CN111408727A - 一种适用于mim注射成型不锈钢粉末、制备方法及高抛光件 - Google Patents
一种适用于mim注射成型不锈钢粉末、制备方法及高抛光件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的是一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末、制备方法及高抛光件,所述不锈钢粉末尤指高抛光316L不锈钢粉末。本发明的适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末采用水气联合雾化方式制备,该方法包括合金元素中频感应熔炼、水气联合雾化、真空干燥、粉体分级及筛分、合批处理等工艺过程。所制备合金粉末具有合金成分、组织结构均匀,粉末粒度细且分布合理,球形度好,杂质含量低等优点,可作为MIM注射成型高抛光件的原材料得到广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属粉末材料制备技术领域,具体是指一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末、制备方法及高抛光件,所述不锈钢粉末尤指高抛光316L不锈钢粉末。
背景技术
金属注射成形(MIM)是传统粉末冶金工艺与现有塑料注射成型技术相结合而产生的一种新型技术。其不仅具有粉末冶金制品的材料利用率高的特点,同时还具有注射成型的生产效率高、制品组织结构均匀、接近净成形、尺寸精度高的优势。这种工艺满足了当今技术小型化、集成化、功能化、薄形化等发展趋势,因而近年来得到了广泛的研究和飞速的发展。现已广泛应用于高比重、硬质合金、不锈钢、低合金钢、磁性材料等多种材料体系,其产品也已在计算机、机械自动化、汽车船舶、医疗器械等多个行业领域得到广泛应用。
不锈钢作为一种高合金含量的特殊钢种,具有良好的抗腐蚀性能、抗氧化性能以及强度高、韧性好等诸多优异性能,应用领域极其广泛。随着粉末冶金相关工艺的发展,对不锈钢制品也提出了越来越高的要求,其中以对MIM注射成型316L抛光特性尤为关注。
MIM注射成型工艺主要由粉末及粘结剂密炼、造粒、注射成型、脱脂及烧结等工序所组成,每一道工序都将影响MIM产品最终性能。其中,以粉末的特性尤为重要,粉末选用不当不仅影响最终产品的性能,而且还影响整个工艺的顺利进行。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末,满足市场对316L制品提出优良的抛光性能要求。
为了解决上述问题,本发明通过优化合金成分、并结合水气联合雾化制粉的方式制备了一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末。
就MIM注射成型工艺而言,其所使用粉末的化学成分、粒径、粉末形貌及氧、碳含量等参数至关重要。粉末化学组成决定了MIM制件力学性能。硼在铬镍奥氏体不锈钢中有着特殊的用途,不锈钢中添加微量的硼可以提高高铬不锈钢耐腐蚀性能,并显著改善奥氏体不锈钢的热态塑型。少量的硼由于形成了低熔点的Fe-B共晶体(Fe-B共晶点温度为1149℃,316L烧结温度为1350℃),形成奥氏体-硼化物的两相组织,合金烧结过程中熔点降低,微熔池的形成可以进一步提高合金烧结致密度。
对于不锈钢,敞口冶炼过程中钢水与大气接触,氧在钢水中溶解度增大致使Cr、Mo、Si等活泼元素烧损增大,钢水中适量补充碳可降低冶炼和出钢期间氧在钢水中的溶解量,减少活泼元素的烧损,提高钢水品质。而在雾化过程中,金属熔体与雾化水介质在高温下反应导致金属氧化,粉末中的氧会在粉末颗粒表面形成稳定的Cr2O3、SiO2薄膜层阻碍颗粒间原子扩散,从而影响烧结致密化和制品力学性能。粉末中少量碳的存在可在烧结过程中脱除物料中的氧,同时还原粉末表面Cr2O3、SiO2等阻碍颗粒间原子扩散的氧化物,粉末活性增加,颗粒间接触点或面通过形核、结晶等过程形成烧结颈并长大,制品烧结更为致密,抛光性能大幅改善。
本发明为制备此金属粉末,提供了一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末的制备方法。
为了达成上述目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末,其中,其原材料元素质量百分比分别为:17.0-18.0Cr,11.0-13.0Ni,2.0-3.0Mo,0.8-1.2Mn,0.2-0.3C,0.1-0.3B,0.5-0.8Si,64.5-68.4Fe。
进一步,所制备不锈钢粉末的激光粒度D90:18-20μm,粉末氧含量≤0.35wt%,碳含量:0.2-0.3wt%,粉末松装密度:2.8-3.2g/cm3,粉末振实密度≥4.8g/cm3。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末的制备方法,其中,所述粉末通过以下步骤制备:
