CN112226267A - 极压微量润滑切削油组合物、制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种极压微量润滑切削油组合物、制备方法及其用途，主要解决现有技术中存在润滑油环保性差、极压润滑性不优异的问题。本发明通过采用一种新的低气味极压微量润滑切削液，以重量百分数计由以下组分组成：植物油0～50％，合成酯45～99％，极压剂0.5～4％，抗氧剂0.1～2％的技术方案，较好地解决了该问题，可用于微量润滑加工的工业应用中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种极压微量润滑切削油组合物、制备方法及其用途。
背景技术
传统的金属加工的润滑冷却方式为：润滑油以喷淋的方式进行润滑和冷却，而大部分润滑油喷淋到实际不需润滑冷却的部位，因此润滑剂的消耗大，能耗高、浪费泄漏量大，环境污染严重等问题。面对企业不断降低成本、改善生产条件，以及国家绿色发展的有关要求，随着环保、节能降耗、加工精度的需求提升，出现了多种可替代传统的湿式切削加工方法的环境友好型切削加工技术,例如微量润滑(MQL)切削技术等。
微量润滑(MQL)切削技术是将压缩气体与微量润滑油混合雾化后，喷射到加工区，在切削过程中，对刀具和工件之间的加工部位进行有效的润滑，减少了切削液的用量(消耗量在6-100mL/h)。MQL技术与传统切削相比，采用分解性高的合成酯和油脂作为润滑剂，让加工后刀具、工件、切屑仍然保持干燥，对人体无危害，对环境无污染。这也使得越来越多的企业开始使用微量润滑切屑技术以提高工艺、保护环境、提升公司形象。
专利CN107460025A公开了一种加工钛合金的微量润滑切削油，由格尔伯特醇、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、磷酸酯和/或含硫极压添加剂、高碱值磺酸盐组成，可耐高温，且切削温度低，润滑效果好。但是此发明的组分中包含了含硫极压添加剂，容易导致气味大。
CN110628493A公开了一种高抗氧化性微量润滑切削油及其制备，由基础油、抗氧剂、铺展剂、极压抗磨剂、抗雾剂、防锈剂组成，具备优异的抗氧化性能，而且在长时间的高低温环境下工作也能维持良好的氧化稳定性。但是此发明的挤压润滑性不够好。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，现有技术中存在润滑油环保差、挤压润滑性不优异的问题，提供一种新的微量润滑切削油组合物，该组合物具有优良的极压润滑性及低气味性。本发明所要解决的技术问题之二是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的微量润滑切削油的制备方法。本发明所要解决的技术问题之三是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的微量润滑切削油的用途。
为解决上述技术问题之一，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种极压微量润滑切削油组合物，以重量百分数计，由以下组分组成：植物油0～50％，合成酯45～99％，极压剂0.5～4％，抗氧剂0.1～2％。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的植物油为大豆油。
上述技术方案中，优选地，植物油20～50％，合成酯60～99％，极压剂1.5～3％，抗氧剂0.1～1％。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的合成酯选自季戊四醇油酸酯、己二酸二辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、棕榈酸异辛酯或硬脂酸异辛酯中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的合成酯选自季戊四醇油酸酯或棕榈酸异辛酯中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的极压剂选自亚磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯、磷酸三丁酯或磷化乙氧基化醇中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的极压剂选自磷酸三丁酯或磷化乙氧基化醇中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中，优选地，所述的抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基氨基对甲酚或烷基二苯胺中的至少一种。
为解决上述技术问题之二，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种上述的极压微量润滑切削油组合物的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
1)将植物油、合成酯、极压剂加入反应釜中，充分搅拌30～45min至均一透明；
2)加入抗氧剂在35℃-45℃下充分搅拌30min至均一透明；得到低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物。
为解决上述技术问题之三，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种上述的极压微量润滑切削油组合物在微量润滑加工工业中的应用。
本发明通过采用选用生物降解性好的植物油和合成酯作为主要原料，气味低，对操作工人和环境危害小，取得了较好的技术效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
实施例1公开了一种极压微量切削油组合物的具体实施方式，以重量百分数计，由以下组分组成：
植物油：35％大豆油
合成酯：55％三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯和6％邻苯二甲酸二辛酯
极压剂：1％亚磷酸二正丁酯和2％磷酸三甲酚酯
抗氧剂：1％2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚；
本实施例中各个组分的配比记录在表1中。
本实施例的极压微量切削油组合物的制备方法具体如下：
1)将植物油、合成酯、极压剂加入反应釜中，充分搅拌30-40min至均一透明；
2)加入抗氧剂在35℃-45℃下充分搅拌30min至均一透明；得到低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物。
上述制备方法中的植物油、合成酯、极压剂和抗氧剂采用表1中的具体物质及相应的重量配比。
实施例2至实施例6及比较例1至比较例2
实施例2至实施例6及比较例1至比较例2按照实施例1中的各个步骤进行，唯一的区别为反应原料的种类、原料配比不同，具体见表1。制备得到的微量润滑油的性能检测数据如表2所示。
表1实施例1至实施例6及比较例1至比较例2中各组分的原料重量百分比
表2制备得到的微量润滑油的性能检测数据
由表2可知，实施例1～6选用生物降解性好的植物油和合成酯作为主要原料，选用的微量润滑油组合物相较于其他添加极压剂的发明，不含硫、含氯的极压抗磨剂，使得制备得到的微量润滑油组合物气味低，对操作工人和环境危害小。同时选用本发明的极压剂，使得最大无卡咬负荷(PB)/N值大于现有技术，制备得到的微量润滑油具有优良的挤压润滑性。
Claims (10)
1.一种极压微量润滑切削油组合物，以重量百分数计由以下组分组成：植物油0～50％，合成酯45～99％，极压剂0.5～4％，抗氧剂0.1～2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述植物油为大豆油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，植物油20～50％，合成酯60～99％，极压剂1.5～3％，抗氧剂0.1～1％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述的合成酯选自季戊四醇油酸酯、己二酸二辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、棕榈酸异辛酯或硬脂酸异辛酯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述的合成酯选自季戊四醇油酸酯或棕榈酸异辛酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述极压剂选自亚磷酸二正丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯、磷酸三丁酯或磷化乙氧基化醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述的极压剂选自磷酸三丁酯或磷化乙氧基化醇中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基氨基对甲酚或烷基二苯胺中的至少一种。
9.一种权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
1)将植物油、合成酯、极压剂加入反应釜中，充分搅拌30～45min至均一透明；
2)加入抗氧剂在35℃-45℃下充分搅拌30min至均一透明；得到低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物。
10.一种权利要求1所述的低气味极压微量润滑切削油组合物在微量润滑加工中应用。
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