CN111357716A - Method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
- C12P1/04—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using bacteria
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- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, mixing materials; secondly, extracting hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria, separating bacillus subtilis strains with high cellulase activity from hermetia illucens intestinal tracts, and culturing the bacillus subtilis strains to obtain bacillus subtilis colonies; thirdly, mixing and fermenting; fourthly, culturing the hermetia illucens and decomposing materials, adjusting the mixed material system after fermentation in the second step to be proper to the culture conditions of the hermetia illucens, and introducing the hermetia illucens larvae subjected to starvation treatment for 5 days for culture; fifthly, separating, namely separating to obtain hermetia illucens and feed residues after the culture is finished; the method for treating the straws by using the hermetia illucens can effectively decompose the straws and can improve the pupation rate of the hermetia illucens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens, and belongs to the technical field of hermetia illucens breeding and crop straw treatment.
Background
Rotten vegetables, fruits, bean curd residues and the like are common organic wastes in daily life of people, and the organic wastes pollute the environment and influence the appearance of the market; the organic matter and the water content are high, so that the organic matter and the water content are easily affected by microorganisms, and the phenomenon of decay and deterioration occurs; the longer the waste placement time is, the more serious the putrefaction phenomenon is; particularly in summer, the temperature is higher, the rot and deterioration are quicker, and a large amount of percolating water and malodorous gas are easy to generate at this time, so that mosquitoes and insects are bred, and the bad influence on the environmental sanitation is caused; the infiltration liquid generated when the organic waste is stacked enters the sewage treatment system, which can increase the content of organic matters, thereby increasing the burden of the sewage treatment plant and increasing the operation cost.
The straw is a general term of stem leaf (ear) part of mature crops; generally refers to the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, cotton, sugar cane and other coarse grain crops after harvesting the seeds; more than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, and are a multipurpose renewable biological resource.
The traditional method generally adopts composting, burning and landfill for treating organic wastes and crop straws, but the treatment mode still brings harm to the environment and can not completely treat the wastes; it is now the most popular subject of research to utilize these organic wastes as resources by means of biotransformation and to convert the wastes into resources that can be reused.
The black soldier fly is an important resource insect and an environment-friendly insect, can be used for biologically converting various organic wastes and crop straws, and simultaneously produces a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer and black soldier fly insect protein; the insect pest is not a sanitary pest and an agricultural pest, has higher conversion efficiency on organic wastes than diptera fly insects, has simpler production technology and low breeding cost, and is more and more concerned by people in recent years.
Therefore, organic waste and crop straws are subjected to resource treatment by the black soldier fly larvae, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste emission and straw burning can be effectively solved, and a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizer and black soldier fly insect protein can be converted and produced. However, when the black soldier fly is adopted to treat the straw in the prior art, the conversion efficiency is low, the conversion time is long, and the yield of the black soldier fly larvae is low; therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a new method for treating straws with hermetia illucens is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens, which comprises the steps of fermenting the straws by using bacillus subtilis strains in intestinal tracts of the hermetia illucens, and decomposing the straws by using hungry hermetia illucens, so that the straws can be effectively decomposed, and the pupation rate of the hermetia illucens can be improved.
The method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens comprises the following steps of:
firstly, mixing materials, harvesting and collecting straws, and crushing the straws to obtain straw particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm; then, sequentially putting the straw particles and the auxiliary materials into a fermentation tank with a stirrer for stirring and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
secondly, extracting hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria, separating bacillus subtilis strains with high cellulase activity from hermetia illucens intestinal tracts, and culturing the bacillus subtilis strains to obtain bacillus subtilis colonies;
thirdly, mixing materials and fermenting, namely adding bacillus subtilis colonies into a fermentation tank filled with the mixed materials, adjusting a system to a proper fermentation condition for fermentation, and fermenting the mixed materials by using bacillus subtilis; after fermentation, the materials are moved out of a storage tank, the storage temperature is controlled to be-20 ℃, and before use, the materials are unfrozen and added with water to adjust the moisture of the materials to 65-75%;
fourthly, culturing the hermetia illucens and decomposing materials, adjusting the mixed material system after fermentation in the second step to be proper to the culture conditions of the hermetia illucens, and introducing the hermetia illucens larvae subjected to starvation treatment for 5 days for culture;
and fifthly, separating, namely separating to obtain the hermetia illucens and the feed residues after the culture is finished.
