CN111348026A - 电动汽车用电子制动系统 - Google Patents

电动汽车用电子制动系统 Download PDF

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CN111348026A
CN111348026A CN201911328967.1A CN201911328967A CN111348026A CN 111348026 A CN111348026 A CN 111348026A CN 201911328967 A CN201911328967 A CN 201911328967A CN 111348026 A CN111348026 A CN 111348026A
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electric vehicle
brake system
brake
electric
armature
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CN111348026B (zh
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李俊逸
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Doosan Industrial Vehicle Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • B60T13/743—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator with a spring accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B60T15/02—Application and release valves
    • B60T15/04—Driver's valves
    • B60T15/041—Driver's valves controlling auxiliary pressure brakes, e.g. parking or emergency brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/045—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated with locking and release means, e.g. providing parking brake application
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/81—Braking systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F16D2121/26—Electric or magnetic using motors for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
    • F16D2500/508—Relating driving conditions
    • F16D2500/50841—Hill hold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
    • F16D2500/508—Relating driving conditions
    • F16D2500/50866—Parking, i.e. control of drive units during parking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
    • F16D65/561—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting within the confines of a drum brake
    • F16D65/563—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting within the confines of a drum brake arranged adjacent to service brake actuator, e.g. on parking brake lever, and not subjected to service brake force

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电动汽车用电子制动系统，包括：矩形的电感器，其形成为驱动轴贯通中央部；多个弹簧，其插入于形成在所述电感器的孔；圆盘形的电枢，其设置为与所述弹簧相接；以及摩擦盘，其安装于行驶电机侧，所述电动汽车用电子制动系统使所述摩擦盘向所述电枢侧使所述摩擦盘而生成制动力，根据本发明，简化具备主行车制动器和电子制动器的电动汽车的结构，因而更经济。

