CN111416013A - 一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池 - Google Patents
一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,包括n型单晶硅片,n型单晶硅片的正表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极;所述n型单晶硅片的背表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极。本发明通过以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜作为异质结太阳电池的本征钝化层,对晶硅表面具有优良的钝化效果,从而减少界面载流子复合,提高异质结电池转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池,属于硅太阳电池技术领域。
背景技术
n型晶硅太阳电池技术近年来受到越来越多地关注,主要有钝化发射极背表面全扩散电池(n-PERT)、隧道氧化物钝化接触电池(TOPCon)和异质结电池(HJT)。这其中日本三洋公司开发的带本征薄层的异质结太阳电池,是在n型单晶硅衬底和掺杂的非晶硅薄膜发射极之间插入一层本征氢化非晶硅薄膜层(i-a-Si:H)来钝化异质结的界面,从而提高了电池的效率,并且已经实现了产业化。异质结电池具有结构对称可制成双面电池、工艺简单、转换效率高等特点,因此异质结太阳电池是很有潜力取代现有晶硅太阳电池结构,成为太阳电池器件主流产品的技术之一。
异质结电池对其性能影响非常重要的是其钝化层的性能。虽然本征非晶硅薄膜层能较好地钝化界面,但是研究也发现本征非晶硅薄膜层存在光吸收、制备工艺条件严苛等缺点,因此技术人员一直在寻找更合适的材料作为钝化层应用于异质结电池。
氧化硅(SiO2)具有非常优异的表面钝化性能,可有效降低界面态密度,但是氧化硅的禁带宽带比非晶硅更宽,因此氧化硅用作钝化层时必须很薄(约1~2nm),才能使得电子和空穴通过隧穿的方式输运而不受影响。而如此薄的氧化硅制备困难、并且不能很好地钝化界面,还需与其他钝化材料叠加使用。氮化硅是晶硅电池常用的减反射层和钝化层。结合氧化硅、氮化硅和本征非晶硅的优势,通过调控成份,可获得氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜(a-SiOxNy:H),改变非化学计量比x和y,可以调控氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜的光学带隙等性能,能够实现拥有优异钝化性能、薄膜厚度较厚(有利于工艺制备)、电子和空穴输运无需通过隧穿的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜。
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜作为本征钝化层的异质结太阳电池,减少钝化层产生的光吸收、实现对晶硅表面优良的钝化效果,减少界面载流子复合,从而提高异质结电池转换效率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:现有异质结太阳电池中本征非晶硅薄膜层的光吸收问题和钝化效果优化问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,包括n型单晶硅片,n型单晶硅片的正表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极;所述n型单晶硅片的背表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极。
优选地,所述n型单晶硅片采用晶相为(100)的n型Cz单晶硅,其厚度为100~180μm,电阻率为0.5~3.0Ω·cm。
优选地,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层以硅烷作为硅源,一氧化二氮为氮源和氧源,通过等离子增强化学气相沉积方法制备。
更优选地,所述氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层的制备方法为:n型单晶硅片预处理后,放入等离子增强化学气相沉积设备(PECVD),然后抽真空至真空度达到5×10-4Pa,以H2和SiH4为反应气体,一氧化二氮为氮源和氧源,在n型单晶硅片的温度150~300℃、沉积气压10~300Pa条件下,在n型单晶硅片的正表面、背表面分别生长一层氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜。
进一步地,所述一氧化二氮的体积占一氧化二氮与SiH4体积之和的百分比在0~50%之间变化。
优选地,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜是非化学计量的,其化学式表示为a-SiOxNy:H,非化学计量比x的变化范围是0~0.5,非化学计量比y的变化范围是0~0.5。
更优选地,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜,通过改变非化学计量比x和y,其光学带隙可在1.6~3.0eV的范围内调节。
优选地,所述氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜的厚度为2~10nm。
优选地,所述的p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层为硼掺杂的非晶硅薄膜层;所述的n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层为磷掺杂的非晶硅薄膜层。
优选地,所述的透明导电氧化物薄膜层为掺锡氧化铟薄膜或掺钨氧化铟薄膜;所述的金属栅线电极为Ag电极。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下技术效果:
1、和一般的氢化非晶硅薄膜为本征钝化层的异质结电池相比,氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜作为异质结电池本征钝化层能够减少蓝光区域的光吸收,使入射到硅片的光增加,从而光生载流子增多,增加电池的短路电流,提高光电转换效率;
2、和氧化硅作钝化层相比,氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜作为异质结电池本征钝化层能够通过调节其非化学计量比,进而调控其光学带隙,因此能够在较厚的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜厚度范围(2~10nm)实现电子和空穴的直接输运,无需通过隧穿的方式,从而可以增加本征钝化层的厚度,拓宽工艺窗口,使工艺更易于实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