Further, the straw comprises one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw and cotton straw.
Further, the auxiliary materials comprise rotten vegetables, fruits or bean curd residues, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary materials to the straw particles is 3: 1.
Further, the method comprises the following specific operation steps of extracting the hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria in the second step: cleaning 10-day-old black snake larvae with the average weight of 0.1g by using distilled water, soaking in 75% alcohol for 1 minute, then soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 minutes, finally cleaning by using sterile water, placing on a wax tray, dissecting the larvae under the aseptic condition, taking out intestinal tracts, placing in a mortar, adding 1ml of sterile water for grinding, and taking 100ul of grinding fluid for dilution; then, coating the diluent on a beef extract solid culture medium, and culturing for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 ℃; selecting a single colony, dibbling the single colony on a Congo red culture medium, culturing the colony for 2 days at 37 ℃, forming a transparent hydrolysis ring around the colony, and obtaining a bacillus subtilis with high cellulase activity through Congo red dyeing identification; then, the bacterial strain with the cellulase activity is repeatedly purified and cultured to obtain the bacillus subtilis colony.
Further, the concrete operation steps of the material mixing and fermentation in the third step are as follows: the mixed material and the bacillus subtilis colony are uniformly mixed, water is added into a fermentation tank to adjust the water content of the fermented material to 50-60%, forced ventilation is carried out by using a high-pressure fan, a stirrer is used for turning the fermented material at regular time, the fermented material is ensured to be in good contact with air, and sufficient oxygen is improved for the fermented material to carry out continuous aerobic fermentation.
Further, the fourth step of hermetia illucens cultivation and material decomposition comprises the following specific operation steps: taking out the material from the storage tank, thawing, adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 70%, then flatly paving the material in an incubator, wherein the paving thickness of the material is 4-9 cm, the temperature of the incubator is controlled to be 26-30 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the light environment L: D is 13:11, and then introducing the starved hermetia illucens larvae into the incubator to cultivate for 5-10 days according to the weight ratio of the material to the hermetia illucens larvae of 25: 2.
Further, the specific operation steps of the starvation treatment in the fourth step are as follows: weighing 3-4 days old larvae, placing in a uncapped centrifuge box for hunger treatment, sealing by adopting filter cloth and rubber band with good air permeability, adding water into the centrifuge box by adopting a sprayer every day, wherein the water content is determined according to the size of the larvae, and the water content height is not more than the thickness of a head worm; dead heads of larvae were counted periodically during starvation culture and dead individuals were removed.
Compared with the prior art, the method for treating the straws by using the hermetia illucens has the advantages that the straws are fermented by using the bacillus subtilis with high cellulase activity in intestinal tracts of the hermetia illucens, and cellulose in the straws is preliminarily decomposed; the black soldier fly larvae which suffer from hunger are adopted to decompose the straws, so that the straws can be effectively degraded, the conversion efficiency is improved, and the conversion time is shortened; and the feed can be promoted after re-feeding by carrying out starvation treatment on the hermetia illucens so that the nutrient level influences the expression of the hermetia illucens short neuropeptides, the prepupation weight and prepupation rate of hermetia illucens larvae after re-feeding are improved, and the breeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens comprises the following steps of:
firstly, mixing materials, harvesting and collecting straws, and crushing the straws to obtain straw particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm; then, sequentially putting the straw particles and the auxiliary materials into a fermentation tank with a stirrer for stirring and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
secondly, extracting hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria, separating bacillus subtilis strains with high cellulase activity from hermetia illucens intestinal tracts, and culturing the bacillus subtilis strains to obtain bacillus subtilis colonies;
thirdly, mixing materials and fermenting, namely adding bacillus subtilis colonies into a fermentation tank filled with the mixed materials, adjusting a system to a proper fermentation condition for fermentation, and fermenting the mixed materials by using bacillus subtilis; after fermentation, the materials are moved out of a storage tank, the storage temperature is controlled to be-20 ℃, and before use, the materials are unfrozen and added with water to adjust the moisture of the materials to 65-75%;
fourthly, culturing the hermetia illucens and decomposing materials, adjusting the mixed material system after fermentation in the second step to be proper to the culture conditions of the hermetia illucens, and introducing the hermetia illucens larvae subjected to starvation treatment for 5 days for culture;
and fifthly, separating, namely separating to obtain the hermetia illucens and the feed residues after the culture is finished.
