycin)、偶氮丝胺酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycins)、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡奇霉素(calicheamicin)、卡拉比辛(carabicin)、洋红霉素(caminomycin)、嗜癌素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycins)、更生霉素(dactinomycin)、道诺霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正白胺酸、小红莓(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycins)、霉酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、诺拉霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycins)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泼非霉素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑霉素(streptonigrin)、链脲菌素(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)及左柔比星(zorubicin)。适合的抗细胞骨架剂的非限制性实例包含秋水仙碱(colchicine)、多西他赛(docetaxel)、大分子霉素(macromycin)、太平洋紫杉醇(taxol)、长春碱(vinblastine)、长春新碱(vincristine)、长春地辛(vindesine)及长春瑞宾(vinorelbine)。适合的拓扑异构酶抑制剂包含但不限于安吖啶(amsacrine)、依托泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、RFS 2000、替尼泊甙(teniposide)及拓扑替康(topotecan)。适合的抗激素剂的非限制性实例诸如胺鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、芳香酶抑制4(5)咪唑、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、非那雄安(finasteride)、氟他胺(flutamide)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、4-羟基他莫昔芬(4-hydroxytamoxifen)、雷洛昔芬(keoxifene)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、LYl 17018、米托坦(mitotane)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、奥那司酮(onapristone)、雷诺昔酚(raloxifene)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、托瑞米芬(toremifene)及曲洛司坦(trilostane)。靶向治疗剂的非限制性实例包含单株抗体,诸如阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、卡培他滨、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、吉妥珠单抗(gemtuzumab)、海瑞古林(heregulin)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab);酪胺酸激酶抑制剂,诸如甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate);及生长抑制多肽,诸如红血球生成素、介白素(例如,IL-1、IL-2IL-3、IL-6)、白血病抑制因子、干扰素、血小板生成素、TNF-α、CD30配位体、4-1BB配位体及Apo-1配位体。也包含以上所列出的药剂中的任一者的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。化学治疗剂的投与模式可以且将视药剂及肿瘤或赘瘤的类型变化。所属领域的技术人员将能够确定化学治疗剂的适当剂量。
所揭示的化合物可以药学上可接受的盐形式存在。术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指水或油溶性或分散性、适用于治疗病症且无异常毒性、刺激及过敏反应、与合理的效益/风险比相称且对其预期用途有效的化合物的盐或两性离子。可于化合物的最终分离及纯化期间或通过使化合物的胺基与适合的酸分开反应来制备盐。举例来说,可将化合物溶解于适合的溶剂(诸如但不限于甲醇及水)中且用酸的至少一种等效物(如盐酸)处理。所得盐可沉淀出来且通过过滤分离且在减压下干燥。替代地,可在减压下移除溶剂及过量酸以得到盐。