CN111387343A - High-biological-activity feed additive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-biological-activity feed additive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111387343A CN111387343A CN201910280394.3A CN201910280394A CN111387343A CN 111387343 A CN111387343 A CN 111387343A CN 201910280394 A CN201910280394 A CN 201910280394A CN 111387343 A CN111387343 A CN 111387343A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a high-bioactivity feed additive and a preparation method thereof. A high-bioactivity feed additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of a bioactive material, 400-1000 parts of a carrier, 30-100 parts of edible oil and 4-20 parts of an adhesive, wherein the particle size of the carrier is 20-150 microns, the thermal conductivity of the carrier is less than or equal to 0.085 w/m.k (25 ℃), and the animal feed with the high-bioactivity feed additive is reasonably added, so that the absorption effect of cultured animals on nutrient components in the feed can be effectively improved, and the growth rate and disease resistance of the cultured animals are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a high-bioactivity feed additive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the feeding process of animals, how to improve the absorption of the animals to the effective components of the feed is vital, and for feed processing enterprises, one idea is to add probiotics and feed enzymes into basic feed individually or in a compound way, so that the absorption capacity of the animals to the nutrient texture is improved through the survival of the probiotics and the feed enzymes in the bodies of the animals, and the feed has a health-care function on the animals, thereby achieving the expected effect.
However, in actual operation, because different beneficial bacteria and bioactive substances produced by feed enzymes have different heat resistance limits, if the beneficial bacteria and the feed enzymes are added at the beginning of feed processing, because the processing temperature of the feed is generally 80-150 ℃ and the processing time is about 5-40 min, the biological activities of the beneficial bacteria and the feed enzymes can be rapidly reduced or even inactivated in the feed processing process, and cannot meet the actual use requirements, for example, lactic acid bacteria can be inactivated under the processing condition of 40-60 ℃ (general lactic acid bacteria are inactivated at the temperature higher than 40 ℃, enterococcus is inactivated at the temperature higher than 60 ℃), and bacillus cannot survive under the condition that the temperature exceeds 100 ℃ and the time is longer than 40 min; therefore, beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and bacillus cannot be applied to the shrimp and crab feed process and the expanded feed process.
The fermentation liquor is mixed with other components of the feed to obtain a product in a surface spraying mode, and the fermentation liquor contains a certain amount of water, so that beneficial bacteria are in an active state and are not dormant, and the survival rate of the feed is extremely low in the storage process; beneficial bacteria and feed enzymes easily cause feed mildew; when the liquid feed enzyme is mixed with protease, the protease may destroy other active substances, and the probiotics and the feed enzyme cannot be widely applied to the feed industry due to the limitation of the beneficial bacteria and the feed enzyme.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-bioactivity feed additive, an animal feed reasonably added with the high-bioactivity feed additive can effectively improve the absorption effect of animals on nutrient components in the feed, improve the growth rate of the animals, and provide a preparation method suitable for industrial production.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a high-bioactivity feed additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of a bioactive material, 400-1000 parts of a carrier, 30-100 parts of edible oil and 4-20 parts of an adhesive, wherein the particle size of the carrier is 20-150 microns, and the thermal conductivity of the carrier is less than or equal to 0.085 w/m.k (25 ℃).
Preferably, the bioactive material comprises probiotics, and the probiotics is one or more of bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, clostridium butyricum, yeast and the like. The bacillus has stronger protease, amylase and lipase activities, also has enzymes for degrading complex carbohydrates in the feed, can destroy cell walls of plant feed cells, promote release of nutrients of the cells, eliminate anti-nutritional factors in the feed and reduce barriers of the anti-nutritional factors to animal digestion and utilization; the lactobacillus can improve the intestinal immunity, promote gastric secretion and enhance the digestion function; degrading organic wastes such as residual bait, excrement and the like in the pond; the bait coefficient is reduced, and the culture period is shortened; inhibiting harmful bacteria in water; has extremely strong low oxygen-dissolving reproductive capacity; the clostridium butyricum can be set in the aquatic animal for 72 hours, repair the intestinal mucosa of the aquatic animal, prevent enteritis, and improve the problems of excrement dragging, floating and the like of the animal; increasing food intake and removing aflatoxin in the feed; the yeast has good feeding attraction and provides rich mycoprotein; the food intake of the animals is increased, and the rapid growth of the animals is promoted; the micro-ecological environment of the aquatic animals can be adjusted; improving the absorption and utilization rate of animals to the feed and enhancing the immunity.
Preferably, the bioactive material comprises feed enzyme, and the feed enzyme is one or more of glucose oxidase, phytase, protease, lysozyme, cellulase, lipase and the like. They have various physiological activities of helping digestion and absorption of feed, inhibiting and killing germs, viruses and the like.
