CN111356578B - 焊接装置 - Google Patents

焊接装置 Download PDF

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CN111356578B
CN111356578B CN201880073467.5A CN201880073467A CN111356578B CN 111356578 B CN111356578 B CN 111356578B CN 201880073467 A CN201880073467 A CN 201880073467A CN 111356578 B CN111356578 B CN 111356578B
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heating element
welding
welding device
carrier
polymeric material
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CN111356578A (zh
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凯文·查佩尔
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Pinfield Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/861—Hand-held tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/30—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating
    • B29C73/34—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating for local heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0088—Blends of polymers
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适用于焊接聚合材料的焊接装置，并且特别是但不限于是那些薄的或脆的材料。根据本发明，存在一种用于沿着聚合材料的焊接区域焊接聚合材料的焊接装置。焊接装置包括用于向焊接区域供应热量以使聚合材料融化的载体，其中加热元件被布置成相对于载体在缩回配置和伸出配置之间往复运动，使得当元件从缩回配置移动到伸出配置时，加热元件熔化并且穿透聚合材料的表面，载体还包括沿着焊接区域尾随加热元件的被布置为将熔化的聚合材料限制在焊接区域中的尾接触表面。加热元件也被布置为相对于尾接触表面往复运动。

Description

焊接装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于焊接聚合材料的焊接装置，并且特别是但不限于是那些薄的或脆的材料。
背景技术
大型聚合物制品例如车辆保险杠或整流罩的维修存在重大问题。例如，如果保险杠损坏，则只需安装一个备用保险杠。但是，这既浪费又昂贵。此外，随着车辆的复杂性增加，保险杠可能包括许多传感器或其他部件，例如在维修期间需要转移到新保险杠上的接近传感器。然而，成本很快变得过高，并且随着保险由于修理相对简单的项目的费用而注销，车辆经常注销。传统的焊接技术不适用于修复许多不同的聚合材料。当聚合材料薄或脆时，这尤其相关。
此外，即使认为传统的焊接技术是合乎需要的，也存在许多不同的聚合物组成，其中不可能确定材料的组成以便选择合适的填料。因此，传统的焊接技术是不切实际的。
发明内容
本发明解决了上述问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，存在一种用于沿着聚合材料的焊接区域焊接聚合材料的焊接装置，该焊接装置包括载体和由载体承载的用于向焊接区域提供热量以引起聚合材料熔化的加热元件，其中加热元件被布置成相对于载体在缩回配置和伸出配置之间往复运动，使得当元件从缩回配置移动到伸出配置时，加热元件熔化并且穿透聚合材料的表面，载体还包括沿着焊接区域尾随加热元件的被布置为将熔化的聚合材料限制在焊接区域中的尾接触表面，其中加热元件也被布置为相对于尾接触表面往复运动。
这个焊接装置允许许多可能薄、脆并且先前不可能被焊接的聚合材料焊接至理想的标准。这意味着例如汽车保险杠之类的组件无需报废，而是可以维修的。能够实现沿着焊接区域的连续焊接。
