CN111384360A - 金属离子电池 - Google Patents
金属离子电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111384360A CN111384360A CN201910444710.6A CN201910444710A CN111384360A CN 111384360 A CN111384360 A CN 111384360A CN 201910444710 A CN201910444710 A CN 201910444710A CN 111384360 A CN111384360 A CN 111384360A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- negative electrode
- halide
- ion battery
- current collector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 aluminum halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 10
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium chloride Substances Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxyacetic acid Substances CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本揭露提供一种金属离子电池,该金属离子电池可包含一负极、一正极、一隔离层、及一电解质,其中该正极以隔离层与该负极相隔,该电解质设置于该正极与该负极之间。该负极包含一负极集流体和一负极活性层,其中该负极集流体具有多孔结构,且该负极集流体直接接触该负极活性层的一表面。该电解质可包含一离子液体和一金属卤化物。本揭露的金属离子电池具有延长的电池寿命以及提高的快速充放电能力。
Description
技术领域
本揭露关于一种金属离子电池。
背景技术
近几年来,在全球对于电池的安全性高度关注下,铝离子电池的开发蓬勃发展。一般铝离子电池是由铝负极、隔离层(隔离膜)、正极及电解液所组成,在不断的充放电过程中,铝负极会因沉积/溶解不可逆并伴随着自腐蚀,使得铝负极面积不断消耗缩小,造成极片整体电流密度增加,进而导致电池芯局部发热、不可逆现象加剧,直接影响到电池寿命及电池性能。此外,为满足实际商业化应用的需求,铝离子电池快速充放电的效能仍需被进一步的提升。
因此,改善铝离子电池铝负极消耗的现象,以延长电池寿命以及提高快速充放电的效能,为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本揭露的目的在于提供一种金属离子电池,可以基本上改善现有技术中的铝离子电池铝负极消耗的现象,从而延长电池寿命以及提高快速充放电的效能。
根据本揭露实施例,本揭露提供一种金属离子电池,可包含负极、正极、隔离层、及电解质;其中正极以隔离层与负极相隔,电解质设置于正极与负极之间,且电解质可包含离子液体和金属卤化物;负极包含负极集流体和负极活性层,且负极集流体直接接触负极活性层的一侧表面,其中负极集流体具有多孔结构。
与现有技术相比,本揭露的优点在于:本揭露藉由使用包括多孔结构的集流体及高比表面积化的活性层组成的复合结构的负极,一方面可得到较佳的快速充放电特性,另一方面可提升负极表面电场的均匀度,延长电池的循环寿命。
附图说明
图1是本揭露一实施例所述金属离子电池的示意图;
其中,符号说明:
10 负极; 11 负极集流体;
12 负极活性层; 20 正极;
30 隔离层; 100 金属离子二次电池。
具体实施方式
以下针对本揭露所述的金属离子电池作详细说明。应了解的是,以下的叙述提供许多不同的实施例或例子,用以实施本揭露的不同样态。以下所述特定的元件及排列方式仅为简单描述本揭露。当然,这些仅用以举例而非本揭露的限定。此外,在不同实施例中可能使用重复的标号或标示。这些重复仅为了简单清楚地叙述本揭露,不代表所讨论的不同实施例及/或结构之间具有任何关联性。且在图式中,实施例的形状、数量、或是厚度可扩大,并以简化或是方便标示。再者,图式中各元件的部分将以分别描述说明之,值得注意的是,图中未绘示或描述的元件,为所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所知的形式,此外,特定的实施例仅为揭示本揭露使用的特定方式,其并非用以限定本揭露。
根据本揭露的实施例,金属离子电池包含一负极,该负极包含集流体和活性层,藉由使用多孔结构的集流体及高比表面积化的活性层的复合结构设计,一方面可得到较佳的快速充放电特性,另一方面可提升负极表面电场的均匀度,延长电池的循环寿命。
