CN111344177B - 用于双轮辙车辆的车桥的驱动设备 - Google Patents

用于双轮辙车辆的车桥的驱动设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111344177B
CN111344177B CN201880073312.1A CN201880073312A CN111344177B CN 111344177 B CN111344177 B CN 111344177B CN 201880073312 A CN201880073312 A CN 201880073312A CN 111344177 B CN111344177 B CN 111344177B
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gear
planetary gear
shaft
hybrid
flange
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CN111344177A (zh
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U·皮施密特
S·胡梅尔
C·威尔特
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于双轮辙车辆的车桥——特别是后桥(HA)——的驱动设备，其中，车桥(HA)具有车桥差速器(3)，该车桥差速器能在输入侧与主动力装置连接并且能在输出侧通过布置在两侧的法兰轴(5、7)与车桥(HA)的车轮(9)连接，其中，为车桥(HA)分配有附加的动力装置(26)和可切换的叠加式传动机构(25)，该叠加式传动机构能切换到力矩分配挡位级(TV)中，在该力矩分配挡位级中产生由附加的动力装置(26)产生的驱动力矩，根据该驱动力矩的大小和转动方向能改变对两个车轮(9)的力矩分配，该叠加式传动机构能切换到混合动力模式中，在该混合动力模式中，由附加的动力装置(26)产生的驱动力矩能通过车桥差速器(3)以均匀分配的方式被传递给车轮(9)的两个法兰轴(5、7)。根据本发明，叠加式传动机构(25)具有三个相互联接的行星齿轮传动机构(PG1、PG2、PG3)，在切换到力矩分配挡位级(TV)时或者在切换到第一混合动力挡位级(H1)——特别是起步挡位——时，在叠加式传动机构(25)中形成其中接入行星齿轮传动机构(PG1、PG2；PG1、PG3)中的刚好两个的负荷路径，在切换到第二混合动力挡位级(H2)时，在叠加式传动机构(25)中形成其中接入行星齿轮传动机构中的刚好一个(PG1)的负荷路径。

Description

用于双轮辙车辆的车桥的驱动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于双轮辙车辆的车桥——特别是后桥——的驱动设备。
背景技术
由文献DE 10 2014 015 793 A1已知一种用于车辆后桥的此类的驱动设备，该驱动设备具有车桥差速器，该车桥差速器能在输入侧与主动力装置(例如内燃机)连接并且能在输出侧利用布置在两侧的法兰轴与车桥的车轮连接。为车桥分配有附加的动力装置(特别是电机)以及可切换的叠加式传动机构。该叠加式传动机构可以切换到力矩分配挡位级中，在该力矩分配挡位级中产生由附加的动力装置产生的驱动力矩，根据该驱动力矩的大小和转动方向能改变到两个车轮上的力矩分配。对此替代地，叠加式传动机构能切换到混合动力模式中，在该混合动力模式中，由附加的动力装置产生的驱动力矩在可切换的混合动力挡位级中能通过车桥差速器以均匀分配的方式联接到两个车轮法兰轴。在特定的行驶情况下，例如在转弯行驶时，可以通过所挂入的力矩分配挡位级、经由转矩重新分配(扭矩矢量分配或横向锁定功能)支持行驶性能。因此可以在转弯行驶时在转弯入口处使驱动力矩朝向转弯外侧的车轮转移(扭矩矢量分配)。替代地/附加地，可以在转弯行驶时在转弯出口处使驱动力矩朝向转弯内侧的车轮转移(横向锁定功能)。与此相对地，例如可以在激活的混合动力模式中进行转矩增强功能。
在上述的文献DE 10 2014 015 793 A1中，叠加式传动机构总共具有三个行星齿轮传动机构，所述三个行星齿轮传动机构能通过两个制动器切换，以提供混合动力模式或力矩分配模式，由此整体上得到结构空间密集的布置结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于双轮辙车辆的车桥的驱动设备，该驱动设备与现有技术相比结构空间减少地构造，并且在该驱动设备中能利用简单的部件实现功能扩展/减少，更确切地说在较小的结构空间需求以及在提高的行驶动力的情况下实现。
根据本发明，三个行星齿轮传动机构在叠加式传动机构中如此相互联接，使得在切换到力矩分配挡位级时或者在切换到第一混合动力挡位级时形成具有功率分流的负荷路径，在该负荷路径中集成有刚好两个行星齿轮传动机构。与此相对地，在切换到第二混合动力挡位级时形成没有功率分流的负荷路径，在该负荷路径中仅集成有刚好其中一个行星齿轮传动机构。通过这种方式，可以在第一混合动力挡位级中和在第二混合动力挡位级中以简单的方式实现不同的传动比。
在一个技术实施方案中，所述三个行星齿轮传动机构可以串联地、依次地相对于法兰轴同轴地布置。输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构可以利用其输入元件、特别是太阳轮与由附加的动力装置驱动的传动机构输入轴以不能相对转动的方式连接。此外，输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构可以利用其输出元件、特别是承载行星齿轮的行星齿轮架与传动机构输出轴以不能相对转动的方式连接，该传动机构输出轴与车桥差速器的输入侧以驱动方式联接(用于差速器驱动)。输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构的反应元件、特别是与行星齿轮啮合的径向外部的齿圈可以通过切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体上或从所述传动机构壳体松脱，更确切地说根据切换元件SH2的切换位置而定。