1)中频感应熔炼:合金成分以质量百分比计为17.0-18.0Cr,11.0-13.0Ni,2.0-3.0Mo,0.8-1.2Mn,0.2-0.3C,0.1-0.3B,0.5-0.8Si,64.5-68.4Fe,按上述合金成分进行配料,将原材料按纯铁、铬铁、钼铁、锰铁、高纯硅、生铁、硼铁的顺序,依次投料,在中频感应炉内大气冶炼,控制冶炼功率为100-400KW,冶炼时长40.0-55.0分钟,待钢液温度达到1650℃-1700℃,进行合金化处理,合金化时间10.0-20.0分钟,之后降低功率为100-150KW,采用硅钙、石灰对钢液进行造渣脱氧,并扒渣干净,起泵浇钢;
2)水气联合雾化:采用氮气作为过程保护气氛,氮气流量为20.0-25.0m3/h;雾化过程采用35°/25°主副喷喷盘,双V型喷嘴;钢液中间包底部漏眼尺寸为4.0-5.0mm,雾化水压力为110-130MPa,水流量为120-160L/min;
3)真空干燥:采用双锥真空干燥机干燥合金粉末,干燥温度为130-170℃,真空度≤-0.09MPa;
4)粉体分级及筛分:采用气流分级控制粉末粒度及分布,控粉末激光粒度D90:18-20μm;
5)合批处理。
本发明又一目的在于提供一种通过上述不锈钢粉末制备而成的高抛光件,其中,其烧结密度≥7.9g/cm3,高抛光件表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。
采用上述方案后,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明的核心创新之一是在于原材料的配比,即将原材料按以下合金成分配料:17.0-18.0Cr,11.0-13.0Ni,2.0-3.0Mo,0.8-1.2Mn,0.2-0.3C,0.1-0.3B,0.5-0.8Si,64.5-68.4Fe,通过水气联合雾化制粉方法,可制得适用于MIM注射成型高抛光件用金属粉末。这种合金粉末制备高抛光件,其烧结密度≥7.9g/cm3,高抛光件表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。
2、通过中频感应熔炼、水气联合雾化制粉,配合后期真空干燥,粉体分级及筛分、合批处理等工序,即在真空干燥之后再增加一道粉体分级及筛分的步骤,其是本发明之首创;再配合上每一步骤的具体参数设定,从而可制备球形度优、氧含量低、粒度超细的合金粉末。具体所制备316L合金粉末激光粒度D90:18-20μm,粉末氧含量≤0.35wt%,碳含量:0.2-0.3wt%,粉末松装密度:2.8-3.2g/cm3,粉末振实密度≥4.8g/cm3。
附图说明
图1为本发明中实施例1所制备金属粉末SEM形貌图。
图2为本发明中实施例2中制备316L高抛光件的外形图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例,对本发明做进一步详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不止于此。
实施例1
(1)中频感应熔炼:将纯铁、铬铁、钼铁、锰铁、高纯硅、生铁、硼铁的顺序,依次投料,在中频感应炉内大气冶炼,本实施例中合金各成分配比为:66.95wt%Fe,17wt%Cr,11.5wt%Ni,2.5wt%Mo,1.0wt%Mn,0.25wt%C,0.2wt%B以及0.6wt%Si;
在熔炼过程中,控制冶炼功率为100-400KW,冶炼时长为40.0-55.0分钟,待钢液温度达到1650℃-1700℃,进行合金化处理,合金化时间15分钟,之后降低功率为100-150KW,采用硅钙、石灰对钢液进行造渣脱氧,并扒渣干净,起泵浇钢;
(2)水气联合雾化:采用氮气作为过程保护气氛,氮气流量为20.0m3/h;采用35°/25°主副喷喷盘,双V型喷嘴;钢液中间包底部漏眼尺寸为4.0mm,雾化水压力为110MPa,水流量为120L/min;
(3)真空干燥:采用双锥真空干燥机干燥合金粉末,干燥温度为170℃,真空度≤-0.09MPa;
(4)粉体分级及筛分:采用气流分级控制粉末粒度及分布,控粉末激光粒度D90:18-20μm;
(5)合批处理。
实施例2
本实施例2与实施例1的区别在于:本实施例2中制备的一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末成分进行调整,所制备合金粉末合金成分组成为:64.9wt%Fe,18wt%Cr,12.5wt%Ni,2.5wt%Mo,1.0wt%Mn,0.3wt%C,0.2wt%B以及0.6wt%Si,上述成分均为质量百分比。
实施例3