请参照图1,是本揭露一实施例所述的金属离子电池的示意图。金属离子电池100可包含一负极10、一正极20、一隔离层30、及一电解质(未绘示),其中隔离层30设置于负极10与正极20之间,以使负极10以隔离层30与正极20相隔,避免负极10与正极20直接接触,以及,电解质设置于正极10与负极20之间,以与负极10及正极20接触传导离子。
根据本揭露一实施例,上述负极10可包含一负极集流体11与一负极活性层12,负极集流体11直接接触负极活性层12的一表面。在一实施例中,上述负极10可由一负极集流体11与一负极活性层12所组成,负极集流体11直接接触负极活性层12的一表面。负极集流体11可具有多孔结构,例如3D网状结构或发泡结构。负极集流体11的材料可包含铝、镍、钼、钨、钽、碳、钛、铬、钴、锡、铅、铜、汞、金、银、铂、铍、铁、氮化钛、导电聚合物、或上述的组合。所述导电聚合物可例如为聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚对苯乙烯,以及它们的衍生物。在一实施例中,负极集流体11的材料可为氧化还原活性小于负极活性层12中的活性材料的导电材,举例来说,当负极活性层12中的活性材料为铝,则负极集流体11的材料可包含镍、钼、钨、钽、碳、钛、铬、钴、锡、铅、铜、汞、金、银、铂、铍、或铁。在一实施例中,负极集流体11可为镍网、泡沫镍、钼网、或泡沫钼。在一实施例中,负极集流体可具有一孔隙率约为10%至99.9%,例如50%至99.9%,孔隙率P的计算方式可以如下式所示:P=V1/V2×100%,其中V1是负极集流体中孔隙所占的体积、V2是负极集流体总体的体积。所述孔隙率的量测方式可例如通过孔隙率仪。
在一实施例中,上述负极活性层12可为一金属片材,金属片材可包含钠、钾、铝、镁、锌、上述的合金、或上述的组合。在一实施例中,金属片材是由钠、钾、铝、镁、或锌所组成。在一实施例中,前述负极集流体的材料的氧化还原活性小于该金属片材。在一实施例中,该金属片材表面具多孔结构,且单位面积比容值(specific capacitance per unitarea)可大于0.5μF/cm2,例如0.6μF/cm2至600μF/cm2。相较于表面光滑的金属片材,具多孔结构的同类金属片材的比表面积会比较高,而且单位面积比容值(specific capacitanceper unit area)也会提高,因此可由金属片材的单位面积比容值的变化来代表金属片材比表面积的变化。所述单位面积比容值的量测方式可例如依EIAJ RC-2364A的试验方法。在一实施例中,该金属片材的厚度可为1微米至10,000微米,例如10微米至5,000微米。可视需要或用途调整金属片材的厚度,例如,当金属片材的比表面积较高,可增加金属片材的厚度,以避免容易破片。上述金属片材表面的多孔结构可经由加工得到,加工方法可例如表面研磨、等离子体(plasma)处理、铸造法、发泡法、沉积法、烧结法等。在一实施例中,可经由将上述金属片材与负极集流体直接焊接或压合而得到含有负极集流体与负极活性层(金属片材)的负极,且负极集流体与负极活性层(金属片材)的一侧表面直接接合。上述压合的方式可例如为碾压、滚压、或油压。在一实施例中,上述金属片材的一侧表面配置一负极集流体,所形成的负极结构为负极集流体/负极活性层(金属片材)。在一实施例中,上述金属片材的二侧表面各配置一负极集流体,所形成的负极结构为负极集流体/负极活性层(金属片材)/负极集流体。
在一实施例中,上述负极活性层12可为一膜层,该膜层可包含金属粉体。藉由使用金属粉体,可提高接触的表面积。金属粉体可包括钠、钾、铝、镁、锌、上述的合金、或上述的组合。在一实施例中,前述负极集流体的材料的氧化还原活性小于该金属粉体。金属粉体的粒径可为1微米至50微米,例如1微米至40微米,又例如4微米至20微米。上述膜层可进一步包含粘着剂,粘着剂可为羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)、丁苯橡胶(styrene butadiene rubber,SBR)、聚丙烯酸(poly(acrylic acid),PAA)、或聚四氟乙烯(polyvinylidence fluoride,PVDF)。金属粉体与粘着剂的重量比例可为0.5:99.5至99.5:0.5。在一实施例中,可将上述的金属粉体和粘着剂与一溶剂搅拌均匀成浆料,然后将浆料涂布于负极集流体的所有表面或部份表面,干燥后即可得到含有负极集流体与负极活性层(膜层)的负极,且负极集流体与负极活性层的一表面直接接合。使用的溶剂与其用量没有特别限制,只要能分散金属粉体与粘着剂即可,溶剂的种类可例如为水、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl pyrrolidinone,NMP)、异丙醇、或邻苯二甲酸(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)。