Bioactive materials such as probiotics, feed enzymes and the like can effectively regulate water quality, have strong water purification capacity, inhibit harmful bacteria in water, reduce organic waste, purify suspended matters in water and improve the transparency of water.
The carrier forms a coating effect on bioactive materials such as probiotics, feed enzymes and the like, and edible oil is sprayed on the surfaces of the carrier and bioactive material particles, so that the steam ground penetration can be prevented, the bioactive materials are protected from being influenced by high-temperature and high-humidity processing conditions in the feed processing process, the feed additive with high bioactivity is ensured to be added at the beginning stage of feed processing, the bioactivity of the bioactive materials in the obtained feed finished product reaches more than 70%, the absorption effect of animals on nutrient components in the feed can be effectively improved, the growth rate and the health condition of the animals are improved, and the feed additive is the most ideal scheme for replacing feed antibiotics.
In a preferred scheme, the carrier is one or more of low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient materials such as silicate particles, hollow glass beads, zeolite powder particles and the like. The silicate particles can be selected from calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, sodium silicate and the like, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the silicate is 0.045-0.052 w/m.k (25 ℃), the thermal conductivity coefficient of the hollow glass beads can be selected from 0.025-0.04 w/m.k (25 ℃), the thermal conductivity coefficient of the zeolite powder is 0.02-0.025 w/m.k (25 ℃), neither the silicate particles nor the hollow glass beads can be digested by animals, and can be directly discharged along with excrement of animals, and the zeolite powder can relieve and prevent the toxic action of some compounds, heavy metals and ammonia in the digestive tract of the animals.
Preferably, the food additive further comprises 0.1-60 parts of trehalose by weight. The trehalose has the effects of protecting the integrity and the activity of cells and promoting the reactivation of dormant beneficial bacteria in a severe environment, and can protect the activity of the beneficial bacteria and feed enzymes from losing in the feed processing process.
Preferably, the edible oil is one or more of refined sunflower oil, sunflower seed oil, beef tallow, lard, wheat germ oil, corn germ oil and other edible oils with low thermal conductivity coefficient, wherein the thermal conductivity coefficient of the refined sunflower oil, sunflower seed oil, wheat germ oil and corn germ oil is 0.2-0.22 w/m.k (25 ℃), and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the beef tallow and lard is 0.18-0.2 w/m.k (25 ℃), and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the vegetable oil is far smaller than that of water, so that the biological activity of the bioactive material can be further improved during feed processing.
A preparation method of a high-bioactivity feed additive comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing, namely uniformly mixing the bioactive material, the adhesive and the carrier according to a proportion to prepare a mixture;
s2, preparing a granular material, adding water into the mixture, granulating, and drying to obtain the granular material, wherein the granulating and drying temperatures are both 40-60 ℃;
s3, wrapping oil, spraying the edible oil on the surface of the granules to enable the granules to absorb the edible oil, and thus obtaining the high-bioactivity feed additive.
The edible oil is mixed with the granules in a spraying mode, so that the edible oil can prevent the wet and hot steam from being absorbed by the bacteria and enzyme granules in the granulation process, and the protection effect on the bacteria and the enzyme is enhanced.
Preferably, in step S2, 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight of water is added to 1 part by weight of the mixture. The addition amount of the water is determined according to the properties of the materials and the requirements of the granulation process so as to meet the actual production requirements. Less water is beneficial to the prepared granular material with less water content, and the difficulty of the drying process is reduced.
Preferably, in the step S2, the particle size of the particle material is 0.3 to 1.5 mm. The feed intake of small aquatic animals such as crayfish is less, the particle size of the limited granular material is 0.3-1.5 mm, the effective intake of the high-biological-activity feed additive when crayfish eats can be guaranteed, namely the effective intake of probiotics and feed enzymes is guaranteed, and the effect of the probiotics and the feed enzymes is guaranteed to meet the established requirements.
An animal feed comprises the high-bioactivity feed additive. Due to the existence of the high-biological-activity feed additive, the absorption effect of animals on nutrient components in the feed can be effectively improved, the growth rate of the animals is improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the disease resistance of the animals is improved, and the water environment is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-bioactivity feed additive, the carrier forms a coating effect on bioactive materials such as probiotics and feed enzymes, and edible oil is sprayed on the surfaces of the carrier and the bioactive materials, so that the bioactive materials can be protected from being influenced by high-temperature processing conditions in the feed processing process, and the bioactivity of the bioactive materials in the feed finished product obtained after the high-bioactivity feed additive is added at the beginning stage of feed processing is ensured to be more than 70%.
2. The high-bioactivity feed additive provided by the invention has the advantages that silicate particles, hollow glass beads and zeolite particles cannot be digested by animals and can be directly discharged along with excrement of the animals.