在这种情况下，在第二混合动力挡位级H2中，齿圈可以通过切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体上，从而在没有功率分流的情况下产生从附加的动力装置(电机)通过输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构直至车桥差速器的输入侧的驱动力矩流或负荷路径，而第二和第三行星齿轮传动机构从负荷路径脱开。
在转矩转换方面优选的是，附加的动力装置通过副轴级与传动机构输入轴联接。附加的动力装置出于结构空间的原因可以优选地与法兰轴轴线平行地布置，其中，副轴级例如可以是单级的圆柱齿轮级。
在一个具体的实施方案变体中，输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈和第二行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈可以以不能相对转动的方式位于共同的径向外部的齿圈轴上。径向外部的齿圈轴可以通过已经提到的切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体上。
齿圈轴能通过齿圈法兰以不能相对转动的方式布置在中间轴上。该中间轴可以附加地以不能相对转动的方式承载固定制动法兰，该固定制动法兰可以通过混合动力切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体上。
第二行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈可以与行星齿轮啮合，该行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架上并且该行星齿轮又与径向内部的太阳轮啮合，该太阳轮可以作为反应元件制动固定在传动机构壳体上或从该传动机构壳体松脱，更确切地说通过力矩分配切换元件STV实现这一点。优选地，太阳轮可以以不能相对转动的方式布置在太阳轮轴上。该太阳轮轴可以附加地以不能相对转动的方式承载固定制动法兰，该固定制动法兰可以通过力矩分配切换元件STV制动固定在传动机构壳体上。
此外，第二行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架可以具有力矩分配输出法兰，该力矩分配输出法兰以不能相对转动的方式布置在引导至车桥差速器的力矩分配轴上。在切换到力矩分配挡位级时，利用上述传动机构结构实现：因此在这种情况下第二行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮通过力矩分配切换元件制动固定在传动机构壳体上。由此产生从附加的动力装置到第一行星齿轮传动机构中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架上进行功率分流。因此，第一子负荷路径继续引导至传动机构输出轴直至车桥差速器输入侧。而第二子负荷路径通过第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮以及齿圈继续引导到齿圈轴上直至第二行星齿轮传动机构，并且从那里通过力矩分配法兰继续引导至力矩分配轴。
在一个技术实施方式中，车桥差速器可以具有拉维尼奥型齿轮组，在拉维尼奥型齿轮组中，第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮不仅与形成车桥差速器的输入侧的径向外部的齿圈啮合，而且与第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮啮合。此外，第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮与大的第一太阳轮啮合，而第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮与小的第二太阳轮啮合。所述两个行星齿轮组转动支承在一个共同的行星齿轮架上。在具体的实施方式中，大的第一太阳轮可以以不能相对转动的方式位于来自叠加式传动机构的力矩分配输出轴上，而小的第二太阳轮可以以不能相对转动的方式位于(传动机构侧的)法兰轴上，并且共同的行星齿轮架可以以不能相对转动的方式位于另一(远离传动机构的)法兰轴上。
第三行星齿轮传动机构不仅在切换到第一力矩分配挡位级TV时而且也在切换到第二混合动力挡位级时自由转动，也就是说与相应的负荷路径脱开并且仅在切换到第一混合动力挡位级时接入负荷路径中。第三行星齿轮传动机构具有太阳轮，该太阳轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在上面已经提到的中间轴上，更确切地说，该太阳轮与齿圈法兰和固定制动法兰共同布置在中间轴上，该固定制动法兰与第二混合动力切换元件SH2共同作用。第三行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮与行星齿轮啮合，该行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架上并且与径向外部的齿圈啮合。第三行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架可以通过混合动力切换元件HS1制动固定在传动机构壳体上或从该传动机构壳体松脱。第三行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈可以通过连接轴以不能相对转动的方式与第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架连接。
因此，在挂入第一混合动力挡位级H1时，产生以下情况：第三行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架借助于混合动力切换元件HS1制动固定在传动机构壳体上。由此产生从附加的动力装置到第一行星齿轮传动机构中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架上进行功率分配，其中，主负荷路径继续引导至传动机构输出轴直至车桥差速器的输入侧。而副负荷路径通过第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮和齿圈引导到齿圈轴上并且继续通过齿圈法兰以及中间轴引导至第三行星齿轮传动机构。副负荷路径从其齿圈通过连接轴引回至第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架。
在封装优化方面优选的是，传动机构输出轴具有外轴部段，该外轴部段在径向内部界定结构空间。在该结构空间中优选可以布置第一行星齿轮传动机构和第二行星齿轮传动机构。此外在封装优化方面优选的是，沿车辆横向方向观察，第二行星齿轮传动机构布置在车辆内部，第三行星齿轮传动机构布置在车辆外部，而第一行星齿轮传动机构布置在第二行星齿轮传动机构与第三行星齿轮传动机构之间。
在进一步优化封装方面优选的是，承载第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架的中间轴作为空心轴来实现。在这种情况下，设计为空心轴的传动机构输入轴、中间轴和连接轴以及传动机构侧的法兰轴可以彼此同轴地、嵌套地布置。
以相同的方式，传动机构输出轴可以设计为外空心轴。在这种情况下，传动机构输出轴、形成为内空心轴的力矩分配输出轴和传动机构侧的法兰轴可以彼此同轴地、嵌套地布置。
附图说明
下面根据附图描述本发明的一个实施例。
图中：
图1以示意图示出用于双轮辙车辆的车辆后桥的驱动设备；
图2至图4分别为与图1相对应的视图，各自突出显示出了在切换到第一混合动力挡位级时(图2)、在切换到第二混合动力挡位级时(图3)和在切换到力矩分配挡位级时(图4)的驱动力矩流。
具体实施方式
在图1中粗略示意性地示出用于双轮辙车辆的车辆后桥HA的驱动设备的传动机构结构。在图1中标明的驱动设备可以是全轮驱动系统的组成部分，其中，未示出的前侧内燃机作为主动力装置通过传动机构以及中间差速器和前桥差速器输出到车辆的前轮上。中间差速器可以通过万向轴以及通过锥齿轮装置4与后桥差速器3的输入侧13以驱动方式连接。在锥齿轮装置4与后桥差速器3的输入侧13之间接入离合器K，借助于该离合器能使后桥HA以驱动方式从万向轴上脱开。
后桥差速器3在输出侧通过布置在两侧的法兰轴5、7与车辆后桥HA的车辆后轮9以驱动方式联接。在图1中，后桥差速器3是具有拉维尼奥型齿轮组的行星齿轮式差速器，在该拉维尼奥型齿轮组中，第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮11不仅与形成车桥差速器3的输入侧的径向外部的齿圈13啮合，而且与第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮15啮合。此外，第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮11与大的第一太阳轮17啮合。而第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮15与小的第二太阳轮19啮合。两个行星齿轮组转动支承在一个共同的行星齿轮架21上，该行星齿轮架以不能相对转动的方式位于远离传动机构的法兰轴5上。与此相对，小的第二太阳轮19以不能相对转动的方式位于传动机构侧的法兰轴7上，而大的第一太阳轮17以不能相对转动的方式位于力矩分配输出轴23上，该力矩分配输出轴引导到叠加式传动机构25中。
后桥HA具有已经提到的叠加式传动机构25以及电机26。如稍后将描述的，叠加式传动机构25能在混合动力模式中或在力矩分配模式中(也就是说电子扭矩矢量分配或横向锁定功能)运行。在混合动力模式中，由电机26产生的驱动力矩通过叠加式传动机构25以及通过后桥差速器3以均匀分配的方式被传递到两个法兰轴5、7上。混合动力模式可以纯电动地实施或者在电机26与内燃机的组合中(例如用于转矩增强功能)实施。
在力矩分配模式中，由电机26产生的驱动力矩不仅被引导至车桥差速器3的输入侧(齿圈13)，而且也通过叠加式传动机构25被引导至车桥差速器3的大的第一太阳轮17，以便改变对两个后轮9的力矩分配。向大的第一太阳轮17中的导入通过叠加式传动机构25的位于力矩分配输出轴23上的力矩分配法兰24进行。根据由电机26产生的驱动力矩的数值以及转动方向，实现了在车轮9之间的力矩分配。
下面根据图1说明叠加式传动机构25的传动机构结构：因此，叠加式传动机构25具有输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1、第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2和第三行星齿轮传动机构PG3，它们在车辆横向方向y上直接并排地以及彼此同轴地取向地布置在传动机构侧的法兰轴7上。中间的第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1以其太阳轮27(作为输入元件起作用)与在电机26上被驱动的传动机构输入轴29以不能相对转动的方式连接。第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1具有行星齿轮架35作为输出元件，该行星齿轮架承载行星齿轮33。行星齿轮架35通过混合动力输出法兰32与传动机构输出轴41以不能相对转动的方式连接。该传动机构输出轴又与车桥差速器3的输入侧13以驱动方式联接。第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1具有与行星齿轮33啮合的齿圈37作为反应元件。输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的齿圈37和第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2的齿圈39位于一个共同的、径向外部的齿圈轴36上。该齿圈轴通过齿圈法兰34以不能相对转动的方式布置在中间轴38上。中间轴38附加地承载固定制动法兰40，该固定制动法兰能通过混合动力切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体43上。
在第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2中，齿圈39与行星齿轮49啮合，这些行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架51上并且此外与太阳轮47啮合。第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2的太阳轮47以不能相对转动的方式布置在太阳轮轴48上。此外，该行星齿轮架还承载固定制动法兰49，该固定制动法兰能通过力矩分配切换元件STV制动固定在传动机构壳体43上。第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2的行星齿轮架51具有力矩分配输出法兰24，该力矩分配输出法兰以不能相对转动的方式布置在向车桥差速器3引导的力矩分配轴23上。
第三行星齿轮传动机构PG3具有太阳轮50，该太阳轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在中间轴38上并且与行星齿轮53啮合，这些行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架55上。行星齿轮53与径向外部的齿圈59啮合，该齿圈通过连接轴61与第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的行星齿轮架35以不能相对转动的方式连接。
为了说明驱动设备的工作方式，根据图2描述如下行驶情况，其中，切换到第一混合动力挡位级H1。在这种情况下，第三行星齿轮传动机构PG3的行星齿轮架55借助于混合动力切换元件HS1制动固定在传动机构壳体43上。由此产生从电机26到第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架35上进行功率分配。在此，主负荷路径进一步通过混合动力输出法兰32引导至传动机构输出轴41直至车桥差速器的输入侧13。副负荷路径通过行星齿轮33、第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的齿圈37、齿圈轴36以及齿圈法兰34通过中间轴38引导至第三行星齿轮传动机构PG3并且从其齿圈59通过连接轴61引回至第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的行星齿轮架35。在图2中(以及也在图3和图4中)，负荷路径以实线表示，而无功功率所经过的损耗功率负荷路径以点划线标明。
在图3中示出另一种行驶情况，其中，与图2不同地，接通第二混合动力挡位级H2。在这种情况下，第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的齿圈37通过切换元件SH2制动固定在传动机构壳体43上。由此，产生从电机26经过输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1及其混合动力输出法兰32直至车桥差速器3的输入侧13的负荷路径。
在图4中示出一种行驶情况，其中，接通力矩分配挡位级TV。力矩分配模式例如在转弯行驶时被激活，以便在法兰轴5、7之间实现力矩差。在力矩分配模式中，两个混合动力切换元件HS1、SH2被松开，而力矩分配切换元件STV被接通，借助于该力矩分配切换元件，第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2的太阳轮47制动固定在传动机构壳体43上。由此，产生从电机26到第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架35上进行功率分配。在此，第一子负荷路径通过混合动力输出法兰32继续引导至传动机构输出轴41直至车桥差速器的输入侧13。第二子负荷路径通过第一行星齿轮传动机构PG1的行星齿轮33和齿圈37并且通过齿圈轴36引导至第二行星齿轮传动机构PG2。从那里，子负荷路径通过力矩分配法兰24引导至力矩分配轴23并且继续引导至车桥差速器3的大的第一太阳轮17。在此，由电机26产生的驱动力矩的转动方向和数值被设计为，使得在车桥差速器3的第一行星齿轮组中馈入力矩或从其中取出力矩，由此改变在两个法兰轴5、7之间的力矩分配。
根据本发明的驱动设备具有以下优点：由此能良好地转换所期望的传动比。在相同的固定传动比的情况下，在混合动力挡位之间的级跃/变速级跳跃被限制到相对较小的值。当然，通过提高齿轮组的固定传动比可以使第一混合动力挡位设计得更短。特别要强调的是，混合动力切换元件SH1、SH2和力矩分配切换元件STV全部设计为制动器。此外，在第一和第二混合动力挡位级之间，电机26的转动方向不变换。混合动力挡位级的效率高于现有技术中的类似设计(由于缺乏无功功率)。此外，根据本发明可以使用一种常用的拉维尼奥型齿轮组。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于双轮辙车辆的车桥的驱动设备，其中，车桥(HA)具有车桥差速器(3)，该车桥差速器能在输入侧与主动力装置连接并且能在输出侧通过布置在两侧的法兰轴(5、7)与车桥(HA)的车轮(9)连接，其中，为车桥(HA)分配有附加的动力装置(26)和可切换的叠加式传动机构(25)，该叠加式传动机构能切换到力矩分配挡位级(TV)中，在该力矩分配挡位级中产生由附加的动力装置(26)产生的驱动力矩，根据该驱动力矩的大小和转动方向能改变对两个车轮(9)的力矩分配，该叠加式传动机构还能切换到混合动力模式中，在该混合动力模式中，由附加的动力装置(26)产生的驱动力矩能通过车桥差速器(3)以均匀分配的方式被传递给车轮(9)的两个法兰轴(5、7)，
其特征在于，
叠加式传动机构(25)具有三个相互联接的行星齿轮传动机构(PG1、PG2、PG3)，在切换到力矩分配挡位级(TV)时或者在切换到第一混合动力挡位级(H1)时，在叠加式传动机构(25)中形成的负荷路径中接入刚好其中两个行星齿轮传动机构(PG1、PG2；PG1、PG3)，在切换到第二混合动力挡位级(H2)时，在叠加式传动机构(25)中形成的负荷路径中仅接入刚好其中一个行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)，
所述三个相互联接的行星齿轮传动机构(PG1、PG2、PG3)串联地、依次地相对于所述两个法兰轴(5、7)同轴地布置，输入侧的第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)利用其输入元件——该输入元件是太阳轮(27)——与由附加的动力装置(26)驱动的传动机构输入轴(29)以不能相对转动的方式连接，并且利用其输出元件——该输出元件是承载行星齿轮(33)的行星齿轮架(35)——通过混合动力输出法兰(32)与传动机构输出轴(41)连接，该传动机构输出轴与车桥差速器(3)的输入侧以驱动方式联接，第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的反应元件——该反应元件是与行星齿轮(33)啮合的齿圈(37)——能利用第二混合动力切换元件(SH2)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上或从该传动机构壳体松脱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，所述车桥是后桥，所述第一混合动力挡位级(H1)是起步挡位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，在第二混合动力挡位级(H2)中，第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的齿圈(37)通过第二混合动力切换元件(SH2)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上，从而产生从附加的动力装置(26)通过第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)直至车桥差速器(3)的输入侧的负荷路径。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，附加的动力装置(26)为了实现转矩转换而通过副轴级(31)——该副轴级是单级的圆柱齿轮级——与传动机构输入轴(29)联接，和/或附加的动力装置(26)与法兰轴(5、7)轴线平行地布置。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)的齿圈(39)和第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的齿圈(37)以不能相对转动的方式被安置在共同的径向外部的齿圈轴(36)上，该齿圈轴能通过第二混合动力切换元件(SH2)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上，并且齿圈轴(36)通过齿圈法兰(34)以不能相对转动的方式布置在中间轴(38)上，中间轴(38)附加地以不能相对转动的方式承载第一固定制动法兰(40)，该第一固定制动法兰能通过第二混合动力切换元件(SH2)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，在第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)中，齿圈(39)与行星齿轮(49)啮合，该行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架(51)上并且与太阳轮(47)啮合，该太阳轮能通过力矩分配切换元件(STV)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上或从所述传动机构壳体松脱，太阳轮(47)以不能相对转动的方式布置在太阳轮轴(48)上，太阳轮轴(48)附加地以不能相对转动的方式承载第二固定制动法兰，该第二固定制动法兰能通过力矩分配切换元件(STV)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)的行星齿轮架(51)具有力矩分配输出法兰(24)，该力矩分配输出法兰以不能相对转动的方式布置在引导至车桥差速器(3)的力矩分配输出轴(23)上。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，车桥差速器(3)具有拉维尼奥型齿轮组，在拉维尼奥型齿轮组中，第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮(11)不仅与形成车桥差速器(3)的输入侧的径向外部的齿圈(13)啮合、与第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮(15)啮合，而且与大的第一太阳轮(17)啮合，而第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮(15)与小的第二太阳轮(19)啮合，其中，第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组转动支承在一个共同的行星齿轮架(21)上，所述大的第一太阳轮(17)以不能相对转动的方式位于力矩分配输出轴(23)上，所述小的第二太阳轮(19)以不能相对转动的方式位于传动机构侧的法兰轴(7)上，所述共同的行星齿轮架(21)以不能相对转动的方式位于另一法兰轴(5)上。
9.根据权利要求7所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，在切换到力矩分配挡位级(TV)时，第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)的太阳轮(47)通过力矩分配切换元件(STV)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上，从而产生从附加的动力装置(26)到第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架(35)上进行功率分配，其中，第一子负荷路径通过混合动力输出法兰(32)继续引导至传动机构输出轴(41)直至车桥差速器(3)的输入侧，第二子负荷路径通过第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的行星齿轮(33)和齿圈(37)以及齿圈轴(36)引导至第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)并且从那里通过力矩分配输出法兰(24)继续引导至力矩分配输出轴(23)。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)具有太阳轮(50)，该太阳轮以不能相对转动的方式布置在中间轴(38)上并且与行星齿轮(53)啮合，所述行星齿轮转动支承在行星齿轮架(55)上，其中，行星齿轮(53)与径向外部的齿圈(59)齿啮合，第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)的行星齿轮架(55)具有第三固定制动法兰，该第三固定制动法兰能通过第一混合动力切换元件(SH1)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上，第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)的齿圈(59)通过连接轴(61)与第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的行星齿轮架(35)以不能相对转动的方式连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，在第一混合动力挡位级(H1)中，第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)的行星齿轮架(55)借助于第一混合动力切换元件(SH1)制动固定在传动机构壳体(43)上，从而产生从附加的动力装置(26)到第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)中的负荷路径，在该第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星齿轮架(35)上进行功率分配，其中，主负荷路径从混合动力输出法兰(32)继续引导至传动机构输出轴(41)直至车桥差速器(3)的输入侧，副负荷路径通过第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的行星齿轮(33)和齿圈(37)以及齿圈轴(36)引导至第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)并且从第三行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈(59)通过连接轴(61)引回至第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的行星齿轮架(35)。
12.根据权利要求6所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，传动机构输出轴(41)具有外轴部段(42)，该外轴部段在径向内部界定结构空间，第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)和第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)布置在该结构空间中，和/或沿车辆横向方向(y)观察，第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)布置在车辆内部，第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)布置在车辆外部，而第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)布置在第二行星齿轮传动机构(PG2)与第三行星齿轮传动机构(PG3)之间。
13.根据权利要求10所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，形成为内空心轴的传动机构输入轴(29)以及承载第一行星齿轮传动机构(PG1)的行星齿轮架(35)的连接轴(61)、中间轴(38)和传动机构侧的法兰轴(7)彼此同轴地并且嵌套地布置。
14.根据权利要求6所述的驱动设备，其特征在于，传动机构输出轴(41)设计为外空心轴，传动机构输出轴(41)、作为内空心轴的力矩分配输出轴(23)和传动机构侧的法兰轴(7)彼此同轴地并且嵌套地布置。
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