CN111423298A - 一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法 - Google Patents
一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111423298A CN111423298A CN202010222118.4A CN202010222118A CN111423298A CN 111423298 A CN111423298 A CN 111423298A CN 202010222118 A CN202010222118 A CN 202010222118A CN 111423298 A CN111423298 A CN 111423298A
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- ethylbenzene
- divinylbenzene
- ethanol
- molecular sieve
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910003264 NiFe2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 silicon-aluminum-potassium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBGVMIDTGGTBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PBGVMIDTGGTBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel ferrite Chemical compound [Ni]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
- C07C2/862—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
- C07C2/864—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an alcohol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/40—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals
- C07C15/42—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals monocyclic
- C07C15/44—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals monocyclic the hydrocarbon substituent containing a carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C07C15/42—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals monocyclic
- C07C15/44—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals monocyclic the hydrocarbon substituent containing a carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C15/46—Styrene; Ring-alkylated styrenes
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/3335—Catalytic processes with metals
- C07C5/3337—Catalytic processes with metals of the platinum group
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- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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Abstract
本发明属于催化化学技术领域,涉及多功能复合催化剂的应用,尤其涉及一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法。复合催化剂由具有择形烷基化功能的K/ZSM‑5分子筛催化剂和具有脱氢功能的纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子复合而成。在惰性气体的氛围下,将乙苯和乙醇通入固定床反应器中,复合催化剂在两个床层中进行催化反应,K/ZSM‑5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,在两个床层之间设有惰性材料;设置反应温度、反应压力和空速,反应结束后,冷凝得到二乙烯苯。整个催化反应具有能耗低、活性高、乙苯转化率高、对位二乙烯苯含量高等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化化学技术领域,涉及多功能复合催化剂的应用,特别是一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法。
技术背景
近年来,随着高分子材料迅速发展,二乙烯苯作为功能型单体,其应用领域不断扩大。二乙烯苯分子中含有两个乙烯基,形成邻、间、对三种异构体。精制二乙烯苯,提高混合物中间、对位体的含有率,获得不同纯度等级的产品成为市场价格的主要控制因素。低纯度二乙烯苯可以直接用作功能性化学交联剂,广泛应用于胶粘剂、专业塑料、和弹性体中。二乙烯苯与苯乙烯交联聚合制造离子交换树脂,也用作聚酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂改性及各种特殊用途的高分子多孔微球与工程塑料。高端光学材料(如透镜、隐形眼镜、光学仪器等)制备过程要求原料中邻二乙烯苯含量低至1%,这样可以有效避免杂质生成,保证树脂的光学性能。
二乙烯苯的制备方法众多,工业上主要采用二乙苯脱氢法制备。原料二乙苯(邻位、间位和对位混合物)在催化剂的作用下,生成目标产物二乙烯苯,同时大量副产乙烯基甲苯和乙烯基乙苯,以及杂质萘等。二乙烯苯的纯度等级受到影响,严重制约其在高端光学材料中的应用。此外,这一传统脱氢工艺采用氧化铁为主催化剂,存在单程转化率低、产物选择性低等突出问题。在实际生产中,催化剂诱导期较长,在生产中后期容易发生催化效率降低、表面结焦等现象,反应中需要持续加入大量水蒸气进行催化剂的再生,造成高能耗。
专利CN1915941公开了在Fe–K–Ce–Mo催化体系中添加稀土元素化合物催化二乙苯脱氢反应,催化剂具有较高抗积碳能力,但是副产物乙基苯乙烯的选择性较高。专利CN10779282A公开了以一种含有Fe2O3、K2O、CeO2、MoO3、CaO、Na2O等成分以及选自MnO2、TiO2、Pr2O3的至少一种或者几种的复合催化剂,用于二乙苯脱氢反应,生成的产物具有单双烯比值低的特点,但是反应温度较高,且必须加入水蒸气对催化剂进行再生。专利CN106179348A公开了以石墨烯负载铝铁铜化合物为催化剂催化乙苯和乙醇混合催化反应生产二乙烯苯,反应具有耗能低、催化剂活性高、二乙烯苯选择性好和使用寿命长的特点,但未见催化剂使用寿命相关数据。
现有生产工艺的催化性能和生产需求以及产品质量不匹配,成为高选择性二乙烯苯生产的发展瓶颈和技术壁垒。因此,寻求制备二乙烯苯的新工艺和合适的催化剂来提高二乙苯脱氢催化剂的活性、降低产物中邻位单体的含量是首要研究目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,该方法能够有效降低邻二乙烯苯单体的含量。
本发明通过下列技术方案完成:
一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在固定床反应器的两个床层中依次装填催化剂1:K/ZSM-5分子筛,催化剂2:纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子;在两个床层之间设有惰性材料;
2)在惰性气体的氛围下,将乙苯和乙醇通入固定床反应器中,设置反应温度、反应压力和空速,反应结束后,冷凝得到二乙烯苯;
步骤1)中,催化剂1和催化剂2均为固体颗粒,压片造粒,粒径为20目,催化剂 1和催化剂2的体积比为1:1。
步骤1)中,惰性材料为惰性氧化铝、石英砂、玻璃珠、瓷球中的一种,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm。,
步骤1)中,催化剂1的制备方法为:
1)将钾长石(K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2)粉末加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比K2O:Al2O3=5–16计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料;
2)将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=(5–16):1:(20–50):(0.5–3.5):(1200–3700)配比混合,用硫酸调节pH至9–13,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉;
3)分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
步骤1)中,催化剂2的制备方法为:
1)以硝酸钯、氯化钯、乙酸钯中的一种作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为1:500–1:1000;
2)将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1;
3)在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂。
步骤2)中,惰性气体为氮气;乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:(1.2–1.6);反应温度为300–450℃;反应压力为0.1–0.5MPa;空速为2–6h–1。
本发明具有下列优点和效果:
1)本发明采用混合式催化剂,在固定床反应器中用两个床层分别装填催化剂1和催化剂2,在同一反应器中进行烷基化和脱氢连串反应,显著提高了二乙烯苯混合物中间、对位单体含量;
2)本发明的反应温度为300–450℃,反应压力为低压,无需加入水蒸气,反应的总耗能显著降低;
3)本发明的催化剂具有催化活性高,选择性好,产物收率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行更详细的阐述:
实施例1
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=5计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=5:1:30:0.5:1200配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至9,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以硝酸钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:500。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,在固定床反应器中用两个床层装填催化剂,在两个床层之间设有惰性氧化铝,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm;K/ZSM-5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,分别进行烷基化和脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.2,反应温度为400℃,反应压力为 0.5MPa,催化剂用量为100mL,空速为2h–1。
实施例2
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=10计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=10:1:40:1:1800配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至12,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以氯化钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:1000。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,在固定床反应器中用两个床层装填催化剂,在两个床层之间设有石英砂,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm;K/ZSM-5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,分别进行烷基化和脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.3,反应温度为350℃,反应压力为0.4MPa,催化剂用量为20mL,空速为4.5h–1。
实施例3
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=16计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=8:1:20:2.5:3000配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至13,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以乙酸钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:900。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,在固定床反应器中用两个床层装填催化剂,在两个床层之间设有玻璃珠,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm;K/ZSM-5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,分别进行烷基化和脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.5,反应温度为300℃,反应压力为0.1MPa,催化剂用量为50ml,空速为4h–1。
实施例4
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=12计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=16:1:50:3.5:3700配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至10,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以硝酸钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:700。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,在固定床反应器中用两个床层装填催化剂,在两个床层之间设有瓷球,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm;K/ZSM-5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,分别进行烷基化和脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.6,反应温度为450℃,反应压力为0.2MPa,催化剂用量为10ml,空速为6h–1。
实施例5
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=8计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=12:1:40:2:2000配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至11,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以硝酸钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:800。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,在固定床反应器中用两个床层装填催化剂,在两个床层之间设有惰性氧化铝,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm;K/ZSM-5分子筛置于第一床层,纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子置于第二床层,分别进行烷基化和脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.4,反应温度为350℃,反应压力为 0.3MPa,催化剂用量为40ml,空速为3.5h–1。
对比例1
催化剂1的制备:将80目的钾长石精矿粉加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比n(K2O):n(Al2O3)=8计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料。将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n (Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=12:1:40:2:2000配比混合,用硫酸调节pH 至10,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉。分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到 K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为催化剂1。
催化剂2的制备:以硝酸钯作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL。以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为 1:800。将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1。在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂作为催化剂2。
本发明中以乙苯和乙醇为原料,分别采用K/ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂进行烷基化,采用镍铁尖晶石纳米片负载Pd作为催化剂进行脱氢反应制备二乙烯苯。生产原料乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.4,反应温度为350℃,反应压力为0.3MPa,催化剂用量为40 ml,空速为3.5h–1。
在实施例1-5中,分别将催化剂1和催化剂2放在一个固定床反应器两个床层中。
在对比例中,催化剂1和催化剂2进行机械混合,放在固定床反应器的床层中。反应结果详见下表。
试验 | 乙苯转化率/% | 二乙烯苯选择性/% |
实施例1 | 65.21 | 96.13 |
实施例2 | 58.38 | 95.79 |
实施例3 | 55.35 | 95.22 |
实施例4 | 57.31 | 95.48 |
实施例5 | 58.43 | 95.81 |
对比例1 | 33.51 | 69.64 |
Claims (6)
1.一种乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)在固定床反应器的两个床层中依次装填催化剂1:K/ZSM-5分子筛,催化剂2:纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子;在两个床层之间设有惰性材料;
2)在惰性气体的氛围下,将乙苯和乙醇通入固定床反应器中,设置反应温度、反应压力和空速,反应结束后,冷凝得到二乙烯苯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,催化剂1和催化剂2均为固体颗粒,压片造粒,粒径为20目,催化剂1和催化剂2的体积比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,惰性材料为惰性氧化铝、石英砂、玻璃珠、瓷球中的一种,装填高度大于50mm,粒径为φ3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,催化剂1:K/ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法为:
1)将钾长石K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2粉末加入助熔剂无水碳酸钾,其加入量按原料的氧化物摩尔比K2O:Al2O3=5–16计,放入马弗炉中于850℃焙烧1.5h,并补加适当硅源调整到合适的硅铝钾配比,得到焙烧熟料;
2)将焙烧熟料加入少量的水加热煮沸,使之成为白色凝胶,与模板剂四丙基溴化铵和水按初始凝胶摩尔组成为n(K2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(TPABr):n(H2O)=(5–16):1:(20–50):(0.5–3.5):(1200–3700)配比混合,用硫酸调节pH至9–13,依次在65℃的水浴中老化4h,在40℃下晶化24h,冷却至室温后抽滤、洗涤,在105℃烘箱中干燥24h到分子筛原粉;
3)分子筛原粉在600℃焙烧4h去除模板,得到K/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,催化剂2:纳米NiFe2O4负载Pd粒子的制备方法为:
1)以硝酸钯、氯化钯、乙酸钯中的一种作为钯源,配制0.001mol·L–1溶液100mL,以纳米NiFe2O4作为载体,混合所述载体和前驱体得到混合液,其中Pd与NiFe2O4的摩尔比为1:500–1:1000;
2)将地衣芽孢杆菌作为还原剂,培养后加入载体与前驱体的混合液中得到混合反应物,其中地衣芽孢杆菌与Pd的质量比为10:1;
3)在常温下,振荡混合反应物2h,将上述混合反应物离心分离后去除上清液,将分离得到的菌体洗涤后真空干燥即得到负载型金属催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的乙苯和乙醇为原料一步法制备二乙烯苯的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,惰性气体为氮气;乙苯和乙醇的摩尔比为1:(1.2–1.6);反应温度为300–450℃;反应压力为0.1–0.5MPa;空速为2–6h–1。
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