The straw comprises one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw and cotton straw.
The auxiliary materials comprise rotten vegetables, fruits or bean curd residues, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary materials to the straw particles is 3: 1.
The method comprises the following specific operation steps of extracting the hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria in the second step: cleaning 10-day-old black snake larvae with the average weight of 0.1g by using distilled water, soaking in 75% alcohol for 1 minute, then soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 minutes, finally cleaning by using sterile water, placing on a wax tray, dissecting the larvae under the aseptic condition, taking out intestinal tracts, placing in a mortar, adding 1ml of sterile water for grinding, and taking 100ul of grinding fluid for dilution; then, coating the diluent on a beef extract solid culture medium, and culturing for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 ℃; selecting a single colony, dibbling the single colony on a Congo red culture medium, culturing the colony for 2 days at 37 ℃, forming a transparent hydrolysis ring around the colony, and obtaining a bacillus subtilis with high cellulase activity through Congo red dyeing identification; then, the bacterial strain with the cellulase activity is repeatedly purified and cultured to obtain the bacillus subtilis colony.
The concrete operation steps of the material mixing and fermentation in the third step are as follows: the mixed material and the bacillus subtilis colony are uniformly mixed, water is added into a fermentation tank to adjust the water content of the fermented material to 50-60%, forced ventilation is carried out by using a high-pressure fan, a stirrer is used for turning the fermented material at regular time, the fermented material is ensured to be in good contact with air, and sufficient oxygen is improved for the fermented material to carry out continuous aerobic fermentation.
The fourth step of black soldier fly cultivation and material decomposition comprises the following specific operation steps: taking out the material from the storage tank, thawing, adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 70%, then flatly paving the material in an incubator, wherein the paving thickness of the material is 4-9 cm, the temperature of the incubator is controlled to be 26-30 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the light environment L: D is 13:11, and then introducing the starved hermetia illucens larvae into the incubator to cultivate for 5-10 days according to the weight ratio of the material to the hermetia illucens larvae of 25: 2.
The specific operation steps of the starvation treatment in the fourth step are as follows: weighing 3-4 days old larvae, placing in a uncapped centrifuge box for hunger treatment, sealing by adopting filter cloth and rubber band with good air permeability, adding water into the centrifuge box by adopting a sprayer every day, wherein the water content is determined according to the size of the larvae, and the water content height is not more than the thickness of a head worm; dead heads of larvae were counted periodically during starvation culture and dead individuals were removed.
According to the method for treating the straws by using the hermetia illucens, disclosed by the invention, the straws are fermented by using the bacillus subtilis strain with high cellulase activity in intestinal tracts of the hermetia illucens, so that cellulose in the straws is preliminarily decomposed; the black soldier fly larvae which suffer from hunger are adopted to decompose the straws, so that the straws can be effectively degraded, the conversion efficiency is improved, and the conversion time is shortened; and the feed can be promoted after re-feeding by carrying out starvation treatment on the hermetia illucens so that the nutrient level influences the expression of the hermetia illucens short neuropeptides, the prepupation weight and prepupation rate of hermetia illucens larvae after re-feeding are improved, and the breeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is facilitated.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating straws by using hermetia illucens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, mixing materials, harvesting and collecting straws, and crushing the straws to obtain straw particles with the particle size of 1-2 cm; then, sequentially putting the straw particles and the auxiliary materials into a fermentation tank with a stirrer for stirring and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
secondly, extracting hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria, separating bacillus subtilis strains with high cellulase activity from hermetia illucens intestinal tracts, and culturing the bacillus subtilis strains to obtain bacillus subtilis colonies;
thirdly, mixing materials and fermenting, namely adding bacillus subtilis colonies into a fermentation tank filled with the mixed materials, adjusting a system to a proper fermentation condition for fermentation, and fermenting the mixed materials by using bacillus subtilis; after fermentation, the materials are moved out of a storage tank, the storage temperature is controlled to be-20 ℃, and before use, the materials are unfrozen and added with water to adjust the moisture of the materials to 65-75%;
fourthly, culturing the hermetia illucens and decomposing materials, adjusting the mixed material system after fermentation in the second step to be proper to the culture conditions of the hermetia illucens, and introducing the hermetia illucens larvae subjected to starvation treatment for 5 days for culture;
and fifthly, separating, namely separating to obtain the hermetia illucens and the feed residues after the culture is finished.
2. The method for processing hermetia illucens straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw comprises one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw and cotton straw.
3. The method for processing the straws with the hermetia illucens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjuvant comprises rotten vegetables, fruits or bean curd refuse, and the weight ratio of the adjuvant to the straw particles is 3: 1.
4. The method for processing the straws with the hermetia illucens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of the hermetia illucens intestinal bacteria extraction in the second step are as follows: cleaning 10-day-old black snake larvae with the average weight of 0.1g by using distilled water, soaking in 75% alcohol for 1 minute, then soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 minutes, finally cleaning by using sterile water, placing on a wax tray, dissecting the larvae under the aseptic condition, taking out intestinal tracts, placing in a mortar, adding 1ml of sterile water for grinding, and taking 100ul of grinding fluid for dilution; then, coating the diluent on a beef extract solid culture medium, and culturing for 24 hours in an incubator at 37 ℃; selecting a single colony, dibbling the single colony on a Congo red culture medium, culturing the colony for 2 days at 37 ℃, forming a transparent hydrolysis ring around the colony, and obtaining a bacillus subtilis with high cellulase activity through Congo red dyeing identification; then, the bacterial strain with the cellulase activity is repeatedly purified and cultured to obtain the bacillus subtilis colony.
5. The method for treating straws with hermetia illucens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete operation steps of the third step of mixing and fermenting are as follows: the mixed material and the bacillus subtilis colony are uniformly mixed, water is added into a fermentation tank to adjust the water content of the fermented material to 50-60%, forced ventilation is carried out by using a high-pressure fan, a stirrer is used for turning the fermented material at regular time, the fermented material is ensured to be in good contact with air, and sufficient oxygen is improved for the fermented material to carry out continuous aerobic fermentation.
6. The method for processing the straws with the hermetia illucens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete operation steps of the hermetia illucens cultivation and material decomposition in the fourth step are as follows: taking out the material from the storage tank, thawing, adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 70%, then flatly paving the material in an incubator, wherein the paving thickness of the material is 4-9 cm, the temperature of the incubator is controlled to be 26-30 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the light environment L: D is 13:11, and then introducing the starved hermetia illucens larvae into the incubator to cultivate for 5-10 days according to the weight ratio of the material to the hermetia illucens larvae of 25: 2.
7. The method for processing the straws with the hermetia illucens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of the starvation processing in the fourth step are as follows: weighing 3-4 days old larvae, placing in a uncapped centrifuge box for hunger treatment, sealing by adopting filter cloth and rubber band with good air permeability, adding water into the centrifuge box by adopting a sprayer every day, wherein the water content is determined according to the size of the larvae, and the water content height is not more than the thickness of a head worm; dead heads of larvae were counted periodically during starvation culture and dead individuals were removed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114437988A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-06 | 贵州医科大学 | Cellulose degrading bacteria, microbial inoculum, preparation method and application thereof, and method for degrading vinasse |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114437988A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-06 | 贵州医科大学 | Cellulose degrading bacteria, microbial inoculum, preparation method and application thereof, and method for degrading vinasse |
| CN114437988B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-05-23 | 贵州医科大学 | Cellulose degrading bacteria and microbial inoculum, preparation method, application and method for degrading distillers' grains |
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Application publication date: 20200703 |