在图1的金属离子电池示意图中,负极10可包含一负极集流体11与一负极活性层12,负极集流体11配置于负极活性层12与隔离层30之间,但本揭露并不限于此,亦可调整位置,例如,在另一实施例中,负极活性层12可配置于负极集流体11与隔离层30之间。在一些实施例中,负极10是由负极集流体11与负极活性层12所构成。
在一实施例中,上述正极20可包含一正极活性层和一正极集电层。该正极活性层可包含正极活性材料,该正极活性材料可为层状活性材料。在一实施例中,该层状活性材料可包含石墨、纳米碳管、石墨烯、或上述的组合。在一实施例中,该正极活性层可进一步包含粘着剂,该粘着剂可例如为PAA、SBR、或CMC。该正极集电层可为导电性碳基材或泡沫镍。在一实施例中,该导电性碳基材可为碳布、碳毡、或碳纸。
在一实施例中,上述电解质可包含一离子液体和一金属卤化物,其中该金属卤化物与该离子液体的摩尔比例可为1.1:1至2.1:1,例如1.1:1至1.8:1。该金属卤化物可为卤化铝、卤化银、卤化铜、卤化铁、卤化钴、卤化锌、卤化铟、卤化镉、卤化镍、卤化锡、卤化铬、卤化镧、卤化钇、卤化钛、卤化锰、卤化钼、或上述的组合。在一实施例中,该金属卤化物为卤化铝。该离子液体可为烷基咪唑鎓盐(alkylimidazolium salt)、烷基吡啶鎓盐(alkylpyridinium salt)、烷基氟吡唑鎓盐(alkylfluoropyrazolium salt)、烷基三唑鎓盐(alkyltriazolium salt)、芳烷铵盐(aralkylammonium salt)、烷基烷氧基铵盐(alkylalkoxyammonium salt)、芳烷鏻盐(aralkylphosphonium salt)、芳烷锍盐(aralkylsulfonium salt)、或上述的组合。举例而言,当金属卤化物为卤化铝,离子液体可为氯化l-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓。上述电解质可进一步添加添加剂,以提高电导率且降低粘度,或可以其他方式变更离子液体电解质以得到有利于金属的可逆电沉积的组合物。在一实施例中,上述电解质可进一步包含尿素(urea)、乙酰胺(Acetamide)、氯化胆碱(Cholinechloride)、乙酰氯化胆碱(ethylchlorine chloride)、碱金族卤化物(alkali halide)、二甲基亚砜(Dimethyl sulfoxide)、或上述的组合。
在一实施例中,上述隔离层30可为玻璃纤维、聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)、聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)、无纺布、木质纤维、聚醚砜树脂(Poly(ether sulfones),PES)、陶瓷纤维、或上述的组合。
本揭露的金属离子电池的元件可包括负极、正极、隔离层、及电解质,其中该负极可包含负极活性层和负极集流体,电解质介于负极与正极之间。在一实施例中,金属离子电池可包含前述的负极活性层、负极集流体、正极、隔离层、及电解质,且各元件的排列顺序可为负极活性层/负极集流体/隔离层/正极,或者,可调整各元件的排列顺序,为负极集流体/负极活性层/隔离层/正极。在一些实施例中,亦可将电池各元件扩充做堆栈,例如,将各元件扩充排列为正极/隔离层/负极集流体/负极活性层/负极集流体/隔离层/正极,或是,正极/隔离层/负极活性层/负极集流体/负极活性层/隔离层/正极。负极活性层与负极集流体相对于其他元件不同的排列方式,可影响负极处电场的均匀性与金属离子溶解沉积的情形,进而影响电池的循环寿命。
为了让本揭露的上述和其他目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举数实施例及比较实施例,作详细说明如下:
比较例1:
首先,提供一光面铝箔(厚度为0.05mm,其中该铝箔的单位面积比容值为0.5μF/cm2),对其进行裁切,得到一负极(尺寸为35mm×70mm)。
接着,提供一正极(集电层(泡沫镍)上配置活性层(天然石墨),尺寸为35mm×70mm;以及,提供隔离层(玻璃纤维滤纸,商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)GF/C)。接着,依照负极/隔离层/正极的顺序排列,以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解液(氯化铝(AlCl3)/氯化l-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride、[EMIm]Cl)、其中AlCl3与[EMIm]Cl的摩尔比约为1.4:1),得到铝离子电池(1)。