如图1所示,为本发明提供的一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池的结构示意图,其包括n型单晶硅片1,n型单晶硅片1的正表面依次形成第一氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层2、p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层4、第一透明导电氧化物薄膜层6和正面金属栅线电极8;在n型单晶硅片1的背表面依次形成第二氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层3、n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层5、第二透明导电氧化物薄膜层7和背面金属栅线电极9。
实施例
一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池的制备方法:
步骤1:准备工业级晶向为(100)、电阻率在0.5~3Ω·cm,厚度为100~180μm的n型Cz单晶硅片作为n型晶硅衬底,用氢氧化钠溶液去除所述n型晶硅衬底表面因线切割形成的损伤层;
步骤2:用碱溶液对步骤1得到的n型晶硅衬底制绒,然后进行标准RCA清洗,得到预处理后的硅片;
步骤3:将步骤2所得的硅片放入PECVD的真空腔室,在真空室的本底真空达到5×10-4Pa后,在硅片衬底温度150~300℃条件下,以H2和SiH4为反应气体,N2O作为氮源和氧源,N2O的体积百分比XN=(N2O)/(N2O+SiH4)在0~50%之间变化,沉积气压为10~300Pa,利用PECVD在硅片正面和背面各生长一层氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层,厚度为2~10nm;
步骤4:将步骤3所得的硅片放入PECVD的真空腔室,在真空室的本底真空达到5×10-4Pa后,在硅片衬底温度100~300℃条件下,以H2、SiH4、B2H6为反应气体,沉积气压为10~300Pa,在正面的非晶氮氧化硅薄膜上,用PECVD方法再生长一层硼掺杂的p型非晶硅薄膜,厚度为2~20nm;以H2、SiH4、PH3为反应气体,其它工艺条件相同的情况下,在背面的非晶氮氧化硅薄膜上沉积一层磷掺杂的n型非晶硅薄膜,厚度为2~20nm;
步骤5:将步骤4所得的硅片放入磁控溅射设备的真空腔室,用磁控溅射的方法在正面p型非晶硅薄膜层上沉积一层透明导电的掺钨氧化铟薄膜,该层膜的厚度为80nm,透过率为90%,方块电阻为50~100Ω;用磁控溅射的方法在背面n型非晶硅薄膜层上沉积一层透明导电的掺锡氧化铟薄膜,该层膜的厚度为80nm,透过率为90%,方块电阻为50~100Ω;
步骤6:将步骤5所得的硅片,用丝网印刷的方法在正、背面的透明导电氧化物薄膜层上再分别印刷一层低温导电银浆,然后在150~300℃的低温下进行烧结以形成良好的欧姆接触;Ag栅线的厚度为5~10μm,栅线宽度为20~60μm,间距为1~3mm。
经过上述步骤得到的以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为本征钝化层的异质结太阳电池,光电转换效率达24%以上,高出现有太阳电池的光电转换效率1.5-2.0%。
Claims (10)
1.一种以氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜为钝化层的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,包括n型单晶硅片(1),n型单晶硅片(1)的正表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层(4)、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极;所述n型单晶硅片(1)的背表面依次形成氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层、n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层(5)、透明导电氧化物薄膜层和金属栅线电极。
2.如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述n型单晶硅片(1)采用晶向为(100)的n型Cz单晶硅,其厚度为100~180μm,电阻率为0.5~3.0Ω·cm。
3.如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层以硅烷作为硅源,一氧化二氮为氮源和氧源,通过等离子增强化学气相沉积方法制备。
4.如权利要求3所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜层的制备方法为:n型单晶硅片(1)预处理后,放入等离子增强化学气相沉积设备,然后抽真空至真空度达到5×10-4Pa,以H2和SiH4为反应气体,一氧化二氮为氮源和氧源,在n型单晶硅片(1)的温度150~300℃、沉积气压10~300Pa条件下,在n型单晶硅片(1)的正表面、背表面分别生长一层氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜。
5.如权利要求4所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述一氧化二氮的体积占一氧化二氮与SiH4体积之和的百分比在0~50%之间变化。
6.如权利要求1或4所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜是非化学计量的,其化学式表示为a-SiOxNy:H,非化学计量比x的变化范围是0~0.5,非化学计量比y的变化范围是0~0.5。
7.如权利要求6所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜,通过改变非化学计量比x和y,其光学带隙可在1.6~3.0eV的范围内调节。
8.如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述氢化非晶氮氧化硅薄膜的厚度为2~10nm。
9.如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的p型氢化非晶硅薄膜层(4)为硼掺杂的非晶硅薄膜层;所述的n型氢化非晶硅薄膜层(5)为磷掺杂的非晶硅薄膜层。
10.如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的透明导电氧化物薄膜层为掺锡氧化铟薄膜或掺钨氧化铟薄膜;所述的金属栅线电极为Ag电极。
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