CN111406628A - Artificial illumination planting method for butter lettuce - Google Patents
Artificial illumination planting method for butter lettuce Download PDFInfo
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- CN111406628A CN111406628A CN202010360124.6A CN202010360124A CN111406628A CN 111406628 A CN111406628 A CN 111406628A CN 202010360124 A CN202010360124 A CN 202010360124A CN 111406628 A CN111406628 A CN 111406628A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially planting butter lettuce by illumination. It comprises the following steps: after the cream lettuce seedlings are fixedly planted, red and blue light is adopted for illumination, and the illumination period is controlled to be 7-16 h.d‑1And planting the cream lettuce. In the above method, the illumination period is as follows: 1 st to 5d illumination for 7 to 8h, d‑1(ii) a Illumination for 16 to 17 hours and d in the 5 th to 15 th days‑1(ii) a Light irradiation is carried out for 13 to 14 hours and d in 15 th to 20 th days‑1(ii) a Light irradiation for 10 to 11h and d in 20 th to 30 th days‑1. The invention establishes that the optimal photoperiods required by different growth stages are different, the growth speed is higher under the illumination period growth model, and the method not only saves energy consumption, but also ensures the quality of the cream lettuce.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an artificial light illumination planting method for butter lettuce, and belongs to the field of water planting vegetable planting.
Background
The method is characterized in that light is one of indispensable conditions for plant growth, not only is energy required for photosynthesis of plants, but also is a main factor influencing plant signal conduction, and simultaneously is a necessary condition for plant morphological establishment, and plays an important role in regulating physiological activities, growth and development, yield and quality of plants.
The greenhouse planting of the water planting leaf vegetables has the advantages that the growth period of the leaf vegetables is prolonged, the leaf colors, the leaf characters and the plant types are unstable due to illumination changes caused by regions and seasons, and therefore the production advantages of the water planting leaf vegetables can be more prominent by using L ED light sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for artificially planting butter lettuce by illumination.
The invention provides a method for artificial illumination planting of cream lettuce, which comprises the following steps: after the cream lettuce seedlings are fixedly planted, red and blue light is adopted for illumination, and the illumination period is controlled to be 7-16 h.d-1And planting the cream lettuce.
In the above method, the illumination period is as follows: 1 st to 5d illumination for 7 to 8h, d-1(ii) a Illumination for 16 to 17 hours and d in the 5 th to 15 th days-1(ii) a Light irradiation is carried out for 13 to 14 hours and d in 15 th to 20 th days-1(ii) a Light irradiation for 10 to 11h and d in 20 th to 30 th days-1。
In the above method, the illumination period is as follows: the illumination period is as follows: illumination of No. 1 to No. 5d for 7 h.d-1(ii) a Illumination of the 5 th to 15 th days for 16h d-1(ii) a Illumination for 13 h.d in 15 th to 20 th days-1(ii) a Illumination for 10 h.d at 20 th to 30 th day-1。
In the above method, the illumination period is specifically as follows: illumination of No. 1 to No. 5d for 7 h.d-1Illuminating 7:00-14:00 every day; illumination of the 5 th to 15 th days for 16h d-1Illuminating 7: 00-23: 00 every day; illumination for 13 h.d in 15 th to 20 th days-1Illuminating 7: 00-20: 00 a day; illumination for 10 h.d at 20 th to 30 th day-1Every dayAnd (7) illumination at a speed of 7:00-17: 00.
In the method, the red-blue ratio of the red blue light can be 7-8: 1, preferably 7: 1;
the wavelength of red light in the red and blue light is 660nm, and the wavelength of blue light is 450 nm;
the red and blue light is particularly L ED light source.
In the invention, the L ED light source specifically adopts L ED lamps provided by Sanan photoelectricity corporation, each lamp consists of 24L ED lamp beads of 0.16W, each cell is provided with 6 lamps, and the cell is × cm (90cm × 45cm) in length and width.
In the above method, the photon density of the red and blue light can be 125-200 μmol/(m)2S) may be in particular 154. mu. mol/(m)2S) or 140 to 160. mu. mol/(m)2S), the illumination of the red light and the blue light can be 10000-15000 lux, specifically 10717lux, and the data is the detection result of a spectrometer;
the distance between the red blue light and a planting plate for planting the cream lettuce seedlings can be 30-35 cm, and specifically can be 30 cm.
