CN111393237A - Biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting, and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting, and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting, a preparation method and a use method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 25-50 parts of seaweed slurry, 25-50 parts of calcium sulfate suspension, 15-25 parts of actinomycete culture solution, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, 15-25 parts of yeast culture solution and 10-25 parts of honey. The preparation method comprises mixing culture solution of Actinomycetes, lactobacillus and yeast, culturing, adding Sargassum slurry and Mel, mixing, and adding calcium sulfate suspension; the prepared biological seaweed calcium fertilizer can be obtained by fermenting in a closed manner until white particles are completely dissolved, the content of active calcium in soil can be increased, the absorption and utilization of tomato root systems are facilitated, the probability of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the quality and the yield of tomato fruits are guaranteed; and the continuous cropping obstacle of facility field planting can be effectively relieved, the microbial activity of the soil is optimized, and the soil environment is improved so as to repair the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for protected tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Algae are algae plants grown in seawater, and are a large family of marine biological resources. The coastline of our country is long, the shallow sea area is large, the amount of seaweed is large and the variety is rich. The seaweed contains protein, polysaccharide, vitamin, a large amount of inorganic elements and other nutrient components, so that the seaweed has high agricultural value. The seaweed fertilizer prepared by using seaweed as a raw material has multiple functions of improving yield, promoting seed germination, increasing resistance, resisting plant diseases and insect pests, increasing the absorption of inorganic components in soil, reducing the loss of fruit storage and the like. In addition, the seaweed also contains various plant growth regulators, and can promote the growth of crops. Therefore, the development and utilization strength should be increased in the future, so that the abundant seaweed resources in China are better utilized in the aspect of agriculture.
Tomatoes are one of the most common fruits and vegetables cultivated all over the world, and at present, large-area cultivation is mainly carried out in facilities such as plastic greenhouses, greenhouses and the like in China. Tomatoes are sensitive to calcium response and are typically calcium-philic plants. However, with the rapid development of facility cultivation, people blindly apply excessive fertilizer to soil in order to seek high quality and high yield, so that the structure of facility soil is deteriorated, the fertility is reduced, and the loss of calcium is increased continuously.
In the planting process of the facility tomatoes, the contradiction between the calcium nutrient absorption amount and the demand amount is increasingly prominent, the phenomena of yellowing of young leaves, emaciation of plants, wilting of leaves and the like of the tomatoes due to calcium deficiency, and the adverse phenomena of navel rot, blight and the like cause huge impact on the yield and quality of the tomatoes, thereby seriously affecting the sustainable development of the facility tomato planting.
Meanwhile, continuous cropping obstacles of facility planting are also one of the important factors influencing tomato production. The soil environment of continuous cropping plants of vegetables such as tomatoes and the like in a facility field changes greatly all year round, the soil is often in the environment with high temperature, high humidity, high evaporation and no rainwater leaching, the soil environment is gradually worsened over time, harmful microorganisms in the soil are greatly increased, soil-borne diseases are frequent, and the sustainable development of facility tomato production is seriously threatened.
Therefore, the application of the effective calcium fertilizer aiming at the facility tomato planting is very important, the calcium fertilizer can reasonably supplement calcium nutrition required in the tomato growth process, reduce the problems of quality and yield caused by calcium deficiency in the facility tomato planting, simultaneously can effectively improve the soil structure, relieve continuous cropping obstacles, protect the ecological environment of facility lands, and has important significance for the sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem of crop quality and yield reduction caused by the deficiency of calcium in the existing facility tomato planting, the invention aims to provide a biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively improve the quality and yield of tomatoes, reduce the occurrence probability of diseases, effectively adjust the pH value of soil, increase the porosity of the soil, optimize the microbial activity of the facility soil and have a good facility soil remediation function.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25-50 parts of seaweed slurry, 25-50 parts of calcium sulfate suspension, 15-25 parts of actinomycete culture solution, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, 15-25 parts of yeast culture solution and 10-25 parts of honey.
Preferably, 38 parts of seaweed pulp, 38 parts of calcium sulfate suspension, 20 parts of actinomycete culture solution, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, 20 parts of yeast culture solution and 18 parts of honey. Because the proportion of the raw materials is close to 2.1: 1: 1.1, the obtained conditioner (namely the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer) is moderate in viscous state, has the most obvious effect of supplementing calcium in soil and can achieve the best conditioning effect.
The seaweed paste is prepared by washing fresh seaweed with clear water, cutting into blocks of 1-3 cm, and sterilizing in a high-temperature box at a temperature of above 100 ℃; soaking in deionized water for 1 day; putting the seaweed into a wall breaking machine, adding deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and fully crushing the seaweed into colloid; and filtering impurities with filter cloth to obtain seaweed slurry.
The concentration of the calcium sulfate suspension is 5%, 50 g of calcium sulfate (analytically pure) is weighed in a 100 ml beaker, deionized water is added and heated to be dissolved, finally the volume is determined to be 1000 ml in a volumetric flask, and the mixture is fully oscillated and mixed uniformly.
The actinomycete culture solution needs a fermentation starch agar culture medium which contains 2g of soluble starch, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.05g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.05g of sodium chloride, 0.05g of magnesium sulfate, 0.001g of ferrous sulfate, 2g of agar and 100m of water L, the starch is firstly placed in a beaker, mixed into paste by 5m of L of water, poured into 95m of L of water, stirred evenly and added with other raw materials to dissolve the raw materials, marks are made outside the beaker when the raw materials are heated to be boiled, the agar is added without stopping stirring, the agar is completely dissolved, the water loss is compensated, the pH value is adjusted to 7.2-7.4, and the actinomycete culture solution is sterilized under high pressure for 30min after subpackaging.
The lactic acid bacteria culture solution needs to be prepared from 10g of peptone, 10g of meat extract, 5g of yeast extract, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 2g of triammonium citrate, 5g of sodium acetate, 20g of glucose, and tween-801 m L4·4H2O 0.25g，MgSO4·7H2O0.58g, agar 20g, sterilized CaCO310g of distilled water 1000m L, adjusting the pH value to 6.2-6.4, sealing the mixture, putting the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilizing pot at 121 ℃, and sterilizing for 15min to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
The yeast culture solution is prepared by peeling and cleaning glucose 20g, agar 20g, distilled water 1000m L and potato 20g, cutting into small pieces, boiling in 1000m L water for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze to obtain potato juice, adding water, adding sugar, dissolving, adjusting pH to natural, sealing, placing in a 121 deg.C high-pressure steam sterilizing pan, and sterilizing for 15 min.
A preparation method of a biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the cold-stored actinomycete culture solution, lactic acid bacteria culture solution and yeast culture solution at a ratio of 1:1, and culturing in a culture tank at a temperature of no more than 35 deg.C for 5 days;
(2) stirring and mixing the culture mixed solution obtained in the step (1), seaweed pulp and honey according to the weight part ratio, adding 5% calcium sulfate suspension while stirring, and fully shaking up to observe that white calcium sulfate particles are separated out from the liquid;
(3) and (3) putting the material obtained by mixing in the step (2) into a rotary table at a speed of 120-180 r/min under a closed condition for fermentation, setting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, observing that white granular substances are gradually reduced in the experimental process, stopping ventilation and stirring after 3-5 days until the white granules are completely dissolved, and controlling the fermentation time to be about one week. The prepared biological seaweed calcium fertilizer is obtained.
The application method comprises the following steps: the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer is 80 kg-100/hm2The application is divided into 3 times, and the application is respectively 30kg/hm of basal application2The soil is uniformly spread on the surface of the soil in combination with the ploughing and application of the soil, so that the soil and the soil are uniformly mixed, the depth is 0-20 cm, and 100kg/hm of soil is respectively applied in holes every 20 days2As an additional fertilizer for 2 times.
Has the advantages that: the beneficial effects of the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer are mainly reflected in 4 aspects:
(1) calcium nutrition required by the tomatoes is supplemented: calcium is an important mineral element for resisting the infection of pathogens and reducing the occurrence of diseases. Calcium required in the growth process of the tomatoes is supplemented in time, so that the activity of various enzymes in the tomatoes can be improved, and the disease resistance of the tomatoes is improved; calcium can neutralize excessive organic acid generated in the tomato metabolic process, and has an important effect on stabilizing the intracellular environment; after the calcium supply is enhanced, the transportation function of organic matters is also enhanced, and the output of sugar is rapidly enhanced. The seaweed pulp can also effectively promote the tomato to absorb calcium nutrition, strengthen nutrient transportation and improve the Vc content and sugar-acid ratio of the tomato.
(2) Improving the microbial environment of soil: the lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes have strong bactericidal activity, and can inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms and the putrefactive decomposition of organic substances. Meanwhile, the lactobacillus can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria causing continuous cropping obstacle. The yeast can produce bioactive substances for promoting bacteria division, continuously synthesize substances effective to crops, and secrete hormone physiological active substances capable of promoting root growth and cell division. At the same time, yeasts also play an important role in the production of mechanisms that promote the proliferation of other effective microorganisms.
The seaweed pulp can activate various microorganisms in the soil through plants, and the microorganisms can play a role of a catalyst in plant-microorganism metabolite circulation, so that the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased, the biological activity of the soil is greatly improved, and the tomato growth and development are facilitated.
(3) Improving facility soil: the natural compound such as sodium alginate contained in the seaweed pulp is a natural soil regulator, can promote the formation of a soil aggregate structure, improve the internal pore space of the soil, coordinate the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, increase the biological activity of the soil, increase the release of available nutrients and effectively restore the ecological balance of facility soil.
(4) Convenient implementation, simple operation method, easily-obtained raw materials and low cost.
In conclusion, the invention adds calcium nutrition required in the growth process of facility tomato planting, promotes the growth and development of tomatoes, reduces diseases, effectively ensures the quality and yield of tomato planting, simultaneously adds nutrient substances required by soil, achieves the double effects of supplementing calcium and repairing soil, does not bring secondary pollution after the product is applied, and fully exerts the agricultural value of seaweed by secondary utilization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
the components and their contents of examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1 (wherein "parts" are parts by weight):
TABLE 1
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh seaweed with clear water, cutting into blocks of 1-3 cm, and sterilizing in a high-temperature box at a temperature of more than 100 ℃; soaking in deionized water for 1 day; putting into a wall breaking machine, adding deionized water according to the proportion of 1:3, and fully crushing the seaweed into colloid; and filtering impurities with filter cloth to obtain seaweed slurry.
(2) Weighing 50 g of calcium sulfate (analytically pure) in a 100 ml beaker, adding deionized water, heating and dissolving, finally metering the volume to a 1000 ml volumetric flask, and fully oscillating and uniformly mixing to obtain a calcium sulfate suspension with the concentration of 5%.
(3) The method comprises the steps of preparing a starch agar culture medium containing 2g of soluble starch, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.05g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05g of sodium chloride, 0.05g of magnesium sulfate, 0.001g of ferrous sulfate, 2g of agar and 100m of water L, putting starch into a beaker, mixing the starch with 5m of L of water to form paste, pouring 95m of L of water into the beaker, stirring the paste uniformly, adding other medicines into the beaker to dissolve the paste, marking the mark on the outside of the beaker, adding agar when the agar is boiled, stirring continuously, completely dissolving the agar, supplementing water, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4, subpackaging, and sterilizing the mixture under high pressure for 30min to obtain an actinomycete culture solution for later use.
(4) 10g of peptone, 10g of meat extract, 5g of yeast extract, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 2g of triammonium citrate, 5g of sodium acetate, 20g of glucose and Tween-801 m L4·4H2O 0.25g，MgSO4·7H20.58g of O, 20g of agar and sterilized CaCO310g of distilled water 1000m L, adjusting the pH value to 6.2-6.4, sealing the mixture and placing the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilization pot at 121 ℃, and sterilizing for 15min to obtain the lactic acid bacteria culture solution.
(5) Peeling and cleaning potato, weighing 20g, cutting into small pieces, boiling in 1000m L water for 20min, filtering with four layers of gauze to obtain potato juice, adding water, adding 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, dissolving, keeping pH natural, sealing, placing in a 121 ℃ high-pressure steam sterilization pot, and sterilizing for 15min to obtain the yeast culture solution.
(6) Mixing the actinomycete culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the yeast culture solution which are placed in a refrigeration way according to the ratio of 1:1, and then culturing for 5 days in a culture tank with the temperature not more than 35 ℃.
(7) Stirring and mixing the culture mixed solution obtained in the step (6) with seaweed pulp and honey according to the weight part ratio, adding 5% of calcium sulfate suspension while stirring, and fully shaking up to observe that white calcium sulfate particles are separated out from the liquid;
(8) and (3) putting the material obtained by mixing in the step (7) into a rotary table at a speed of 120-180 r/min under a sealed condition for fermentation, setting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, observing that white granular substances are gradually reduced in the experimental process, stopping ventilation and stirring after 3-5 days until the white granules are completely dissolved, and controlling the fermentation time to be about one week. The prepared biological seaweed calcium fertilizer is obtained.
Example 4 Performance test
Firstly, site selection: the research field test is carried out in the science and technology (118 degrees 46 '47' E, 31 degrees 43 '36' N) of Yangtze district of Jiangning city in 2019 and 3 months, belongs to the wet climate zone of northern subtropics, has the average rainfall time of 117d for many years, the average rainfall capacity of 1106.5mm for many years, the relative humidity of 76 percent, the average annual temperature of 15.4C and the frost-free period of 237d, and is the plum rain season from the late 6 months to the early 7 months every year. The soil texture in the area is yellow brown soil. The test is carried out in a plastic greenhouse, tomatoes are continuously planted in the greenhouse for more than 10a due to shortage of land resources and breeding requirements, and the soil is seriously malnutrition.
II, grouping:
comparative example 1: organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and calcium fertilizer are not applied. Tomatoes are planted and irrigated once every 10 days.
Comparative example 2: planting tomato, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and irrigating once every 10 days.
Experimental groups: planting tomato, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with the same amount as that of the fertilizer in the control example 2, and using the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer of the examples 1, 2 and 3 with the dosage of 80kg/hm2The application is divided into 3 times, and the application is respectively 30kg/hm of basal application2The soil is uniformly spread on the surface of the soil in combination with the ploughing and application of the soil, so that the soil and the soil are uniformly mixed, the depth is 0-20 cm, and 100kg/hm of soil is respectively applied in holes every 20 days2As an additional fertilizer for 2 times. Irrigate every 10 days.
Thirdly, a test method:
the cell adopts a random block design and is repeated for 3 times. The cell is a 5-ridge region, the row spacing is 0.60m, the plant spacing is 0.30m, the ridge length is 10.0m, and the cell area is 30.0m2. Harvesting 3 middle rows in each cell, removing 0.5m at two ends of each row, and measuring the production area to be 16.2m2Converted into kg/16.2m2The investigation and analysis items comprise cell yield, single fruit weight, single plant yield, navel rot incidence rate, vitamin C content, reducing sugar content, acidity, hardness and the like.
And (3) collecting a plough layer soil mixed sample for soil foundation fertility, and measuring the pH value, the porosity, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium.
The results obtained after the different test treatments are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, the effect of the experimental group was more remarkable than that of the control groups 1 and 2. After the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer provided by the invention is applied, the vitamin C content of tomato fruits is improved by about 60%, the reducing sugar content of tomatoes is increased, the titratable acid content is reduced, the incidence rate of the navel rot is obviously reduced and is kept below 0.8%, the tomato quality is obviously improved, and the yield is increased by about 20%. After the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer is applied, the pH value of the soil is obviously reduced, the porosity of the soil is increased by about 15%, the growth rate of the number of bacteria in the soil is higher than that of fungi, the number of rhizosphere microorganisms in the soil is enriched, and a microorganism flora is optimized, so that the effect of repairing the soil is achieved.
Further, the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer can supplement calcium nutrition required by tomato growth in a proper amount at proper time, so that the quality and the yield of tomatoes are improved, the occurrence probability of diseases is reduced, the pH value of soil is effectively adjusted, the porosity of the soil is increased, the microbial activity of facility soil is optimized, and the facility soil is further repaired.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for planting the facility tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of seaweed slurry, 25-50 parts of calcium sulfate suspension, 15-25 parts of actinomycete culture solution, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, 15-25 parts of yeast culture solution and 10-25 parts of honey; the mass volume concentration of the calcium sulfate suspension is 5%.
2. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for facility tomato planting according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of seaweed pulp, 38 parts of calcium sulfate suspension, 20 parts of actinomycete culture solution, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, 20 parts of yeast culture solution and 18 parts of honey.
3. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for tomato plantation in a facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seaweed slurry is prepared by sterilizing seaweed at high temperature, sterilizing, soaking, crushing and filtering; soaking the seaweed and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
4. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for tomato planting in a facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actinomycete culture solution is obtained by fermenting a starch agar culture medium containing 2g of soluble starch, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.05g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05g of sodium chloride, 0.05g of magnesium sulfate, 0.001g of ferrous sulfate, 2g of agar and 100m of water L, and is prepared by putting starch in a beaker, blending with 5m of L water to obtain a paste, pouring 95m of L water, stirring uniformly, adding other raw materials to dissolve, adding agar when heating to boiling, stirring, adding water after the agar is completely dissolved, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4, subpackaging, and autoclaving for 30 min.
5. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for tomato plantation in facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacteria culture solution is prepared from peptone 10g, meat extract 10g, yeast extract 5g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, triammonium citrate 2g, sodium acetate 5g, glucose 20g, Tween-801 m L4· 4H2O 0.25g，MgSO4· 7H20.58g of O, 20g of agar and sterilized CaC0310g of distilled water 1000m L, adjusting the pH value to 6.2-6.4, sealing the mixture, putting the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilizing pot at 121 ℃, and sterilizing for 15min to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
6. The biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for tomato planting in a facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the yeast culture solution is prepared by peeling and cleaning potato, cutting into small pieces, boiling in water according to the ratio of potato to water =20 g: 1000m L, filtering to obtain potato juice, adding water, adding glucose and agar for dissolution, sealing, and autoclaving.
7. The preparation method of the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for the planting of the facility tomatoes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing actinomycete culture solution, lactic acid bacteria culture solution and yeast culture solution at a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and culturing in a culture tank at a temperature of no more than 35 deg.C for 5 days;
(2) stirring and mixing the culture mixed solution obtained in the step (1), seaweed pulp and honey according to the weight part ratio, adding 5% calcium sulfate suspension while stirring, and fully shaking up to observe that white calcium sulfate particles are separated out from the liquid;
(3) putting the material obtained by mixing in the step (2) into a rotary table at a speed of 120-180 r/min under a closed condition for fermentation, setting the fermentation temperature to be 25 ℃, observing that white granular substances are gradually reduced in the experimental process, stopping ventilation and stirring after 3-5 days until the white granules are completely dissolved, and controlling the fermentation time to be about one week; the prepared biological seaweed calcium fertilizer is obtained.
8. The use method of the biological seaweed calcium fertilizer for planting tomatoes in a facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the use amount is 80 kg-100/hm2Applying the soil according to 3 times, namely applying 30kg/hm of soil on the basis respectively, uniformly scattering the soil on the surface of the soil in combination with soil turning and applying the soil, and uniformly mixing the soil and the soil, wherein the depth of 0-20 cm is obtained, and performing 100kg/hm of soil in a hole at intervals of 20 days respectively as 2 topdressing.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101691546A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2010-04-07 | 日照益康有机农业科技发展有限公司 | Liquid seaweed bio-fungus and preparation process thereof |
| CN102344814A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-02-08 | 日照益康有机农业科技发展有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil improving agent and its preparation method |
| CN102557797A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 河海大学 | Preparation method of compound microbial calcium agent |
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- 2020-03-17 CN CN202010186641.6A patent/CN111393237A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101691546A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2010-04-07 | 日照益康有机农业科技发展有限公司 | Liquid seaweed bio-fungus and preparation process thereof |
| CN102344814A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-02-08 | 日照益康有机农业科技发展有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil improving agent and its preparation method |
| CN102557797A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 河海大学 | Preparation method of compound microbial calcium agent |
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