代表性盐包含乙酸盐、己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、柠檬酸盐、天冬胺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、甲酸盐、羟乙磺酸盐、反丁烯二酸盐、乳酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烟碱酸盐、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、草酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、特戊酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、酒石酸盐、三氯乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、谷氨酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐及其类似物。化合物的胺基也可经烷基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物(诸如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、月桂基、十四烷基、十八烷基及其类似物)四级铵化。
可于所揭示化合物的最终分离及纯化期间通过羧基与适合的基质(诸如金属阳离子(诸如锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、或铝)的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐或有机一级、二级或三级胺)的反应制备碱性加成盐。可制备四级胺盐,诸如那些衍生自:甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺、三丁胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基哌啶、N-甲基吗啉、二环己胺、普鲁卡因(procaine)、二苯甲基胺、N,N-二苯甲基苯乙基胺、1-二苯羟甲胺及N,N'-二苯甲基乙二胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌啶、哌嗪及其类似物。
剂量及投与
可将本发明中所用的组合物调配为用于经口、以喷雾剂形式、非经肠、皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、动脉内、鞘内、腹膜内、经鼻、经直肠、局部或经阴道投与的医药组合物或调配物。如本文中所使用的术语“非经肠”包含皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内及颅内注射或输注技术。优选地,组合物经口、腹膜内或静脉内投与。
医药组合物及调配物可包含药学上可接受的载剂。如本文中所使用的术语“药学上可接受的载剂”表示无毒、惰性的任何类型固体、半固体或液体填充剂、稀释剂、囊封材料或调配助剂。可充当药学上可接受的载剂的材料的一些实例为糖,诸如(但不限于)乳糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖;淀粉,诸如(但不限于)玉米淀粉及马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,诸如(但不限于)羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素及乙酸纤维素;粉末状黄蓍;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,诸如(但不限于)可可脂及栓剂蜡;油,诸如(但不限于)花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油及大豆油;二醇,诸如丙二醇;酯,诸如(但不限于)油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,诸如(但不限于)氢氧化镁及氢氧化铝;海藻酸;无热原质水;等张生理食盐水;林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);乙醇及磷酸盐缓冲溶液;以及其它无毒相容润滑剂,诸如(但不限于)月桂基硫酸钠及硬脂酸镁;以及根据调配者的判断,组合物中也可存在着色剂、释放剂、涂布剂、甜味剂、调味剂及芳香剂、防腐剂及抗氧化剂。
因此,可将化合物及其生理学上可接受的盐调配用于通过例如局部油基调配物中的固体给药、滴眼剂、注射、吸入(经由口或鼻)、植入物的投与或经口、经颊、非经肠或直肠投药。技术及调配物一般可发现于“雷明登氏药学全书(Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences)”,(米德出版公司,宾夕法尼亚州伊斯顿(Meade Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.))中。治疗性组合物通常必须在制造及储存条件下无菌且稳定。
所揭示的化合物的投与途径及组合物的形式将指示待使用的载剂的类型。组合物可呈例如适用于全身性投与(例如,经口、经直肠、经鼻、舌下、经颊、植入物或非经肠)或局部投投与(例如,经肺、经鼻、经耳、经眼、脂质体递送系统或离子导入疗法)的各种形式。
用于全身性投与的载剂通常包含以下中的至少一者:稀释剂、润滑剂、结合剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂、甜味剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、滑动剂、溶剂、悬浮剂、湿润剂、表面活性剂、其组合及其它载剂。