In the method, the planting conditions of the cream lettuce are as follows: the daytime temperature can be 24 + -2 deg.C, the nighttime temperature can be 18 + -2 deg.C, and the humidity can be 60% + -5%.
In the invention, the test is a full artificial light environment, and the day and night differentiation in the day temperature and the night temperature is based on the day and night differentiation of the natural environment, which can be specifically set as follows: the temperature is 6: 00-18: 00 in the daytime and is 24 +/-2 ℃, and the temperature is 18: 00-6: 00 at night and is 18 +/-2 ℃.
In the method, the cream lettuce is planted by adopting nutrient solution;
the supplement frequency of the nutrient solution is 4 d/time, the replacement frequency of the nutrient solution is every 10 min/time in the daytime, namely, the new nutrient solution is replaced every 4 days, the liquid supply frequency of the nutrient solution every day is 10min for supplying liquid once, and every 20 min/time at night, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.2-1.8mS/cm, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5. The nutrient solution is specifically adjusted by using a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and nitric acid.
In the method, the environment for planting the butter lettuce is a closed indoor environment, and can be a lightproof indoor environment or a light source with a window capable of entering part of light sources, but the natural light is not relied on as a growing light source.
In the method, the plant of the butter lettuce seedling is six leaves and one heart;
the density of field planting of the cream lettuce seedlings is 16-18 cm × 18-20 cm, and specifically can be 18 × 20 cm.
In the method, the cream lettuce seedlings are cultured according to the following steps that the cream lettuce seeds are soaked and sprouted and then sowed in a FACA L seedling culture medium, and when the plants are six leaves and one heart, the cream lettuce seedlings are obtained.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention explores the influence of different photoperiods on the growth and the quality of the water-cultured lettuce and discusses the requirement relation of the butter lettuce on the light growth environment.
2. The invention determines that the optimal photoperiods required by different growth stages are different, and the method not only saves energy consumption, but also ensures the quality of the butter lettuce.
3. The growth speed is higher under the illumination period growth model, and scientific basis is provided for developing the light environment regulation and control technology for the industrial production of the hydroponic leaf vegetables and developing L ED light source in the field of facility cultivation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different illumination durations on the yield of cream lettuce during different growing periods according to the present invention; a to G: the effect of different illumination periods on the phenotype of the butterscotch during different growth periods, bar being 5 cm. H, the influence of the illumination time on the fresh weight of the leaves; i, influence of illumination time length on average spread; j, influence of illumination duration on the maximum leaf length; k is the influence of the illumination duration on the maximum leaf width. The black line above the column is the standard deviation line (n ═ 3), and the letters above the column indicate different significance (Duncan multifactor analysis of variance, P ≦ 0.05).
FIG. 2 is a high-yield illumination pattern diagram for different leaf vegetable varieties of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of light patterns on the yield of lettuce during different growing periods in example 5 of the present invention; a: growth day 5; b: growth day 10; c: growth day 15; d, growing for 20 days; e: growth day 25; f: growth day 30; bar is 5 cm.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 method for artificial illumination planting of butter lettuce
The artificial illumination planting method of the butter lettuce comprises the following steps:
(1) the test is carried out in an artificial light planting area, the test area is a closed indoor environment, and air conditioning control is adopted, wherein the daytime temperature is 24 ℃ (6: 00-18: 00 every day), the night temperature is 18 ℃ (18: 00-6: 00 every day), the daytime relative humidity is 50%, and the night relative humidity is 60%. The nutrient solution is automatically supplemented, the supplementing frequency is 4 d/time, the nutrient solution replacement frequency is every 10 min/time in the daytime and every 20 min/time in the nighttime, the EC value is between 1.2 and 1.8mS/cm, and the pH value is adjusted to between 6.0 and 6.5 by using a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and nitric acid.