3. The trehalose can protect the integrity rate and the biological activity of living cells under severe conditions, and is beneficial to improving the revival rate of beneficial bacteria.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the examples will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following embodiments 1 to 7, the bioactive materials refer to bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, clostridium butyricum, yeast, glucose oxidase, phytase, protease, lysozyme, cellulase and lipase in table 1; the edible oil refers to refined sunflower oil, sunflower seed oil, beef tallow, lard, wheat germ oil and corn germ oil in the table 1; the adhesive is purchased from animal feed adhesive produced by Dongyang commercial and trade company of jujube village.
Example 1
A high-bioactivity feed additive comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the silicate particles are calcium silicate particles, the particle size of the calcium silicate particles is 20-150 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the calcium silicate particles is 0.045-0.052 w/m.k (25 ℃).
Example 2
A high-biological-activity feed additive comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the particle size of zeolite powder particles is 20-80 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.02-0.025 w/m.k (25 ℃).
In the above embodiments 1-2, a high-bioactivity feed additive is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing, namely uniformly mixing the bioactive material, the carrier and the adhesive in proportion to prepare a mixture;
s2, preparing a granular material, adding water into the mixture, adding 0.2 part of water into 1 part of the mixture, granulating and drying to obtain the granular material with the grain diameter of 0.3-1.5 mm, wherein the granulating and drying temperatures are 40-46 ℃;
s3, wrapping oil, and spraying edible oil on the surfaces of the particles for 30 min-1 h to prepare the high-bioactivity feed additive.
Example 3
A high-bioactivity feed additive comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein silicate particles are magnesium silicate particles, the particle size of the magnesium silicate particles is 60-150 mu m, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the magnesium silicate particles is 0.45-0.6 w/m.k (25 ℃).
Example 4
A high-bioactivity feed additive comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the particle size of calcium carbonate particles is 20-150 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.045-0.052 w/m.k (25 ℃).
In the above embodiments 3 to 4, a high-bioactivity feed additive is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing, namely uniformly mixing the bioactive material, the carrier and the adhesive in proportion to prepare a mixture;
s2, preparing a granular material, adding water into the mixture, adding 0.05 part of water into 1 part of the mixture, granulating and drying to obtain the granular material with the particle size of 0.3-1.5 mm, wherein the granulating and drying temperatures are 56-60 ℃;
s3, wrapping oil, and spraying the edible oil on the surface of the granules to obtain the feed additive with high biological activity.
Example 5
A high-bioactivity feed additive comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the silicate particles are calcium silicate particles, the particle size of the calcium silicate particles is 50-150 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.045-0.052 w/m.k (25 ℃); the hollow glass beads have a particle size of 50-150 um and a thermal conductivity of 0.03-0.04 w/m.k (25 ℃).
Example 6
The feed additive with high biological activity comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the particle size of the hollow glass beads is 20-80 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.025-0.03 w/m.k (25 ℃).
Example 7
The feed additive with high biological activity comprises the components shown in the table 1 in parts by weight, wherein the particle size of the hollow glass beads is 20-80 um, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.025-0.03 w/m.k (25 ℃).
In the above embodiments 5 to 7, a high-bioactivity feed additive is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing, namely uniformly mixing the bioactive material, the carrier and the adhesive in proportion to prepare a mixture;
s2, preparing a granular material, adding water into the mixture, adding 0.15 part of water into 1 part of the mixture, granulating and drying to obtain the granular material with the grain diameter of 0.3-1.5 mm, wherein the granulating and drying temperatures are both 48-52 ℃;
s3, wrapping oil, and spraying the edible oil on the surface of the granules to obtain the feed additive with high biological activity.
TABLE 1 component proportions for examples 1 to 7
| Item (kg) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 |
| Bacillus | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 50 | 20 |
| Lactic acid bacteria | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 20 | 15 |
| Clostridium butyricum | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 40 | 10 | 5 |
| Yeast | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 5 |
| Glucose oxidase | 0 | 20 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Phytase | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Protease enzyme | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Lysozyme | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cellulase enzymes | 0 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Lipase enzyme | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Papain | 0 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Silicate particles | 700 | 0 | 400 | 0 | 500 | 0 | 0 |
| Calcium carbonate particles | 0 | 0 | 0 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hollow glass bead | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 500 | 700 | 800 |
| Zeolite powder particles | 0 | 600 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Adhesive agent | 8 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| Refining sunflower oil | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sunflower seed oil | 10 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Beef tallow | 20 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lard oil | 10 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wheat germ oil | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 30 | 0 |
| Corn germ oil | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 85 |
| Trehalose | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 40 | 60 |
In the experiment, the high-bioactivity feed additives of the examples 1 to 7 are mixed with 1000kg of basal feed, the mixture is divided into two groups for experiment, and the animal feed of the experiment groups 1 to 7 is produced at the temperature of 100 ℃;
and adding the same amount of untreated beneficial bacteria such as bacillus, lactobacillus, clostridium butyricum and saccharomycetes to the basic feed under the same condition as that of the experimental group 1-7 to obtain the animal feed of a control group 1, a control group 2, a control group 3, a control group 4, a control group 5, a control group 6 and a control group 7.