Description

电动汽车用电子制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将电用作动力源的车辆的电子制动系统。
背景技术
电动汽车(Electric Vehicle，EV)指利用能够充放电的电池的电源来驱动电驱动电机，并将电驱动电机的驱动力用作整体或部分动力源的汽车。
电动汽车有只利用电作为驱动力的纯电动汽车和并用现有的引擎形式的内燃机中生成的驱动力和电动机的驱动力的混合动力电动汽车。
就这样的电动汽车而言，同时具备为了在行驶过程中进行安全的制动而利用液压的主行车制动器(service brake)和用于在停车时或在斜坡路等停止时防止车辆被推挤的电子驻车制动器(电子制动器，EM brake)，参照图1，用于主行车制动器的摩擦盘(frictiondisk)和电子制动器(EM brake)分别分离而构成为被独立控制来约束驱动轴(drive axle)的旋转。
另外，参照图2，电子制动器具备：形成为驱动轴贯通中央部的矩形的电感器1；插入于形成在电感器1的孔的多个弹簧8；以及设置为与弹簧8相接，且通过电感器1的电磁力来压缩弹簧8而贴附于电感器1或利用弹簧8的反弹力从电感器1分离的圆盘形的电枢7。
此外，在行驶电机侧的凸缘4在驱动轴周向安装有花键毂13，且向花键毂3的外侧周向结合有摩擦盘2，从而由电枢7约束摩擦盘2或解除约束来控制制动程度。
装配螺丝5(assembly screws)和调整螺丝6(adjusting screws)是用于组装和调整这些结构的构件。
然而，由于这样的电子制动器和主行车制动器分别分离而被单独控制，因而需要多个制动器驱动器、摩擦盘及控制器等，使得结构复杂，并且，从确保安装空间的角度而言，也存在不利的一面。
此外，电子制动器构成为只在停车时施加制动力。
上述背景技术中记载的事项用于促进对发明的背景的理解，其中可能会包括不是本技术所属领域中的一般的技术人员已知的现有技术的事项。
发明内容
技术课题
本发明为解决上述问题而发明，本发明的目的在于，提供一种因简化具备主行车制动器和电子制动器的电动汽车的结构而更经济的电动汽车用电子制动系统。
技术方案
根据本发明的一方面，提供一种电动汽车用电子制动系统。包括：矩形的电感器，其形成为驱动轴贯通中央部；多个弹簧，其插入于形成在所述电感器的孔；圆盘形的电枢，其设置为与所述弹簧相接；以及摩擦盘，其安装于行驶电机侧，所述电动汽车用电子制动系统使所述摩擦盘向所述电枢侧进行动作而生成制动力。
另外，所述电动汽车用电子制动系统还包括：制动部件，其介于所述行驶电机与所述摩擦盘之间，通过所述制动部件使所述摩擦盘向所述电枢侧进行动作。
这样的所述制动部件通过体积变化来使所述摩擦盘进行动作。
此外，所述电动汽车用电子制动系统还可以包括：驱动器，其与所述制动部件连接，而启动所述制动部件。
这样的所述驱动器以液压式或机械式或利用电磁力的方式启动所述制动部件。
另外，所述驱动器与制动踏板的角度变化联动而启动。
从而，能够按比例(proportional)地控制通过所述制动部件使所述摩擦盘结合于所述电枢的制动程度。
发明的效果
根据本发明的电动汽车用电子制动系统，电子制动器也作为主行车制动器发挥功能，从而，相比现有的制动系统，更简化结构。
即，无需多个制动器驱动器、摩擦盘及控制器等，并且，从确保安装空间的角度而言，也有着有利的一面。
附图说明
图1示意性地图示一般的电动汽车的制动系统。
图2示意性地图示一般的电子制动器。
图3至图5图示本发明的电动汽车的制动系统和其动作状态。
符号说明
12：摩擦盘，13：花键毂，14：凸缘，15：电枢，16：弹簧，20：驱动器，30：制动部件。
具体实施方式
为了充分理解本发明和本发明的动作上的优点及通过实施本发明达成的目的，务必参照例示本发明的优选实施例的附图及附图中记载的内容。
在说明本发明的优选实施例时，对于可能会不必要地使本发明的要旨不清楚的公知技术或反复的说明，将减少或省略其说明。
图3至图5图示本发明的电动汽车的制动系统和其动作状态。
下面参照图3和图5对本发明的一实施例的电动汽车的制动系统进行说明。
本发明的紧急制动系统及紧急制动方法以电为动力源进行驱动，为了克服具备通过制动踏板的信号对电机的转速进行减速控制的主行车制动器(service brake)和为了进行车辆的驻车(parking)而控制电机的旋转的电子制动器(EM brake)的车辆中在行驶过程中只利用主行车制动器的制动力的局限性，该制动系统能够通过电子制动器生成制动力。
本发明的电子制动系统包括电感器、摩擦盘12、花键毂13、凸缘14、电枢15、弹簧16等，还包括另外的制动部件30，以对摩擦盘12加压而生成制动力，且具备驱动器20，以启动这样的制动部件30。
即，构成本发明的电子制动器具备：形成为驱动轴贯通中央部的矩形的电感器；插入于形成在电感器的孔的多个弹簧16；设置为与弹簧16相接，且通过电感器产生的电磁力来压缩弹簧16而贴附于电感器或利用弹簧16的反弹力从电感器分离的圆盘形的电枢15。
此外，在行驶电机侧的凸缘14向驱动轴周向安装有花键毂13，且在花键毂13的外侧周向结合有摩擦盘12。
这样的电子制动器以如下方式进行动作，即，当通过负压(negative)方式对电感器解除电压时，如图3所示，FS变得大于FM和FR的合力，使得电枢15与摩擦盘12紧固(engagement)而施加用于驻车(parking)的制动力；相反，当向电感器施加电压时，如图4所示，FM变得大于Fs和FR的合力，使得电枢15与摩擦盘12分离(disengagement)而解除驻车(parking)。
进一步地，在本发明中，为了在行驶过程中也使电枢15与摩擦盘12紧固，以便通过主行车制动器也能够生成制动力，制动部件30介于凸缘14与摩擦盘12之间。或者，也可以具备于所述凸缘14内，以便与凸缘14同时进行动作而向电枢15侧启动摩擦盘12。
制动部件30与电枢15无关地根据体积变化来向电枢15侧对摩擦盘12加压，以使摩擦盘12能够与电枢15结合而作为行车制动器发挥功能。
另外，由驱动器20赋予制动部件30的启动力，以使这样的制动部件30能够对摩擦盘12加压。
如图所示，这样的驱动器20可以是液压(Hydraulic)式，除此之外，也可以通过机械式杠杆(Mechanical Lever、Mechanical Torsion Lever)、机械式缆绳(MechanicalCable)、电磁力(Electro Magnetic)等来启动制动部件30。
此外，驱动器20的控制也可以通过另外的控制部的控制信号来进行驱动，如图所示，也可以与制动踏板的角度变化联动而启动。
从而，能够按比例地(proportional)控制制动部件30对摩擦盘12加压的程度，即制动程度。
如此，本发明的电子制动系统即使在行驶过程中也能够作为行车制动器发挥功能，因而有利于确保制动力，且在诸如需要紧急制动的情况下也能够进行安全的制动。
尽管参照所例示的附图对如上所述的本发明进行了说明，但本发明不限于所记载的实施例，对本领域的一般的技术人员而言，显而易见地，可以在不脱离本发明的思想和范围的前提下对本发明实施多样的修改和变形。因此，那样的修改例或变形例应解释为落入本发明的权利要求范围内，本发明的权利范围应基于所附权利要求书来进行解释。

Claims (7)

1.一种电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，包括：
矩形的电感器，其形成为驱动轴贯通中央部；
多个弹簧，其插入于形成在所述电感器的孔；
圆盘形的电枢，其设置为与所述弹簧相接；以及
摩擦盘，其安装于行驶电机侧，
所述电动汽车用电子制动系统使所述摩擦盘向所述电枢侧进行动作而生成制动力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，还包括：
制动部件，其介于所述行驶电机与所述摩擦盘之间，
通过所述制动部件使所述摩擦盘向所述电枢侧进行动作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，
所述制动部件通过体积变化来使所述摩擦盘进行动作。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，还包括：
驱动器，其与所述制动部件连接，而启动所述制动部件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，
所述驱动器以液压式或机械式或利用电磁力的方式启动所述制动部件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，
所述驱动器与制动踏板的角度变化联动而启动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车用电子制动系统，其特征在于，
能够按比例地控制通过所述制动部件使所述摩擦盘结合于所述电枢的制动程度。
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