接着,使用新威尔电子的充放电机(BST408-5V-10A)对比较例1所得的铝离子电池(1)进行充放电测试,分别以1C/1C、3C/3C、5C/5C、7C/7C、及10C/10C的充放电速率量测放电克电容量;另外,以1C/1C的充放电速率量测第1圈与第100圈的放电克电容量,计算电容量维持率,结果如表1所示。
实施例1:
首先,提供一光面铝箔(厚度为0.05mm,其中该铝箔的单位面积比容值为0.5μF/cm2),以及一泡沫镍(孔隙率约为99.8%),将铝箔与泡沫镍焊接结合,然后对其进行裁切,得到一负极(尺寸为35mm×70mm)。
接着,提供一正极(集电层(泡沫镍)上配置活性层(天然石墨)),尺寸为35mm×70mm。以及,提供隔离层(玻璃纤维滤纸,商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)GF/C)。接着,依照负极(铝箔/泡沫镍)/隔离层/正极的顺序排列,以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解液(氯化铝(AlCl3)/氯化l-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride、[EMIm]Cl)、其中AlCl3与[EMIm]Cl的摩尔比约为1.4:1),得到铝离子电池(2)。
接着,使用新威尔电子的充放电机(BST408-5V-10A)对实施例1所得的铝离子电池(2)进行充放电测试,分别以1C/1C、3C/3C、5C/5C、7C/7C、及10C/10C的充放电速率量测放电克电容量;另外,以1C/1C的充放电速率量测第1圈与第100圈的放电克电容量,计算电容量维持率,结果如表1所示。
实施例2:
首先,提供一光面铝箔(厚度为0.05mm,其中该铝箔的单位面积比容值为0.5μF/cm2),以等离子体对铝箔表面进行粗化处理,得到一单位面积比容值為420μF/cm2的粗化铝箔,接着,提供一泡沫镍(孔隙率约为99.8%),将铝箔与泡沫镍焊接结合,然后对其进行裁切,得到一负极(尺寸为35mm×70mm)。
接着,提供一正极(集电层(泡沫镍)上配置活性层(天然石墨)),尺寸为35mm×70mm。以及,提供隔离层(玻璃纤维滤纸,商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)GF/C)。接着,依照负极(粗化铝箔/泡沫镍)/隔离层/正极的顺序排列,以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解液(氯化铝(AlCl3)/氯化l-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride、[EMIm]Cl)、其中AlCl3与[EMIm]Cl的摩尔比约为1.4:1),得到铝离子电池(3)。
接着,使用新威尔电子的充放电机(BST408-5V-10A)对实施例2所得的铝离子电池(3)进行充放电测试,分别以1C/1C、3C/3C、5C/5C、7C/7C、及10C/10C的充放电速率量测放电克电容量;另外,以1C/1C的充放电速率量测第1圈与第100圈的放电克电容量,计算电容量维持率,结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1可得知,相较于比较例1,实施例1中电池在不同放电速率的克电容量与100圈@1C的电容量维持率均明显提升,显示负极加入使用具有多孔结构的负极集流体,对于提升快速充放电的特性与延长电池的循环寿命,均有明显的效果。而实施例2的结果显示,当进一步增加负极活性层的比表面积,可进一步提高快速充放电的特性与延长电池的循环寿命。
实施例3:
首先,将100克的铝粉(购自Alfa,平均粒径为20微米)、10克的CMC(购自日本纸)、1.5克的SBR(购自JSR)、及20克的水充分搅拌混合成浆料,接着,提供一泡沫镍(孔隙率约为99.8%),将浆料涂布于泡沫镍上,放入烘箱(70℃)干燥,然后取出对其进行裁切,得到一负极(尺寸为35mm×70mm)。
接着,提供一正极(集电层(泡沫镍)上配置活性层(天然石墨)),尺寸为35mm×70mm。以及,提供隔离层(玻璃纤维滤纸,商品编号为沃特曼(Whatman)GF/C)。接着,依照负极(泡沫镍/铝粉层)/隔离层/正极的顺序排列,以铝塑膜将其封装并注入电解液(氯化铝(AlCl3)/氯化l-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride、[EMIm]Cl)、其中AlCl3与[EMIm]Cl的摩尔比约为1.4:1),得到铝离子电池(4)。
接着,使用新威尔电子的充放电机(BST408-5V-10A)对实施例3所得的铝离子电池(4)进行充放电测试,分别以1C/1C、3C/3C、5C/5C、7C/7C、及10C/10C的充放电速率量测放电克电容量,量测结果分别是76.3mAh/g、65.0mAh/g、60.0mAh/g、54.2mAh/g、以及41.6mAh/g。
虽然本揭露已以数个实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本揭露,任何本技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本揭露的精神和范围内,当可作任意的更动与润饰,因此本揭露的保护范围当视后附的申请专利范围所界定者为准。
Claims (18)
1.一种金属离子电池,包含:
负极;
正极;
隔离层,其中该正极以该隔离层与该负极相隔;以及
电解质,设置于该正极与该负极之间,其中该电解质包含离子液体和金属卤化物;
其中该负极包含负极集流体和负极活性层,且该负极集流体直接接触该负极活性层的一表面,其中该负极集流体具有多孔结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极是由该负极集流体与该负极活性层所构成。
3.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极集流体的材料为镍、钼、钽、碳、钛、铬、钴、锡、铅、铜、汞、金、银、铂、铍、铁、氮化钛、导电聚合物、或上述的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极集流体的孔隙率为10%至99.9%。
5.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极集流体为镍网、泡沫镍、钼网、或泡沫钼。
6.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极活性层为金属片材,且该金属片材包括钠、钾、铝、镁、锌、上述的合金、或上述的组合。
7.如权利要求6所述的金属离子电池,其中该金属片材表面具多孔结构,且单位面积比容值大于0.5μF/cm2,且该片材的厚度为1μm至10,000μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中负极活性层为一膜层,且该膜层包含金属粉体,该金属粉体包括钠、钾、铝、镁、锌、上述的合金、或上述的组合,且该金属粉体的粒径为1μm至50μm。
9.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该负极集流体位于该负极活性层与该隔离层之间。
10.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该正级包含正极活性层和正极集电层。
11.如权利要求10所述的金属离子电池,其中该正极集电层为导电性碳基材。
12.如权利要求11所述的金属离子电池,其中该导电性碳基材为碳布、碳毡、或碳纸。
13.如权利要求10所述的金属离子电池,其中该正极活性层包含正极活性材料,该正极活性材料为层状活性材料,包含石墨、纳米碳管、石墨烯、或上述的组合。
14.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该金属卤化物与该离子液体的摩尔比例为1.1:1至2.1:1。
15.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该金属卤化物为卤化铝、卤化银、卤化铜、卤化铁、卤化钴、卤化锌、卤化铟、卤化镉、卤化镍、卤化锡、卤化铬、卤化镧、卤化钇、卤化钛、卤化锰、卤化钼、或上述的组合。
16.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该离子液体包含烷基咪唑鎓盐、烷基吡啶鎓盐、烷基氟吡唑鎓盐、烷基三唑鎓盐、芳烷铵盐、烷基烷氧基铵盐、芳烷鏻盐、芳烷锍盐、或上述的组合。
17.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该电解质还包含尿素、乙酰胺、氯化胆碱、乙酰氯化胆碱、碱金族卤化物、二甲基亚砜、或上述的组合。
18.如权利要求1所述的金属离子电池,其中该隔离层为玻璃纤维、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、无纺布、木质纤维、聚醚砜树脂、陶瓷纤维、或上述的组合。
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