(2) L ED light source adopts L ED lamp tubes provided by Sanan photoelectricity corporation, each lamp tube is composed of 24L ED lamp beads of 0.16W, each cell is provided with 6 lamp tubes, the length of the cell is × and the width of the cell is 90cm × 45cm, the red-blue ratio (R/B) of the lamp tubes is 7:1, the wavelength of red light is 660nm, the wavelength of blue light is 450nm, and the light quantum density is 154 mu mol/(m mol)2S), the distance from the light source to the planting plate is 30cm, and the L ED spectral parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1L ED optical and electrical parameters
(3) Setting the artificial light planting time to be 7 h.d-1(7:00-14:00), adopting a Japanese Kawasaki (lettuce) formula and a general microelement formula, soaking and germinating the butter lettuce seeds, sowing the soaked and germinated butter lettuce seeds in a FACA L seedling culture medium, planting the seedlings in a shallow liquid flow cultivation tank according to the density of 18 × 20cm after the seedlings grow to six leaves and one core, and testing materialsAfter transplanting, each treatment marks 3 plants of materials, the maximum leaf length, the leaf width, the maximum value and the minimum value of the spread of the marked materials are respectively detected every 5 days, the average spread (the maximum value of the spread plus the minimum value of the spread) is calculated to be 2, each treatment respectively selects 3 plants of the two materials every 5 days, and the fresh weight of the overground part of the plants is detected.
When the butter lettuce grows for 30 days, respectively randomly selecting 9 lettuce plants, wherein each 3 lettuce plants are a repeat and have 3 repeats, measuring the shape index (plant height, leaf number, maximum leaf length, leaf width and average stem height) and the yield index (single plant weight, overground part fresh weight, overground part dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root crown ratio and overground part water content)
The root-crown ratio calculation formula is as follows: f ═ S/W
Wherein F is the root-to-crown ratio; s, fresh weight of roots; w-fresh weight of aerial parts.
The formula of the water content of the overground part is that theta is (1-G/W) × 100%
In which theta-water content of the aerial part; g-aerial part dry weight; w-fresh weight of aerial parts.
(4) Processing and mapping of the test data was performed in Excel, and significance analysis was performed on the test data using SPSS with a significance level of P < 0.05.
Examples 2,
The method is the same as the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention, but the difference is that the artificial light planting time is set to be 10 h.d-1(7:00-17:00), then adopting a Japanese Kawasaki (lettuce) formula and a general microelement formula, soaking and sprouting the butter lettuce seeds, sowing the soaked and sprouted butter lettuce seeds in a FACA L seedling culture medium, planting the seedlings in a shallow liquid flow cultivation tank according to the density of 18 × 20cm after the seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, transplanting test materials, respectively detecting the maximum leaf length, the leaf width and the maximum and minimum spread values of the mark materials every 5 days, calculating the average spread (the maximum spread value and the minimum spread value)/2, respectively selecting 3 plants for each two materials every 5 days, detecting the fresh weight of the overground part of the plants, carrying out the treatment and the drawing of the test data in Excel, and carrying out the significance analysis on the test data by adopting SPSS (short seed culture medium with the significance level of P<0.05。
Examples 3,
The method is the same as the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention, but the difference is that the artificial light planting time is set to be 13 h.d-1(6:00-19:00), then adopting a Japanese Kawasaki (lettuce) formula and a general microelement formula, soaking and sprouting the butter lettuce seeds, sowing the soaked and sprouted butter lettuce seeds in a FACA L seedling culture medium, planting the seedlings in a shallow liquid flow cultivation tank according to the density of 18 × 20cm after the seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, transplanting test materials, respectively detecting the maximum leaf length, the leaf width and the maximum and minimum spread values of the mark materials every 5 days, calculating the average spread (the maximum spread value and the minimum spread value)/2, respectively selecting 3 plants for each two materials every 5 days, detecting the fresh weight of the overground part of the plants, carrying out the treatment and the drawing of the test data in Excel, and carrying out the significance analysis on the test data by adopting SPSS (short seed culture medium with the significance level of P<0.05。
Examples 4,
The method is the same as the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention, but the difference is that the artificial light planting time is set to be 16 h.d-1(5:00-21:00), then adopting a Japanese Kawasaki (lettuce) formula and a general microelement formula, soaking and sprouting the butter lettuce seeds, sowing the soaked and sprouted butter lettuce seeds in a FACA L seedling culture medium, planting the seedlings in a shallow liquid flow cultivation tank according to the density of 18 × 20cm after the seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, transplanting test materials, marking 3 plants for each treatment, respectively detecting the maximum leaf length, the leaf width and the maximum and minimum spread of the marking materials every 5 days, calculating the average spread (the maximum spread and the minimum spread)/2, respectively selecting 3 plants for each treatment of two materials every 5 days, detecting the fresh weight of the overground part of the plants, carrying out the treatment and the drawing of the test data in Excel, and carrying out the significance analysis on the test data by adopting SPSS, wherein the significance level of the significance level is P<0.05。
The results of the measurements in the above examples are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and tables 2 to 3.