此外，因为不需要填料，所以焊接装置不依赖于用户选择正确的填充材料。当需要焊接典型地包括多种组合材料的共混物的回收聚合材料时，这特别有利。
载体可沿焊接区域移动，因此，载体与聚合材料之间存在相对运动。载体优选在操作中相对于固定的聚合材料运动。
将理解的是，焊接区域可以包括两片聚合材料之间的连接。可替换地，焊接区域可以包括在聚合材料中的裂纹。焊接装置有利地用于焊接以并排方位提供的相邻聚合材料，其中焊接区域包围相邻的并排聚合材料的部分。相邻的材料可以相对于彼此定向在不同的平面中。每种相邻的材料都具有邻接边沿，并且焊接区域有利地包括延伸到各边沿的材料。根据该要求保护的发明的焊接装置可以被称为用于对接焊接的焊接装置。
焊接装置可以是便携式的，从而使得紧凑且易于使用该能够相对容易地进行操纵的装置以适应复杂的形状。
焊接装置优选地包括单个加热元件。
将理解的是，尾接触表面可以在运动方向上直接尾随于加热元件后面，和/或可以在运动方向上尾随于加热元件的侧面。
通过熔化和穿透聚合材料，融化的聚合材料在焊接区域中转移，以有效地回填由加热元件的往复运动的先前动作所形成的空间。
载体优选地还包括沿着焊接区域引导加热元件的先导接触表面。这提供了在使用时为载体提供稳定性的好处，从而可以更容易地遵循待连接材料的连接线。先导接触表面可以比尾接触表面具有更大的摩擦系数。这确保了先导接触表面和待连接材料之间的良好接触。
载体可以还包括用于通过先导接触表面供应热量的加热器元件。这能够被用于预热焊接区域，以减少焊接时间和提高焊接质量。
加热元件有利地相对于尾接触表面以钝角往复运动。这对于焊接装置的功能是有利的，因为加热元件有效地熔化并且向后推动融化的焊接材料。这个材料受到尾接触表面的约束，并且有效地填充了在先前的往复运动过程中由加热器元件的动作所留下的间隙。因此，聚合材料从往复式加热器元件沿着焊接区域向后转移，以填充焊接区域，并且使聚合材料在断层或连接处的任一侧均质化。
钝角有利地在100度和135度之间，并且甚至更有利地在110度和120度之间。
焊接装置优选地包括可操作以响应于单个输入而引起加热元件的多次往复运动的致动器。致动器优选地是用户输入，例如触发器。因此，在施加用户输入时，要么在单次致动和释放时输出多个往复运动，或者优选地，在用户输入的持久且单一的操作时输出多个往复运动。例如，这可以通过以下方式实现：将触发器保持在压下的配置，从而引起加热元件的重复往复运动，因此，当在焊接件和载体之间存在相对运动时，可以沿着焊接区域产生焊接点。
焊接装置可以还包括用于控制由加热元件所输出的热量的温度控制系统。温度控制系统优选地被配置为当加热元件在处于缩回配置和处于伸出配置时都使加热元件被加热。温度控制系统优选地被配置为监测从加热元件输出的热量，并且根据所测得的热量输出来调节对加热元件的输入。因此，能够主动地调节对加热元件的热输出的调节，从而确保焊接质量的一致性。例如，可以通过经由被提供在加热元件中的加热丝以电参数的形式改变输入来进行调节。
焊接装置可以包括用于选择由加热元件所供应的热量的用户可操作输入。温度控制系统可以被配置为将热量输出保持为用户选择的热量输出，从而再次确保沿着整个焊接区域实现一致的热量输出，从而确保焊接质量的一致性。焊接装置可以包括用于存储相应的聚合材料的温度数据的数据存储装置。因此，用户可以输入待焊接材料的聚合物详细信息以及所提供的适当温度。
加热元件优选地被布置成在伸出配置中从载体突出了突出距离，并且焊接装置可以被配置为使得能够调节突出距离。因此，能够进行加热元件的深度控制，这有利于根据待焊接材料的厚度来控制和调节突出距离。对于焊接较厚的材料，增加突出距离是有利的。在使用过程中可以主动控制突出距离。
加热元件有利地延伸到头部，其中头部具有圆形、半圆形、菱形或正方形轮廓。在使用半圆形头部轮廓的情况下，笔直边沿是头部沿焊接区域的运动方向的尾随边沿。
载体可以包括具有尾接触表面的脚部和用于容纳加热元件的壳体，并且其中在多个操作位置之间壳体相对于脚部的位置是可调节的。其优点在于，通过改变壳体相对于脚部的位置，也可以改变加热元件相对于脚部的角度。这对于与待焊接的不同聚合材料和/或待焊接的不同厚度的聚合材料一起使用是有益的。优选地提供一种将壳体相对于脚部固定在多个操作位置的装置，这意味着壳体与加热元件之间的相对角度可以被改变并且被固定为以期望的角度使用。
载体可以包括用于由用户抓握的手柄装置。因此，可以沿着焊接区域在焊接方向上拉动焊接装置。
可以提供旋转地安装的元件，例如一个或多个轮，以使得载体能够沿着焊接区域旋转运动。因此，焊接装置可以由用户或由机械以受控的方式沿着焊接区域容易地推动或拉动。
载体优选地包括用于容纳加热元件的壳体，并且其中，优选地在壳体和加热元件之间设置有分隔间隙。分隔间隙优选地是空气间隙。提供分隔间隙以减少从加热元件到壳体的热传递，其中壳体可以由操作者抓住。
同样根据本发明，存在一种焊接聚合材料的方法，该方法包括使载体相对于聚合材料沿着聚合材料的焊接区域移动，其中，该载体载有用于向焊接区域提供热量以使聚合材料熔化的加热元件，使加热元件相对于载体在缩回配置和伸出配置之间往复运动，使得当加热元件从缩回配置移动到伸出配置时，加热元件熔化并且穿透聚合材料的表面，及将融化的聚合材料限制为沿焊接区域尾随加热元件。
应当理解，载体沿焊接区域移动。优选地，载体在物理上运动，而聚合材料保持固定。
该方法优选地按以下顺序操作：
-将加热元件伸出至熔化并且穿透聚合材料的表面的伸出配置；
-将加热元件缩回至缩回配置；
-使聚合材料和载体沿焊接区域相对运动；
及，随后沿着焊接区域重复该顺序。
该方法优选地包括以并排方位提供相邻聚合材料，其中焊接区域包围相邻的并排聚合材料的部分。
该方法优选地控制加热元件的运动，使得加热元件以较慢的速度运动或在伸出配置处或其附近暂停运动。优选地，加热元件的运动在伸出配置处被暂停，以使增加的热传递到焊接区域。
根据本发明的焊接装置可以用于焊接多种聚合材料，非穷举性清单包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、ABS和聚碳酸酯、PVC和聚酰胺。这些材料的其他共混物也可以焊接。这避免了使填充材料与待焊接的各材料匹配的复杂要求，这对于共混材料而言尤其困难。聚丙烯和共混聚丙烯的焊接具有显着的优势，例如广泛用于车辆中的保险杠和支架，这些保险杠和支架用于安装为复杂而昂贵的零件的照明设备。
附图说明
现在将仅通过示例方式参考附图描述本发明的各方面，其中：
图1a和图1b是本发明的示例性实施例的示意性截面图和透视图；图1a还示出了根据示例性实施例的焊接装置的一部分，其中没有待焊接的聚合材料；
图2a和图2b是本发明的示例性实施例的示意性截面图和透视图；
图3是本发明的示例性实施例的侧视截面图和底视图的另一示意图；
图4是本发明的示例性实施例的侧视截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，有一种用于焊接聚合材料的焊接装置2，其包括可沿聚合材料8a、8b的待连接或待修复的焊接区域6移动的载体4。加热元件10由载体4承载，用于向焊接区域6提供热量以使聚合材料熔化。箭头12表示加热元件10的往复运动方向，并且在图1a中以伸出配置示出。载体还包括沿焊接区域尾随加热元件10的被布置成将融化的聚合材料限制在焊接区域中的尾接触表面14。尾接触表面14由脚部16承载，并且在示例性实施例中，脚部16自用于容纳加热元件10的壳体18突出。
将理解的是，可以通过多种方式来加热加热元件，例如嵌设在加热元件10中的电阻加热元件。应当理解，加热元件10相对于尾接触表面14往复运动，进而相对于脚部16往复运动。
可由脚部16或载体的壳体的一部分提供的尾接触表面14可以包括加热或冷却系统以增强焊缝的光洁度。还可以提供缓震的辊或刀片，其中提供辊或刀片以改变焊缝的外观。例如，辊或刀片可以使焊缝光滑，从而减少了所需的后续处理。可替换地或额外地，可以提供一个或多个传感器以将热数据传送到控制系统，以主动修正操作参数，例如加热元件温度或加热元件的穿透深度。另外，可以提供检测焊接质量的设备，例如用于检测焊缝中的缺陷或空隙的飞行时间测量设备。
载体还包括被布置为沿着焊接区域6引导加热元件10的先导接触表面22。这个先导接触表面22形成脚部16的一部分并且可以自壳体18向前突出。先导接触表面22具有用于通过提供粗糙表面而抓握在待焊接材料上的表面结构。粗糙表面可以包括多个突出部24，以与焊接区域6的材料接合。可以提供加热器元件(未示出)以通过先导接触表面22提供热量。这用于在加热元件10的动作之前预热焊接区域，以减少加热元件10往复运动所需的时间并改善焊接质量。可以独立于加热元件10的温度来控制先导接触表面的温度。
示出了加热元件10相对于尾接触表面14以钝角往复运动。这意味着，随着焊接区域6中的聚合材料被加热和穿透，加热元件10向后推动融化材料并回填焊接区域。钝角在100度和135度之间，并且甚至优选地在110度和120度之间。如下所述，可以通过改变由头部26所提供的驱动表面的角度来改变要求的钝角。因此，通过提供驱动表面的形状来有效地减小加热元件的钝角，该驱动表面被成形为通过头部的驱动表面的斜切而相对于焊接区域打开驱动表面。
加热元件伸出到头部26，其中头部26包括以附图标记26表示的驱动表面，该驱动表面优选地在焊接区域中沿载体和焊接区域的相对运动的方向向后加热和推动融化材料。头部以及驱动表面可以采取各种形式，例如仅作为示例的圆形、半圆形、菱形或正方形轮廓，它们各自提供略微不同的焊接轮廓。
加热元件被布置成在伸出配置中从载体突出了突出距离，并且焊接装置可以被配置为能够调节突出距离。这能够通过图中未示出的各种简单的装置来实现，通过将加热元件相对于壳体18重新定位，以在操作中控制从壳体18伸出的突出。这使得能够合适地焊接不同厚度的材料。
现在参考图2a和图2b，示出了根据示例性实施例的焊接装置，并且该焊接装置被成形为手持式。提供壳体30，其被布置为位于操作者的手中。致动器31可操作以响应于输入而使加热元件往复运动。优选地，通过致动器31的连续下压而引起多次往复运动，其可以是采用触发器的形式。
现在参照图3，载体4包括具有尾接触表面的脚部32，并且在这个实施例中包括先导接触表面22，其中通过提供一种用于在多个操作位置上将壳体相对于脚部固定的装置，在该多个操作位置之间，壳体18相对于脚部的位置可调节。这种机制能够使壳体18以及加热元件10相对于脚部32倾斜，并且允许通过固定元件34固定在适当的位置。在图3的实施例中，还有灯36以辅助操作。
参照图4的实施例，尾接触表面邻近加热元件10的任一侧，并且提供了另外的稳定部分38，以使焊接装置稳定在焊接区域6的任一侧。这样的实施例对于焊接非共面的材料的两个部分8a、8b是有利的。
将理解的是，所呈现的任一实施例可以还包括旋转安装的元件，用于使载体能够沿着焊接区域旋转运动，例如一个或多个轮。这有助于沿着焊接区域拉动焊接装置。
在简化的焊接装置2中，加热元件10的温度可以设置为单个预定温度，或可替换地，温度可以由操作员基于他们在判断待焊接材料的厚度和待焊接材料方面的经验来选择。可替换地，焊接装置可以包括数据存储装置和处理器，其中存储了针对待焊接的不同材料的适当的温度设置。操作员可以选择适当的焊接材料，然后将加热元件10加热到所需温度。此外，可以允许输入材料厚度，以便在确定加热元件温度时考虑到这一点。
在另一个实施例中，加热元件温度的选择可以是自动化的。在这样的实施例中，可以提供第一传感器以确定环境温度。然后加热元件的温度能够考虑这个读数，因此对于较高的环境温度，可以相应地降低加热元件的温度。可替换地或额外地，焊接装置可以包括邻近尾接触表面的传感器或第二传感器。该第二传感器可以获取表示温度的读数，并且将其与为加热元件10设置的温度进行比较，这个信息用于控制加热元件10的温度和/或如果适用，控制轮在焊接区域6上的移动速度。
将理解的是，在所呈现的任一实施例中，焊接装置可以被结合到自动化机器中，然而，焊接装置是手持的并且可以适当地遵循焊接区域的轮廓是有益的。
在操作中，通过手动或自动操作沿着聚合材料的焊接区域拉动载体，并且其中加热元件向焊接区域提供热量以通过在缩回配置和伸出配置之间的重复往复运动使聚合材料熔化。当加热元件从缩回配置移动到伸出配置时，加热元件熔化并穿透待修复的聚合材料的焊接区域的表面。同时，融化的聚合材料的流动受到沿焊接区域的尾随于加热元件的尾接触表面的限制。这可以在附图中看到，例如通过图1a中的焊接材料50的柱。
在操作中，本发明提供了许多有益的特征。一个重要的特征是提供了尾接触表面，该尾接触表面可以由尾脚部承载。通过单独使用加热元件，存在融化聚合物膨胀，然后由于热量和加热元件的推力的作用而扩散到预期的焊接区域之外。然而，尾接触表面阻止了这种情况，并且确保了往复运动的加热元件的先前动作所留下的区域被融化的聚合材料填充。这意味着加热元件和尾接触表面共同作用，以填充先前操作留下的空间。使用这个技术可确保出色的焊接质量和焊接均匀性。焊接完成后，只需通过打磨就可以对焊缝进行亮光处理(light finishing)以提供光滑的表面。
仅通过示例的方式描述了本发明的各方面，并且本领域技术人员将理解，可以在不脱离所附权利要求提供的保护范围的情况下进行修改和变化。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于沿着聚合材料的焊接区域焊接所述聚合材料的焊接装置，所述焊接装置包括载体及由所述载体承载的用于向所述焊接区域供应热量以使所述聚合材料熔化的加热元件，其中所述加热元件被布置成相对于所述载体在缩回配置和伸出配置之间往复运动，使得当所述元件从所述缩回配置移动到所述伸出配置时，所述加热元件熔化并且穿透所述聚合材料的表面，所述载体还包括沿着所述焊接区域尾随所述加热元件的被布置为将熔化的聚合材料限制在所述焊接区域中的尾接触表面，其中所述加热元件也被布置为相对于所述尾接触表面往复运动；所述载体还包括沿着所述焊接区域引导所述加热元件的先导接触表面，所述载体还包括用于通过所述先导接触表面供应热量的加热器元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述焊接装置用于焊接以并排方位提供的相邻聚合材料，其中所述焊接区域包围所述相邻的并排聚合材料的部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述先导接触表面比所述尾接触表面具有更大的摩擦系数。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述加热元件相对于所述尾接触表面以钝角往复运动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述钝角在100度和135度之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述钝角在110度和120度之间。
7.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述焊接装置还包括用于控制所述加热元件所输出的热量的温度控制系统。
8.根据权利要求7所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统被配置为使所述加热元件在所述加热元件处于所述缩回配置和所述伸出配置时被加热，和/或其中所述温度控制系统被配置为监控从所述加热元件输出的热量并且根据所测得的热量输出调节至所述加热元件的输入。
9.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述加热元件被布置成在所述伸出配置中自所述载体突出了突出距离，并且所述焊接装置被配置为能够调节所述突出距离。
10.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述加热元件延伸到头部，其中所述头部具有圆形、半圆形、菱形或正方形轮廓。
11.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述载体包括具有所述尾接触表面的脚部和用于容纳所述加热元件的壳体，并且其中在多个操作位置之间所述壳体相对于所述脚部的位置是可调节的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述焊接装置包括将所述壳体相对于所述脚部固定在所述多个操作位置的装置。
13.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述载体包括用于被使用者抓握的手柄装置。
14.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述焊接装置还包括使得所述载体能够沿着所述焊接区域旋转运动的旋转安装的元件。
15.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述载体包括用于容纳所述加热元件的壳体，并且所述壳体和所述加热元件之间设置有分隔间隙。
16.一种焊接聚合材料的方法，包括使载体相对于聚合材料沿着所述聚合材料的焊接区域移动，其中，所述载体载有用于向所述焊接区域提供热量以使所述聚合材料熔化的加热元件，使所述加热元件相对于所述载体在缩回配置和伸出配置之间往复运动，使得当所述加热元件从所述缩回配置移动到所述伸出配置时，所述加热元件熔化并且穿透所述聚合材料的表面，及将熔化的聚合材料限制为沿所述焊接区域尾随所述加热元件；其中，所述载体包括沿着所述焊接区域引导所述加热元件的先导接触表面，所述载体还包括用于通过所述先导接触表面供应热量的加热器元件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于：按以下顺序操作：
将所述加热元件伸出至熔化并且穿透所述聚合材料的所述表面的所述伸出配置；
将所述加热元件缩回至所述缩回配置；
使所述聚合材料和所述载体沿所述焊接区域相对运动；
及，随后沿着所述焊接区域重复所述顺序。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括以并排方位提供相邻聚合材料，其中所述焊接区域包围所述相邻的并排聚合材料的部分。
19.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于：所述加热元件的运动在所述伸出配置处被暂停。
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