适用于经口投与的调配物可由(a)液体溶液;(b)作为固体或颗粒剂的各自含有预定量的活性成份胶囊、药囊、片剂、口含剂及糖衣锭;(c)散剂;(d)于适当液体中的悬浮液;及(e)适合的乳液组成。液体调配物可包含稀释剂,诸如水及醇,例如乙醇、苄醇及含或不含添加药学上可接受的表面活性剂的聚乙烯醇。胶囊形式可为含有例如表面活性剂、润滑剂及惰性填充剂(诸如乳糖、蔗糖、磷酸钙及玉米淀粉)的普通硬壳或软壳明胶类型。片剂形式可包含以下中的一或多者:乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、褐藻酸、微晶纤维素、阿拉伯胶、明胶、瓜尔豆胶、胶态二氧化硅、交联羧甲纤维素钠、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸、及其它赋形剂、着色剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、崩解剂、湿润剂、防腐剂、调味剂及其它药理学上相容的赋形剂。口含锭形式可包括于香料,通常蔗糖及阿拉伯胶或黄蓍中的治疗剂,以及包括于惰性基质(诸如明胶及丙三醇,或蔗糖及阿拉伯胶、乳液、凝胶及类似者,除了,也含有所属领域中已知的此类赋形剂)中的治疗剂的片剂。
可将单独或与其它合适的组分组合的治疗剂制成经由吸入剂投与的喷雾剂调配物。可将这些喷雾剂调配物放置于诸如二氯二氟甲烷、丙烷、氮气及其类似物的可接受的加压推进剂中。也可将其调配为非按压制剂,诸如在喷雾器或雾化器中。此类喷雾调配物也可用于喷涂粘膜。
适用于非经肠投与的调配物包含可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂及显现调配物与预期接受者的血液等张的溶质的水性及非水性等张无菌注射溶液及可包含悬浮剂、增溶剂、增稠剂、稳定剂及防腐剂的水性及非水性无菌悬浮液。治疗剂可以于医药学载剂中的生理学上可接受的稀释剂形式投与,诸如无菌液体或液体的混合物,包含含有或不含添加药学上可接受的表面活性剂,诸如肥皂或清洁剂;悬浮剂,诸如果胶、卡波姆、甲基纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素或羧基甲基纤维素;或乳化剂及其它医药佐剂的水;生理食盐水;水性右旋糖及相关糖溶液;醇,诸如乙醇或十六烷基醇;二醇,诸如丙二醇或聚乙二醇;二甲亚砜;丙三醇;缩酮,诸如2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4-甲醇;醚;聚(乙二醇)400;油;脂肪酸;脂肪酸酯或甘油酯或乙酰化脂肪酸甘油酯。
可用于非经肠调配物中的油包含任何温和不挥发性油,例如,石油、动物油、植物油、合成油或合成单或二甘油酯。脂肪酸(诸如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物)适用于制备可注射剂,天然药学上可接受的油(诸如橄榄油或蓖麻油,尤其是其聚氧乙烯化形式)也适用。油的特定实例包含花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、棉籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、石蜡脂及矿物油。用于非经肠调配物中的适合的脂肪酸包含油酸、硬脂酸及异硬脂酸。油酸乙酯及十四烷酸异丙酯为适合的脂肪酸酯的实例。这些油溶液或悬浮液也可含有长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,诸如羧甲基纤维素或常用于调配药学上可接受的剂型(包含乳液及悬浮液)的类似分散剂。
用于非经肠调配物中的适合的肥皂包含脂肪碱金属、铵及三乙醇胺盐,且适合的清洁剂包含(a)阳离子清洁剂,诸如(例如)二甲基二烷基铵卤化物及烷基吡啶鎓卤化物;(b)阴离子清洁剂,诸如(例如)烷基、芳基及烯烃磺酸盐、烷基、烯烃、醚及单甘油酯硫酸盐及磺基丁二酸盐;(c)非离子清洁剂,诸如(例如)氧化脂肪胺、脂肪酸烷醇酰胺及聚氧化乙烯聚丙烯共聚物;(d)两性清洁剂,诸如(例如)烷基-β-氨基丙酸盐及2-烷基-咪唑啉季铵盐;及(e)其混合物。
非经肠调配物将通常含有约0.5重量%至约25重量%的呈溶液状态的治疗剂。可使用防腐剂及缓冲剂。为了使注射部位处的刺激降至最低或消除,此类组合物可含有亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)为约12至约17的一或多种非离子表面活性剂。此类调配物中的表面活性剂的量将通常在约5重量%至约15重量%的范围内。适合的表面活性剂包含聚乙二醇脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,诸如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯及通过将环氧丙烷与丙二醇缩合而形成的环氧乙烷与疏水性基质的高分子量加合物。非经肠调配物可存在于单位剂量或多剂量密封容器(例如安瓿及小瓶)中,且可在经冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下储存,仅需要在即将使用之前添加用于注射的无菌液体赋形剂,例如水。可从无菌散剂、颗粒剂及片剂制备即用型注射溶液及悬浮液。
另外,可通过与多种基质(诸如乳化基质或水溶性基质)混合,将治疗剂或包括治疗剂的组合物制成栓剂。适用于经阴道投与的调配物可以呈子宫托、棉条、乳霜、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾调配物形式呈现,其除了活性成分以外,也含有所属领域中已知为适当的此类载剂。
对于局部施用来说,可将所提供的药学上可接受的组合物调配为含有悬浮或溶解于一或多种载剂中的活性组分的适合的软膏形式。用于本发明的化合物的局部投与的载剂包含(但不限于)矿物油、液体石蜡脂、白石蜡脂、丙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷化合物、乳化蜡及水。替代地,可将所提供的药学上可接受的组合物调配为含有悬浮或溶解于一或多种药学上可接受的载剂中的活性组分的适合的洗剂或乳膏形式。适合的载剂包含(但不限于)矿物油、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯60、十六酯蜡、鲸蜡硬脂醇、2-辛基十二醇、苄醇及水。
出于全部本发明方法的目的,治疗剂的投与量或剂量应足以在合理时间范围内在个体或动物中达成治疗反应。举例来说,治疗剂的剂量应足以在从投药时间的约2小时或长于2小时(例如,12至24或多于24小时)的时段内预防或抑制移转。在某些实施例中,所述时段可甚至更长。将通过特定治疗剂或药剂的效能及动物(例如,人类)的病况以及待治疗的动物(例如,人类)的体重确定剂量。用于确定投与剂量的诸多分析法为所属领域中已知。出于本发明的目的,可采用的分析法包含在投与指定剂量的治疗剂之后,由癌细胞的移转抑制程度与接受不同剂量的治疗剂的一组哺乳动物中的哺乳动物进行比较,以确定投与哺乳动物的起始剂量。可通过所属领域中已知的方法分析投与特定剂量之后的癌细胞的移转抑制或肿瘤生长抑制的程度。
也将通过可能伴随特定治疗剂的投与的任何不良副作用的存在、性质及程度决定治疗剂剂量。通常,主治医师将考虑多种因素,诸如年龄、体重、一般健康情况、膳食、性别、待投与的治疗剂、投与途径及所治疗的病况的严重程度来决定用于治疗各个别病患的治疗剂剂量。借助于实例且不旨在限制本发明,治疗剂剂量可为约0.001至约1000mg/kg被治疗的个体的体重/天、约0.01至约10mg/kg体重/天、约0.01mg至约1mg/kg体重/天、约1至约100mg/kg体重/天、约10至约90mg/kg体重/天、约20至约80mg/kg体重/天、约30至约70mg/kg体重/天、约40至约60mg每公斤体重/天、约50mg/kg体重/天、约100至约400mg/kg体重/天、约200至约300mg/kg体重/天或约250mg/kg体重/天。
实例
凝血脂素A2受体功能获得性及移转之间的关联性
来自Phenome Wide Association Study(PheWAS)的资料显示基因TBXA2R中的单核苷酸多形现象(SNP)引起凝血脂素A2受体中的功能获得性变异体(T399A)与肿瘤移转增加强烈相关N=32;P=0.003)(表1)。图7显示在具有功能获得性变异体T399A的病患中产生移转性散布的原发性肿瘤部位。在一些实施例中,本发明提供一种抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法,所述方法包括向具有T399A变异体的个体投与有效抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
表1
伊非曲班降低移转的4T1小鼠模型组织宏观移转及微观移转两者
使用以下方案将1×105个4T1-RFP-荧光素酶细胞植入到6周龄的原生WT Balb/C雌性小鼠的左侧腹股沟乳房脂肪垫中。通过胰蛋白酶消化收集乳房肿瘤细胞(4T1-RFP-荧光素酶细胞)、计数且再悬浮于总体积为100微升的50微升的无血清介质+50微升的减少基质胶(Matrigel)的成长因子中。用26-g针将细胞装载到注射器中。将细胞注射到直接位于皮肤下方(且附着到皮肤)的腹股沟乳腺中。整个注入程序耗时约10秒/小鼠。当平均肿瘤体积达到200mm3时,通过用伊非曲班(50mg/kg每日)或媒剂对照组口胃管灌食治疗小鼠,在伊非曲班治疗组使用8只小鼠、在对照组中使用4只小鼠及用于媒剂的于水中的4%蔗糖。在约3周后收集肿瘤、肺及血浆。通过全形包埋苏木精染色评估肺以枚举表面移转(宏观移转)(图1)。将肺切片且用苏木精及伊红染色以确定苏木精染色的节结为移转性病变,且枚举微观移转(图2)。
伊非曲班降低4T1小鼠移转模型中的宏观移转(第二实验)
如上所述,将1×105个4T1-RFP-荧光素酶细胞植入到6周龄的原生WT Balb/C雌性小鼠的左侧腹股沟乳房脂肪垫中。如上所述,当平均肿瘤体积达到50mm3时,通过用伊非曲班(50mg/kg每日)或媒剂对照组口胃管灌食治疗小鼠。另外,用阿司匹林(12mg/kg每日)治疗第三组。在约4周后收集肺。通过全形包埋苏木精染色评估肺以枚举表面移转(宏观移转)(图3)。
伊非曲班减少MDA-MB-231小鼠中的移转。将小鼠随机分为接收通过用伊非曲班(50mg/kg每日)或媒剂口胃管灌食治疗的组,在伊非曲班及对照组两者中皆使用10只小鼠及用于媒剂的于水中的4%蔗糖。在通过尾部静脉注射血性递送MDA-MB-231细胞(1×105个细胞)之前,将小鼠治疗48h,且于其后将伊非曲班治疗持续3周,此时从各小鼠收集肺,且对肉眼可见的肺移转性病变计数(图4)。
伊非曲班治疗不影响培养物中的原发性肿瘤体积、小鼠体重或4T1细胞的存活率
使用用伊非曲班治疗96小时的4T1细胞进行的细胞培养实验(一式三份,重复三次)未显现4T1细胞数目(自动细胞计数)或凋亡性4T1细胞(磷脂结合蛋白V染色)数目的伊非曲班介导的变化(图5A)。针对细胞培养实验,媒剂为PBS。
将1×105个4T1-RFP-荧光素酶细胞植入到6周龄的原生WT Balb/C雌性小鼠的左侧腹股沟乳房脂肪垫中。当平均肿瘤体积达到200mm3时,通过用伊非曲班(50mg/kg每日;N=8)或媒剂对照组(N=4)口胃管灌食治疗小鼠。3周的伊非曲班治疗(50mg/kg每日)并不影响原发性肿瘤体积(图5B)。小鼠总体重不受3周的伊非曲班治疗(50mg/kg每日)影响(图5C)。
伊非曲班降低乳房、胰脏及肺癌细胞的血性移转。将MDA-MB-231(乳房)、MiaPaca2(胰脏)及A549(肺)癌细胞通过尾部静脉注射递送到通过用伊非曲班(50mg/kg;N=10/组)或媒剂(N=10)口胃管灌食预治疗24小时的nu/nu小鼠。使小鼠继续每日治疗,持续额外21天。在第21天,收集肺且评估移转。N=9,P值,史都登氏(Student's)t检验法。结果显示于图8中。
治疗具有高风险的移转性复发恶性实体肿瘤的病患的伊非曲班(预示性实例).
概述
预备试验研究伊非曲班在治疗具有恶性实体肿瘤的病患方面的副作用,所述恶性实体肿瘤在治疗之后具有复发且散布于全身的高风险。血小板为有助于凝血的类型的血细胞。癌细胞粘附于血小板且乘于其上以达到身体的不同部分。诸如伊非曲班的药物可帮助这些血小板变较不“粘”且降低癌细胞散布至体内其它位置的机会。
详细研究描述
主要目标:在完成所有计划(新)辅助局部及全身性疗法之后,评估在具有高风险的移转性复发的恶性实体肿瘤的病患中伊非曲班钠(伊非曲班)投与的安全性及可行性。
次要目标:在具有恶性实体肿瘤的病患中完成伊非曲班之后,评估移转性复发率。
探索性目标:定量伊非曲班效果的药力学标记。
概述:将60名病患随机分至2组中的1组。第1组(伊非曲班):病患每日一次(QD)经口(PO)接收250mg伊非曲班钠胶囊。在无疾病进展或不可接受的毒性存在下,每28天重复疗程,持续12个月。第2组(安慰剂):病患PO QD接收250mg安慰剂胶囊。在无疾病进展或不可接受的毒性存在下,每28天重复疗程,持续12个月。在完成研究治疗之后,在第30天,接着高达12个月随访病患。
结果测量。主要结果测量为:(1)不良事件的发生率(在完成治疗之后的时间范围高达30天);(2)坚持治疗(将为参与者提供丸剂日记以在其采取其药疗时记录;研究人员将在其临床访视时自参与者收集丸剂日记)(时间范围高达12个月);及(3)FACT-G计分的概述变化(等级=0至4)(时间范围高达12个月)。次要结果测量为(1)移转性复发内的病患的百分比(在各同属性群内)(在12个月的时间范围);及(2)无事件存活率(在各同属性群内)(时间范围高达12个月)。
合格准则
·所有成人年龄为18岁或高于18岁。
包涵准则:
·署名且注明日期的书面知情同意书。
·东岸癌症临床研究合作组织(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)机能状态为0、1或2。
·以下现行诊断中的一者:
οIIa期至III期三阴性乳癌(TNBC)。
οI期至II期胰脏癌。
ο肺癌阶段:IIa期至III期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)或局限期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)。
οIIa期至III期食道或胃食道(GE)结肠癌(鳞状细胞癌[SCCA]或腺癌)。
οIIa期至III期胃癌。
·病患必须已完成用于其癌症的所有标准局部及全身性疗法。
·需要在参与之前至少30天完成参与之前的研究性试剂投与。
·病患必须已从局部(手术、辐射)或全身性治疗的效果恢复(≤1级毒性)。
·每mL血液血小板计数≥100,000。
·血红蛋白≥9/g/dL(可已经输注)。
·如使用Cockcroft-Gault(CG)方程所计算,血清肌酐≤1.5×正常上限(ULN)或所估计肌酐清除≥50mL/min。
·总血清胆红素≤1.5倍正常上限(ULN)。
·天冬胺酸转胺酶(AST/血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转胺酶[SGOT])及丙胺酸转胺酶(ALT/血清谷氨酸-丙酮酸转胺酶[SGPT])≤2.5×ULN。
·国际标准化比值(INR)低于正常上限(ULN)。
·具生育潜力的女性病患及非不育男性必须同意从首次试验治疗投与之前15天使用至少两种可接受的避孕方法,直到研究参与者的最后一剂研究药物之后至少5个月。将具生育潜力的雌性定义为不以手术方式不育绝经后的那些(即,病患尚未进行双侧输卵管结扎、双侧卵巢切除或全子宫切除术;或在无替代医学病因的情况下尚未停经12个月)。应用用于绝经后女性的实验室参考范围内的血清促滤泡素(FSH)水准确认55岁下的女性的绝经后状态。非不育男性为尚未进行输精管结扎且记录射精中不存在精子的那些。
·尽管无法用英文读/写的病患有资格参与整体研究,但将在整个实验中不参与病患报告结果调查表。
·准许由于预治疗筛检失败而已停止研究的个体(即并未接收研究药物的同意病患)再次参与。若再次参与,则个体必须再次同意。仅必须重复超出方案指定的时序范围所进行的筛检程序。
排除准则:
·完成标准治疗之后的残余及远处疾病的临床迹象。
·抗血小板药物(乙酰水杨酸[ASA]、非类固醇消炎药[NSAID]、克罗匹多、阿加曲班等)或抗凝血剂、(华法林、肝素产品等)的现行使用。
·除极高治愈率的原位疾病或癌症(即睪丸癌等)以外的现行诊断之前5年内的活性恶性肿瘤。
·在调查员观点中可能损害治疗安全性的不可控并发病性严重的全身性疾病。
·无合并抗癌疗法。需要从先前的疗法清除:
ο化学疗法:21天。
ο大手术:14天(假设创伤愈合充分)。
ο辐射:7天。
ο研究性/生物疗法:30天。
·现行症状性充血性心脏衰竭(New York Heart Association>II级)、需要疗法(例如药疗或起搏器)的不稳定心律不整、不稳定心绞痛(例如新、恶化或持久的胸不适)或不受控高血压(收缩性>160mmHg或舒张性>100mmHg)。或以下中的任一者在研究药物的第一剂量前6个月(180天)内发生:心肌梗塞、冠状/周边动脉绕道移植术、脑血管意外或暂时性脑缺血。(允许使用控制血压的抗高血压药疗。)
·需要治疗的持续性消化性溃疡病。肠胃出血病史。需要治疗的重度胃-食道逆流病。
·出血素质的病史。
·在服用伊非曲班时计划选择性大手术介入。
·怀孕或哺乳女性。
·犯人或受监禁的个体。
·已知由病患的研究医师合理地判断为不可接受地增加研究参与的风险;或禁止理解或呈现知情同意书或预期遵守计划访视、治疗计划表、实验室测试及其它研究需要的精神状况、社会状况或其它医学病况。
尽管在本文中已描述且说明了本发明的若干实施例,但所属领域的技术人员将容易设想多种其它手段及/或结构来执行功能及/或获得结果及/或一或多种本文所述的优势,且这些变化及/或修改中的每一者可视为在本发明的范围内。更一般来说,所属领域的技术人员将容易地理解本文所述的所有参数、尺寸、材料及配置均旨在为示范性的且实际参数、尺寸、材料及/或配置将视使用本发明的教示内容的一或多个特定应用而定。所属领域的技术人员将认识到,或能够至多使用常规实验来确定本文所述的本发明的特定实施例的诸多等效物。因此应了解,前述实施例仅借助于实例呈现且在随附权利要求书及其等效物的范围内,本发明可以不同于特定描述及主张的其它方式来实施。本发明是关于本文所述的各个别特征、系统、制品、材料、试剂盒及/或方法。此外,若此类特征、系统、制品、材料、试剂盒及/或方法相互间无不一致,则两种或更多种此类特征、系统、制品、材料、试剂盒及/或方法的任何组合包含于本发明的范围内。
出于完整性的原因,本发明的各种方面陈述于以下编号的条项中:
条项1.一种抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法,其包括向有需要的个体投与有效抑制所述个体中的实体肿瘤移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
条项2.根据条项1所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛的形成。
条项3.根据条项1或2所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛的移动。
条项4.根据条项1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛与血小板聚集。
条项5.根据条项1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效抑制整合素介导及/或选择素介导的细胞存活信号传导。
条项6.根据条项1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效降低移转性复发率。
条项7.根据条项1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为伊非曲班、GR32191、SQ29548、磺曲苯、达曲班、利诺曲班、雷马曲班、塞曲司特、特鲁曲班、Z-235、LCB-2853、SQ28668、ICI 192605、AH23848、ONO3708、CPI-211或蒎烷TXA2。
条项8.根据条项7所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为伊非曲班。
条项9.根据条项1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为式(I)化合物,
包含其全部立体异构体,其中
m为1、2或3;
n为0、1、2、3或4;
Y为O、单键或-CH=CH-;
R为CO2H、-CO2C1-6烷基、CH2OH、-CONHSO2R3、-CONHR3a或-CH2-四唑-5-基;
R3为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
R3a为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
X为O、S或NH;
R1为氢、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、G1、-L1-G1、-(CH2)t-C(O)-NHR1a或-(CH2)t-NH-C(O)R1a;
G1为6元至10元芳基、C3-12环烷基、5元至12元杂芳基或4元至12元杂环基;
L1为C1-6亚烷基;
t为1至12;
R1a为C1-6烷基、C3-12环烷基、-L1-C3-12环烷基或6元至10元芳基;
R2为氢、C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
或R1及R2与其附着的氮一起形成4元至8元杂环;
其中各芳基独立地且任选地经1或2个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH、-OC1-6烷基、-OC1-6卤烷基、-SC1-6烷基、-S(O)C1-6烷基、-S(O)2C1-6烷基、-OC1-6亚烷基-苯基、-S-苯基、-S(O)-苯基及-S(O)2-苯基;
其中各环烷基独立地且任选地经1至4个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH及-OC1-6烷基。
条项10.根据条项9所述的方法,其中所述式(I)化合物具有式(I-h)
条项11.根据条项9或10所述的方法,其中R为CO2H或其碱金属盐。
条项12.根据条项9至11中任一项所述的方法,其中m为1,n为2,R2为氢,且R1为C1-8烷基。
条项13.根据条项9至12中任一项所述的方法,其中X为O。
条项14.根据条项1至13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述个体具有选自由以下组成的群组的癌症的原发性肿瘤:肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睪丸癌、胰脏癌、黑素瘤、肉瘤、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肝癌、子宫癌、肾癌、胃食道癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、口腔癌及喉癌。
条项15.根据条项1至14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述量的所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物可有效抑制所述个体中的所述实体肿瘤的移转,而不抑制所述实体肿瘤的生长或发展。
条项16.根据条项1至15中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括投与至少一种选自以下的化学治疗剂:烷基化剂、抗代谢物、抗肿瘤抗生素、抗细胞骨架剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗激素剂、靶向治疗剂、免疫疗法及其组合。
条项17.根据条项1至16中任一项所述的方法,其中在化学疗法治疗方案之后投与所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物。
条项18.如前述条项中任一者所述的方法,其中所述个体具有所述凝血脂素A2受体的T399A功能获得性突变。
条项19.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转。
条项20.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法中,其中所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
条项21.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的用途,其用于制备用以治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转的药剂。
Claims (21)
1.一种抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法,其包括向有需要的个体投与有效抑制所述个体中的实体肿瘤的移转的量的凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛移动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效抑制循环肿瘤细胞丛与血小板聚集。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效抑制整合素介导及/或选择素介导的细胞存活信号传导。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效降低移转性复发率。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为伊非曲班、GR32191、SQ29548、磺曲苯、达曲班、利诺曲班、雷马曲班、塞曲司特、特鲁曲班、Z-235、LCB-2853、SQ28668、ICI 192605、AH23848、ONO3708、CPI-211或蒎烷TXA2。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为伊非曲班。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素受体拮抗剂为式(I)化合物,
包含其全部立体异构体,其中
m为1、2或3;
n为0、1、2、3或4;
Y为O、单键或-CH=CH-;
R为CO2H、-CO2C1-6烷基、CH2OH、-CONHSO2R3、-CONHR3a或-CH2-四唑-5-基;
R3为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
R3a为C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
X为O、S或NH;
R1为氢、C1-8烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、G1、-L1-G1、-(CH2)t-C(O)-NHR1a或-(CH2)t-NH-C(O)R1a;
G1为6元至10元芳基、C3-12环烷基、5元至12元杂芳基或4元至12元杂环基;
L1为C1-6亚烷基;
t为1至12;
R1a为C1-6烷基、C3-12环烷基、-L1-C3-12环烷基或6元至10元芳基;
R2为氢、C1-6烷基、6元至10元芳基或-L1-(6元至10元芳基);
或R1及R2与其附接的氮一起形成4元至8元杂环;
其中各芳基独立地且任选地经1或2个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH、-OC1-6烷基、-OC1-6卤烷基、-SC1-6烷基、-S(O)C1-6烷基、-S(O)2C1-6烷基、-OC1-6亚烷基-苯基、-S-苯基、-S(O)-苯基及-S(O)2-苯基;
其中各环烷基独立地且任选地经1至4个独立地选自由以下组成的群组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤烷基、OH及-OC1-6烷基。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中R为CO2H或其碱金属盐。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中m为1,n为2,R2为氢,且R1为C1-8烷基。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中X为O。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述个体患有选自由以下组成的群组的癌症的原发性肿瘤:肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睪丸癌、胰脏癌、黑素瘤、肉瘤、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肝癌、子宫癌、肾癌、胃食道癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、口腔癌及喉癌。
15.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的所述量可有效抑制所述个体中的所述实体肿瘤的移转,而不抑制所述实体肿瘤的生长或发展。
16.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其进一步包括投与至少一种选自以下的化学治疗剂:烷基化剂、抗代谢物、抗肿瘤抗生素、抗细胞骨架剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗激素剂、靶向治疗剂、免疫疗法及其组合。
17.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中在化学疗法治疗方案之后投与所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物。
18.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述个体具有所述凝血脂素A2受体的T399A功能获得性突变。
19.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转。
20.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,其用于治疗或抑制实体肿瘤移转的方法中,其中所述方法包括向有需要的个体投与所述凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂。
21.一种凝血脂素A2受体拮抗剂或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的用途,其用于制备用以治疗或抑制个体中的实体肿瘤移转的药剂。
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KR102687556B1 (ko) | 2024-07-22 |
EP3716973A4 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
EP3716973A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
CN117122687A (zh) | 2023-11-28 |
KR20200093575A (ko) | 2020-08-05 |
WO2019108736A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
US11471444B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
US20240041839A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
AU2018375378A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
TW201924719A (zh) | 2019-07-01 |
US20200405694A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
JP7305197B2 (ja) | 2023-07-10 |
CA3082839A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
CN111432817B (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
JP2021504385A (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
US20230090578A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
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