TABLE 2 Effect of different photoperiods for 30 days of permanent planting on the morphological index of butter lettuce
TABLE 3 Effect of different photoperiods for 30 days of permanent planting on the yield index of cream lettuce
The results of the measurements in the above examples show that:
the fresh weight, the average spread and the maximum leaf length and width of the overground part of the leaf vegetables are yield indexes which are referenced by consumers. From the analysis of the planting data of the above implementation method (shown in figure 1), the fresh weight, the maximum leaf length and the average spread of 1-5 days of the overground part of the butter lettuce are all illuminated for 7 h.d-1The time is the fastest; fresh weight of overground part, maximum leaf length and leaf width and average spread of 5-15 days in illumination for 16 h.d-1The time is the fastest; illuminating for 13 h.d when the fresh weight of the overground part is 15-20 d-1The time is the fastest; the fresh weight, the maximum leaf length and the average spread range of the ground are illuminated for 10 h.d when the average spread range is 20-30 d-1The growth is fastest (fig. 1H-K), and the growth is not obvious after the maximum leaf width is 20d (shown in J-K in fig. 1).
Increasing the intensity of light can significantly increase the yield of vegetables, but too high an intensity can cause inhibition. The lettuce has serious bolting phenomenon under the low illumination intensity treatment, the stem of the lettuce is thin and weak and cannot grow vertically, the leaf color of the lettuce becomes light, the leaf veins become thin, the roots are slender and fine, the root hairs are lacked, the number of leaves is reduced, and the leaves are slender. The test is carried out from 7 h.d under the condition of constant illumination intensity-1The illumination time is prolonged, and research results show that the number of leaves of the lettuce is small, the leaves are slender, the number of roots is small, and the number of roots on the long side of the main root is small due to the fact that the illumination time is too short (shown in table 2). The illumination time exceeds 10 h.d-1The yield index increase, such as plant height, leaf number, individual plant weight, fresh leaf weight, etc., was not significant (table 3 and fig. 1). The influence of light on plants is proved, and the light intensity and the illumination duration are in positive correlation. The illumination time is short, the number of the plant leaves is small, the leaf emergence speed is slow, the leaves are slender, the growth period is prolonged, the yield is low, but the illumination time is too long, the yield reaches the stage period, and the resource waste is caused.
Adopting principal component analysis method to treat cream in different stagesComprehensively analyzing the fresh weight of the leaves, the maximum leaf length and leaf width of the lettuce and the illumination duration, and screening out the optimal illumination duration of the butter lettuce. The light growth model for the cream lettuce lighting is summarized as follows: 1-5 days of illumination for 7 h.d-1(ii) a 5-15 d illumination for 16h d-1(ii) a 15 to 20 days of illumination for 13 h.d-1(ii) a 20 to 30 days of illumination for 10h d-1(shown in FIG. 2).
Examples 5,
The method is the same as the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention, and is different in that the time period of artificial light planting is set as follows: illumination of No. 1 to No. 5d for 7 h.d-1Illuminating 7:00-14:00 every day; illumination of the 5 th to 15 th days for 16h d-1Illuminating 7: 00-23: 00 every day; light irradiation at 15 th to 20 th day for 13 h.d-1Illuminating 7: 00-20: 00 a day; illumination for 10 h.d at 20 th to 30 th day-1After the butter lettuce seeds are soaked and sprouted, the seeds are sown in a FACA L seedling culture medium, after the seedlings grow to six leaves and one core, the seedlings are planted in a shallow liquid flow cultivation tank according to the density of 18 × 20cm, after the test materials are transplanted, 3 treatment mark materials are respectively detected every 5 days, the maximum leaf length, the leaf width, the maximum spread value and the minimum spread value of the mark materials are respectively detected, the average spread (the maximum spread value and the minimum spread value)/2 is calculated, 3 plants are respectively selected for every 5 days of treatment for two materials, the fresh weight of the overground part of the plant is detected, the treatment and the drawing of the test data are carried out in Excel, the test data are subjected to significance analysis by SPSS, and the significance level of the significance is P<0.05。
As shown in FIG. 3, tables 2 and 3, the number of leaves with erect plant shape and short shape (shown in FIG. 3) and the maximum leaf length and width and the average spread width of the lettuce plant in example 5 of the present invention were all higher than those in other cases at 30 days of permanent planting, wherein the number of leaves was increased by 21% and the width of leaves was large than that in case 1, the maximum leaf width ratio was increased by 18% and the spread width was 33% higher than that in example 1 of the present invention (shown in Table 2). The yield indexes of the single plant weight, the fresh weight of the overground part, the dry weight of the overground part, the fresh weight of the root and the dry weight of the root are all obviously higher than other cases, wherein the single plant weight is obviously increased by 2.13 times compared with the case 1, and the fresh weight of the overground part is 2.09 times of that of the example 1 (shown in a table 3) of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting butter lettuce by artificial illumination comprises the following steps: after the cream lettuce seedlings are fixedly planted, red and blue light is adopted for illumination, and the illumination period is controlled to be 7-16 h.d-1And planting the cream lettuce.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the illumination period is as follows: the 1 st to 5 th illumination is performed for 7 to 8h, d-1(ii) a Illumination for 16 to 17 hours and d in the 5 th to 15 th days-1(ii) a Light irradiation is carried out for 13 to 14 hours and d in 15 th to 20 th days-1(ii) a Light irradiation for 10 to 11h and d in 20 th to 30 th days-1。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the illumination period is as follows: the illumination period is as follows: illumination of No. 1 to No. 5d for 7 h.d-1(ii) a Illumination of the 5 th to 15 th days for 16h d-1(ii) a Illumination for 13 h.d in 15 th to 20 th days-1(ii) a Illumination for 10 h.d at 20 th to 30 th day-1；
The illumination period is as follows: illumination of No. 1 to No. 5d for 7 h.d-1Illuminating 7:00-14:00 every day; illumination of the 5 th to 15 th days for 16h d-1Illuminating 7: 00-23: 00 every day; illumination for 13 h.d in 15 th to 20 th days-1Illuminating 7: 00-20: 00 a day; illumination for 10 h.d at 20 th to 30 th day-1And (5) illuminating 7:00-17:00 every day.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the red-blue ratio of the red blue light is 7-8: 1;
the wavelength of red light in the red and blue light is 660nm, and the wavelength of blue light is 450 nm;
the red and blue light is L ED light source.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the photon density of the red and blue light is 125-200 mu mol/(m)2S), wherein the illuminance of the red and blue light is 10000-15000 lux;
the distance between the red blue light and a planting plate for planting the cream lettuce seedlings is 30-35 cm.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the planting conditions of the cream lettuce are as follows: the daytime temperature is 24 +/-2 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 18 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is 60% +/-5%.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the cream lettuce is planted by adopting nutrient solution;
the supplement frequency of the nutrient solution is 4 d/time, the replacement frequency of the nutrient solution is every 10 min/time in the daytime and every 20 min/time at night, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.2-1.8mS/cm, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the environment for planting the cream lettuce is a closed indoor environment.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: the plant of the butter lettuce seedling is six leaves and one core;
the density of field planting of the cream lettuce seedlings is 16-18 cm × 18-18 cm-20 cm.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the young butter lettuce is obtained by cultivating the seeds of the butter lettuce in FACA L seedling substrate after soaking and germinating, and when the plant is six-leaf and one-heart, the young butter lettuce is obtained.
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Application publication date: 20200714 |