Testing the survival rates of beneficial bacteria in the experimental groups 1-7 and the control groups 1-7, weighing 1g of animal feed of the experimental groups 1-8 and the control groups 1-8 respectively during testing, measuring the total bacteria number by using a blood counting plate, and diluting by 107～108After multiplication, the dilution multiple is properly selected according to the actual living bacteria survival effect, the living bacteria are respectively cultured under the aerobic condition and the anaerobic condition, the number of the living bacteria obtained after the culture is tested, the results of more living bacteria under the aerobic condition and the anaerobic condition are taken for each group to be calculated, the survival rate of the beneficial bacteria is the number of the living bacteria/the total number of the bacteria, and the test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 survival rate of beneficial bacteria
| Item | Survival rate of beneficial bacteria (%) | Item | Survival rate of beneficial bacteria (%) |
| Experimental group 1 | 76 | Control group 1 | 4.2 |
| Experimental group 2 | 75 | Control group 2 | 3.6 |
| Experimental group 3 | 71 | Control group 3 | 2.5 |
| Experimental group 4 | 73 | Control group 4 | 2.8 |
| Experimental group 5 | 85 | Control group 5 | 0 |
| Experimental group 6 | 82 | Control group 6 | 0 |
| Experimental group 7 | 84 | Control group 7 | 0 |
The results of feeding 100 crayfish in the growth period at a rate of 3% of the weight of crayfish per day with the animal feeds of the experimental groups 1 to 7 and the control group 1 are shown in table 3, in which the feeding time per day is the same for each group, and the average weight of crayfish is compared after 15 days.
TABLE 3 average crayfish weight
According to the results, the high-biological-activity feed additive can effectively improve the absorption effect of animals on the nutrient components in the feed and can obviously improve the growth rate of crayfish.
Claims (10)
1. The high-bioactivity feed additive is characterized by comprising 100 parts by weight of bioactive materials, 400-1000 parts by weight of carriers, 30-100 parts by weight of edible oil and 4-20 parts by weight of adhesives, wherein the particle size of the carriers is 20-150 microns, and the thermal conductivity of the carriers is less than or equal to 0.085 w/m.k (25 ℃).
2. The feed additive with high bioactivity according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive material comprises probiotics, and the probiotics is one or more of bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, clostridium butyricum, yeast and the like.
3. The feed additive with high bioactivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bioactive material comprises feed enzyme, and the feed enzyme is one or more of glucose oxidase, phytase, protease, lysozyme, cellulase, lipase, etc.
4. The feed additive with high bioactivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier is one or more of silicate particles, hollow glass beads, zeolite powder particles and other materials with low thermal conductivity coefficient.
5. The feed additive with high bioactivity according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1-60 parts by weight of trehalose.
6. The feed additive with high bioactivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the edible oil is one or more of edible oil with low thermal conductivity such as refined sunflower oil, sunflower seed oil, beef tallow, lard, wheat germ oil and corn germ oil.
7. A method for preparing the highly bioactive feed additive according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing, namely uniformly mixing the bioactive material, the adhesive and the carrier according to a proportion to prepare a mixture;
s2, preparing a granular material, adding water into the mixture, granulating, and drying to obtain the granular material, wherein the granulating and drying temperatures are both 40-60 ℃;
s3, wrapping oil, spraying the edible oil on the surface of the granules to enable the granules to absorb the edible oil, and thus obtaining the high-bioactivity feed additive.
8. The method for preparing a feed additive with high bioactivity according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, 0.05-0.2 parts by weight of water is added to 1 part by weight of the mixture.
9. The method for preparing a feed additive with high bioactivity according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, the particle size of the granules is 0.3-1.5 mm.
10. An animal feed comprising the highly bioactive feed additive of claim 1.
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| CN105994954A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 杭州康德权饲料有限公司 | Microencapsulated microecological preparation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107080053A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-08-22 | 四川新华扬山野生物有限公司 | A kind of heat-resistance type coating bioactive substance and preparation method thereof |
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2019
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Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1615086A (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2005-05-11 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Granulates containing feed-enzymes |
| CN104928278A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-09-23 | 通威股份有限公司 | Preparation method for composite bacillus microcapsule preparations |
| CN105994954A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 杭州康德权饲料有限公司 | Microencapsulated microecological preparation and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |