CN111349507A - 一种数控机床润滑剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种数控机床润滑剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域,尤其是一种数控机床润滑剂及其制备方法。该种数控机床润滑剂,主要由如下原料组成:含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯、丙烯酸、硫化猪油、挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂、纳米颗粒组合物,余量为润滑油用基础油。本发明中钴粉和铑粉配合使用,在钴粉中加入微量铑粉,高温作用下析出以铑为主的新相,该相以单独相形式存在,极少溶于钴粉和铑粉的粘结相,对粘结相起到强化作用,铑的面心立方结构为面心立方的β‑Co提供了稳定的结构环境,在一定程度上抑制了α‑Co结晶向β‑Co结晶转变,因此使得钴粉和铑粉组成的组合物能够替代金刚石纳米颗粒,起到极佳的减少混合和边界润滑条件下的摩擦损失的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域,尤其是一种数控机床润滑剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
润滑剂是数控机床等工业设备结构中常用的制剂,是用以润滑、冷却和密封机械的摩擦部分的物质。根据来源润滑剂分为矿物性润滑剂(如机械油)、植物性润滑剂(如蓖麻油)和动物性润滑剂(如牛脂)。此外,还有合成润滑剂,如硅油、脂肪酸酰胺、油酸、聚酯、合成酯、羧酸等。
为了改进润滑剂性能,科研人员在润滑剂中加入合适的摩擦改进剂和其它各种添加剂,从而减少混合和边界润滑条件下的摩擦损失,比较常用且效果较好的添加剂是金刚石纳米颗粒,但是金刚石纳米颗粒价格较贵,增加了润滑油的制备成本,此外,增加了金刚石纳米颗粒或其他颗粒添加剂的润滑油的中颗粒物分散性不佳,导致润滑油效果不能打按到预期效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种数控机床润滑剂及其制备方法,克服前述现有技术中的不足,在确保减少混合和边界润滑条件下的摩擦损失的前提下,降低润滑油生产成本、确保颗粒物在润滑剂中分散均匀,有效降低摩擦性能,减少阻力,加快润滑速度。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是:
一种数控机床润滑剂,主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物5-15%、氧化聚乙烯2-8%、丙烯酸2-8%、硫化猪油1-3%、挤压抗磨剂1-5%、防锈剂1-5%、分散剂1-6%、纳米颗粒组合物0.001-0.005%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
优选的,数控机床润滑剂主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物10%、氧化聚乙烯5%、丙烯酸5%、硫化猪油2%、挤压抗磨剂3%、防锈剂2%、分散剂4%、纳米颗粒组合物0.002%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
优选的,所述纳米颗粒组合物由纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉按照重量比3-5:0.1复配而成。
优选的,所述挤压抗磨剂为硫化鲸鱼油、三氟氯乙烯调聚物、三甲苯磷酸酯、羰基钨、二环己胺中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述防锈剂为石油磺酸钠、苯并三唑、聚乙二醇二油酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比1-3:1-3:1-3:5复配而成。
优选的,所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比2:2:1:5复配而成。
一种数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)按规定称取纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉,研磨混合后将混合料至于坩埚中进行高温烧结,高温烧结后退火并冷却至室温,将烧结后的物料粉碎研磨至粒径为20-50nm,备用;
(2)将润滑油用基础油、含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯以搅拌速率为450-650r/min搅拌10-20min,然后加入步骤(1)制得的纳米颗粒组合物继续搅拌5-8min,得到混合物A;
(3)将硫化猪油加入丙烯酸后再依次加入挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂通过超声波处理,频率设为3500-4000HZ,温度设为30-35℃,得混合物B;
(4)将混合物B加入混合物A中,通过离心机处理,频率设为8700-9200HZ,10-15min后滤出油状液体,即为润滑剂。
优选的,所述步骤(1)的高温烧结过程中烧结温度为1600-1850℃,烧结时间为1-3h,退火温度为600-700℃,退火后冷却至室温。
与现有技术相比本发明的效果为:(1)钴粉和铑粉配合使用,在钴粉中加入微量铑粉,高温作用下析出以铑为主的新相,该相以单独相形式存在,极少溶于钴粉和铑粉的粘结相,对粘结相起到强化作用,铑的面心立方结构为面心立方的β-Co提供了稳定的结构环境,在一定程度上抑制了α-Co结晶向β-Co结晶转变,因此使得钴粉和铑粉组成的组合物能够替代金刚石纳米颗粒,起到极佳的减少混合和边界润滑条件下的摩擦损失的效果;(2)硫化猪油的加入促使润滑剂整体粘度降低,结合分散剂按优化后的配比复配而成,能够确保金属纳米颗粒物均匀分散在润滑剂体系中,减少流体动力润滑区域内的粘滞阻力和发动机内的搅拌阻力;(3)氧化聚乙烯采用丙烯酸进行改性,有效降低摩擦性能,减少阻力,加快润滑速度,提高耐磨性,提高湿润度,抗氧化效果好,延长使用寿命。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种数控机床润滑剂,主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物10%、氧化聚乙烯5%、丙烯酸5%、硫化猪油2%、挤压抗磨剂3%、防锈剂2%、分散剂4%、纳米颗粒组合物0.002%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
其中,所述纳米颗粒组合物由纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉按照重量比4:0.1复配而成;所述挤压抗磨剂为硫化鲸鱼油;所述防锈剂为石油磺酸钠;所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比2:2:1:5复配而成。
本实施例的数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)按规定称取纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉,研磨混合后将混合料至于坩埚中进行高温烧结,高温烧结后退火并冷却至室温,将烧结后的物料粉碎研磨至粒径为20-50nm,备用;
(2)将润滑油用基础油、含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯以搅拌速率为550r/min搅拌15min,然后加入步骤(1)制得的纳米颗粒组合物继续搅拌6min,得到混合物A;
(3)将硫化猪油加入丙烯酸后再依次加入挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂通过超声波处理,频率设为3800HZ,温度设为32℃,得混合物B;
(4)将混合物B加入混合物A中,通过离心机处理,频率设为9000HZ,12min后滤出油状液体,即为润滑剂。
其中,所述步骤(1)的高温烧结过程中烧结温度为1700℃,烧结时间为2h,退火温度为650℃,退火后冷却至室温。
实施例2
一种数控机床润滑剂,主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物5%、氧化聚乙烯2%、丙烯酸2%、硫化猪油1%、挤压抗磨剂1%、防锈剂1%、分散剂2%、纳米颗粒组合物0.001%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
其中,所述纳米颗粒组合物由纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉按照重量比3:0.1复配而成;所述挤压抗磨剂为三氟氯乙烯调聚物;所述防锈剂为苯并三唑;所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比1:3:3:5复配而成。
本实施例的数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)按规定称取纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉,研磨混合后将混合料至于坩埚中进行高温烧结,高温烧结后退火并冷却至室温,将烧结后的物料粉碎研磨至粒径为20-50nm,备用;
(2)将润滑油用基础油、含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯以搅拌速率为450r/min搅拌10min,然后加入步骤(1)制得的纳米颗粒组合物继续搅拌5min,得到混合物A;
(3)将硫化猪油加入丙烯酸后再依次加入挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂通过超声波处理,频率设为3500HZ,温度设为30℃,得混合物B;
(4)将混合物B加入混合物A中,通过离心机处理,频率设为8700HZ,10min后滤出油状液体,即为润滑剂。
其中,所述步骤(1)的高温烧结过程中烧结温度为1600℃,烧结时间为1h,退火温度为600℃,退火后冷却至室温。
实施例3
一种数控机床润滑剂,主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物15%、氧化聚乙烯8%、丙烯酸8%、硫化猪油3%、挤压抗磨剂5%、防锈剂5%、分散剂6%、纳米颗粒组合物0.005%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
其中,所述纳米颗粒组合物由纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉按照重量比5:0.1复配而成;所述挤压抗磨剂为三甲苯磷酸酯;所述防锈剂为聚乙二醇二油酸酯;所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比2:1:1:5复配而成。
本实施例的数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)按规定称取纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉,研磨混合后将混合料至于坩埚中进行高温烧结,高温烧结后退火并冷却至室温,将烧结后的物料粉碎研磨至粒径为20-50nm,备用;
(2)将润滑油用基础油、含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯以搅拌速率为650r/min搅拌20min,然后加入步骤(1)制得的纳米颗粒组合物继续搅拌8min,得到混合物A;
(3)将硫化猪油加入丙烯酸后再依次加入挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂通过超声波处理,频率设为4000HZ,温度设为35℃,得混合物B;
(4)将混合物B加入混合物A中,通过离心机处理,频率设为9200HZ,15min后滤出油状液体,即为润滑剂。
优选的,所述步骤(1)的高温烧结过程中烧结温度为1850℃,烧结时间为3h,退火温度为700℃,退火后冷却至室温。
对比例1
对比例1的一种数控机床润滑剂原料组成与实施例1基本相同,其区别在于:所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比1:1:1:1复配而成。
对比例1的数控机床润滑剂的制备方法与实施例1相同。
试验例1
对实施例1-3和对比例1中制得的数控机床润滑剂进行油泥斑点分散值SDT、凝固点和生物降解率的性能试验,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
有表1可以看出,本发明实施例1-3制得的数控机床润滑剂的油泥斑点分散值SDT、凝固点和生物降解率均优于对比例1的数控机床润滑剂。
对实施例1-3和对比例1中制得的数控机床润滑剂进行磨损试验,实验采用M200型环块摩擦磨损实验机,试块不动,通过主轴旋转使得试环在块上转动,环浸泡在油池中,旋转的圆环把油带到摩擦副间进行润滑。
试块采用45#钢,硬度82-88HRB,试环为轴承钢,真空淬火,硬度60-62HRC,试验温度24℃,转速260r/min,每次试验转动摩擦时间45min。磨损前后试块质量用天平测量,称量前试块先用超声波在石油醚中清洗,再在无水乙醇中清洗,用普通光学显微镜,观察摩擦表面形貌,进行辅助分析。
磨损量试验结果如表2所示:
表2
由表2可以看出,本发明实施例1-3制得的数控机床润滑油耐磨性能远优于对比例1。
上述具体实施方式仅是本发明的具体个案,本发明的专利保护范围包括但不限于上述具体实施方式的产品形态和式样,任何符合本发明权利要求书且任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰,皆应落入本发明的专利保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物5-15%、氧化聚乙烯2-8%、丙烯酸2-8%、硫化猪油1-3%、挤压抗磨剂1-5%、防锈剂1-5%、分散剂1-6%、纳米颗粒组合物0.001-0.005%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:主要由如下重量百分比的原料组成:含氧有机化合物10%、氧化聚乙烯5%、丙烯酸5%、硫化猪油2%、挤压抗磨剂3%、防锈剂2%、分散剂4%、纳米颗粒组合物0.002%,余量为润滑油用基础油。
3.根据权利要求1或2任一所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:所述纳米颗粒组合物由纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉按照重量比3-5:0.1复配而成。
4.根据权利要求1或2任一所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:所述挤压抗磨剂为硫化鲸鱼油、三氟氯乙烯调聚物、三甲苯磷酸酯、羰基钨、二环己胺中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1或2任一所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:所述防锈剂为石油磺酸钠、苯并三唑、聚乙二醇二油酸酯中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1或2任一所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比1-3:1-3:1-3:5复配而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种数控机床润滑剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂由聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和石蜡按照重量比2:2:1:5复配而成。
8.根据权利要求1或2任一所述的一种数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下制备步骤:
(1)按规定称取纳米级钴粉和纳米级铑粉,研磨混合后将混合料至于坩埚中进行高温烧结,高温烧结后退火并冷却至室温,将烧结后的物料粉碎研磨至粒径为20-50nm,备用;
(2)将润滑油用基础油、含氧有机化合物、氧化聚乙烯以搅拌速率为450-650r/min搅拌10-20min,然后加入步骤(1)制得的纳米颗粒组合物继续搅拌5-8min,得到混合物A;
(3)将硫化猪油加入丙烯酸后再依次加入挤压抗磨剂、防锈剂、分散剂通过超声波处理,频率设为3500-4000HZ,温度设为30-35℃,得混合物B;
(4)将混合物B加入混合物A中,通过离心机处理,频率设为8700-9200HZ,10-15min后滤出油状液体,即为润滑剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种数控机床润滑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的高温烧结过程中烧结温度为1600-1850℃,烧结时间为1-3h,退火温度为600-700℃,退火后冷却至室温。
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