本实施例3与实施例1的区别在于:本实施例3中调整制备一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末的水气联合雾化工艺。具体雾化工艺为:采用氮气作为过程保护气氛,氮气流量为30.0m3/h;采用35°/25°主副喷喷盘,双V型喷嘴;钢液中间包底部漏眼尺寸为4.5mm,雾化水压力为120MPa,水流量为140L/min。
对比例1
本对比例1与实施例1的区别在于:本对比例1中采用常规水雾化制粉工艺制备金属粉末,合金成分为66.95wt%Fe,17wt%Cr,11.5wt%Ni,2.5wt%Mo,1.0wt%Mn,0.25wt%C,0.2wt%B以及0.6wt%Si,将上述合金成分,按纯铁、铬铁、钼铁、锰铁、高纯硅、生铁、硼铁的顺序,依次投料中频感应熔炼、常规水雾化、真空干燥、粉体分级及筛分、合批处理等工艺,制成颗粒状合金粉末,对比水气联合雾化与常规水雾化对粉末性能的影响。
对比例2
本对比例2与实施例1的区别在于:本对比例2中制备的一种刀具用金属粉末,合金成分中不含硼、碳元素,对比硼、碳元素对本发明中高抛光件密度、表面粗糙度的影响。本对比例2中合金成分设计为:67.4wt%Fe,17wt%Cr,11.5wt%Ni,2.5wt%Mo,1.0wt%Mn以及0.6wt%Si。
本发明实施例1-3,对比例1-2所制备的合金粉末及316L制品性能表征,见下表1:
表1
由表1可知,本发明实施例1-3均可制备一种适用于MIM注射成型高抛光316L不锈钢粉末。采用水气联合雾化制备此合金粉末氧含量低、振实密度高,采用此粉末制备MIM喂料装载量大且流动性好,烧结件致密度高;硼元素提高了钢的烧结密度,低熔点的Fe-B共晶体使得合金烧结过程中熔点降低,并形成微熔池进一步提高合金烧结致密度。碳元素改善了粉末的烧结活性,烧结过程中碳/氧反应使得粉末表面Cr2O3、SiO2等阻碍颗粒间原子扩散的氧化物被还原,粉末烧结活性增加,烧结件烧结更为致密,制品抛光性能大幅改善。
本实施例中的应用均可达到上述实施例中的各项指标。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非对本发明保护范围的限制,但凡采用本发明的设计原理,以及在此基础上进行非创造性劳动而作出的变化,均应属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末,其特征在于,其原材料元素质量百分比分别为:17.0-18.0Cr,11.0-13.0Ni,2.0-3.0Mo,0.8-1.2Mn,0.2-0.3C,0.1-0.3B,0.5-0.8Si,64.5-68.4Fe。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末,其特征在于,所制备不锈钢粉末的激光粒度D90:18-20μm,粉末氧含量≤0.35wt%,碳含量:0.2-0.3wt%,粉末松装密度:2.8-3.2g/cm3,粉末振实密度≥4.8g/cm3。
3.一种适用于MIM注射成型不锈钢粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉末通过以下步骤制备:
1)中频感应熔炼:合金成分以质量百分比计为17.0-18.0Cr,11.0-13.0Ni,2.0-3.0Mo,0.8-1.2Mn,0.2-0.3C,0.1-0.3B,0.5-0.8Si,65-68.4Fe,按上述合金成分进行配料,将原材料按纯铁、铬铁、钼铁、锰铁、高纯硅、生铁、硼铁的顺序,依次投料,在中频感应炉内大气冶炼,控制冶炼功率为100-400KW,冶炼时长40.0-55.0分钟,待钢液温度达到1650℃-1700℃,进行合金化处理,合金化时间10.0-20.0分钟,之后降低功率为100-150KW,采用硅钙、石灰对钢液进行造渣脱氧,并扒渣干净,起泵浇钢;
2)水气联合雾化:采用氮气作为过程保护气氛,氮气流量为20.0-25.0m3/h;雾化过程采用35°/25°主副喷喷盘,双V型喷嘴;钢液中间包底部漏眼尺寸为4.0-5.0mm,雾化水压力为110-130MPa,水流量为120-160L/min;
3)真空干燥:采用双锥真空干燥机干燥合金粉末,干燥温度为130-170℃,真空度≤-0.09MPa;
4)粉体分级及筛分:采用气流分级控制粉末粒度及分布,控粉末激光粒度D90:18-20μm;
5)合批处理。
4.一种通过上述如权利要求1或2所述不锈钢粉末制备而成的高抛光件,其中,其烧结密度≥7.9g/cm3,高抛光件表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。
5.一种通过上述如权利要求3所述方法制备的不锈钢粉末而制备成的高抛光件,其特征在于,其烧结密度≥7.9g/cm3,高抛光件表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。
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