CN111342676A - 一种可预充电的dcdc变换电路 - Google Patents

一种可预充电的dcdc变换电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111342676A
CN111342676A CN202010187973.6A CN202010187973A CN111342676A CN 111342676 A CN111342676 A CN 111342676A CN 202010187973 A CN202010187973 A CN 202010187973A CN 111342676 A CN111342676 A CN 111342676A
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China
Prior art keywords
conversion module
power switch
side conversion
voltage side
charging
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CN202010187973.6A
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刘钧
冯颖盈
姚顺
张昌盛
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Shenzhen Vmax Power Co Ltd
Shenzhen VMAX New Energy Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Vmax Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010187973.6A priority Critical patent/CN111342676A/zh
Publication of CN111342676A publication Critical patent/CN111342676A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/101127 priority patent/WO2021184603A1/zh
Priority to DE112020000089.3T priority patent/DE112020000089T5/de
Priority to KR1020210032278A priority patent/KR102579449B1/ko
Priority to FR2102411A priority patent/FR3108455B1/fr
Priority to JP2021039990A priority patent/JP7185336B2/ja
Priority to US17/203,894 priority patent/US11616451B2/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，包括连接主变压器T1原边绕组的高压侧转换模块，连接主变压器副边绕组的低压侧转换模块，以及控制高、低压侧转换模块的控制器，在低压侧转换模块直流母线中串接预充电模块，所述预充电模块在整机上电时向连接在高压侧转换模块直流母线上的用电设备电容进行预充电；本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，本发明是基于原有DCDC变换器进行的改进，预充电模块与正向DCDC共用绝大部分功率器件和功率回路,只增加了少量器件，相比于独立的预充电支路降低了体积和成本，且控制方式简单。

Description

一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路
技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车充电技术领域，具体涉及一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路。
背景技术
随着节能减排，以及控制大气污染的需求，新能源汽车逐渐在市场商用，而电动汽车更是新能源汽车的主力军。电动汽车用电设备具有有较大的等效电容，在整机启动时，瞬间的充电电流非常大，容易烧毁电路或造成不安全因素。为解决该问题，现有技术是在高压电池和用电设备之间的主继电器旁并联一条预充电支路，先用小电流缓慢给电容充电，等电容电压升高充电电流变小之后再闭合主继电器。现有技术中预充电支路是与主继电器S1并联的（参看图1示出的本发明整机控制原理框图，在主继电器S1两端并联预充电支路即为现有技术，该预充电支路用虚线连接，表示在本发明中不存在这样的连接），预充电支路和DCDC变换器是分离的，具有元件多、体积大、成本高、控制复杂的缺陷。
因此，如何设计一种将预充电功能集成在DCDC变换器中，尽可能复用现有DCDC器件，减小体积、降低成本的DCDC变换电路是业界亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述缺陷，本发明提出一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路。
本发明采用的技术方案是一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，包括连接主变压器T1原边绕组的高压侧转换模块，连接主变压器副边绕组的低压侧转换模块，以及控制高、低压侧转换模块的控制器，在低压侧转换模块直流母线中串接预充电模块，所述预充电模块在整机上电时向连接在高压侧转换模块直流母线上的用电设备电容进行预充电。
所述预充电模块包括次变压器L1，次变压器的原边绕组串接在所述低压侧转换模块直流母线中，次变压器副边绕组的一端连接第九二极管D9的阳极，次变压器副边绕组的另一端连接所述高压侧转换模块负极母线和第五电容C5的一端，第九二极管的阴极连接第五电容的另一端和高压侧转换模块正极母线。
在预充电时控制器向低压侧转换模块中的功率开关发送第一PWM控制信号，将低压侧转换模块连接的直流电转换成交流电、并通过所述次变压器L1和第九二极管D9向高压侧转换模块传输电能。
在预充电时控制器控制高压侧转换模块中上桥臂的功率开关截止，向高压侧转换模块中下桥臂中的功率开关发送第二PWM控制信号。
所述预充电包括缓起阶段和闭环充电阶段，在缓起阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比的范围为0%至50%，在闭环充电阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比为50%。
所述高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。
所述高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。
所述低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。
所述低压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6、第七功率开关Q7、第八功率开关Q8。
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是：
本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，本发明是基于原有DCDC变换器进行的改进，预充电模块与正向DCDC共用功率器件和功率回路，只增加了少量器件，相比于独立的预充电支路降低了体积和成本，且控制方式简单。
附图说明
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明，其中：
图1是本发明整机控制原理框图；
图2是本发明实施例一全桥+推挽方式的电路图；
图3是本发明预充电控制时序图；
图4是本发明实施例二全桥+全波整流方式的电路图；
图5是本发明实施例三全桥+全桥整流的电路图；
图6是本发明实施例四半桥+推挽方式的电路图；
图7是本发明实施例五半桥+全波整流方式的电路图；
图8是本发明实施例六半桥+全桥整流的电路图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明公开了一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，包括连接主变压器T1原边绕组的高压侧转换模块，连接主变压器副边绕组的低压侧转换模块，以及控制高、低压侧转换模块的控制器，在低压侧转换模块直流母线中串接预充电模块，所述预充电模块在整机上电时向连接在高压侧转换模块直流母线上的用电设备电容进行预充电。预充电属于反向工作。在预充电结束后：本电路可以长期处于反向工作；也可以停止反向工作转入正向工作，即高压侧转换模块向用电设备电容正常供电、并向低压侧转换模块供电。
参看图1示出的本发明整机控制原理框图，在整机启动时，主继电器断开高压电池包，由低压蓄电池通过DCDC变换电路向用电设备等效电容充电（图1中的双向DCDC变换器即为本申请要求保护的电路），先用小电流缓慢给用电设备等效电容预充电，等电容电压升高充电电流变小之后结束预充电，闭合主继电器，由高压电池包给用电设备供电、并通过DCDC变换器向低压蓄电池和低压侧的其它负载供电。
参看图2示出的实施例一，所述预充电模块包括次变压器L1，次变压器的原边绕组串接在所述低压侧转换模块直流母线中，次变压器副边绕组的一端连接第九二极管D9的阳极，次变压器副边绕组的另一端连接所述高压侧转换模块负极母线和第五电容C5的一端，第九二极管的阴极连接第五电容的另一端和高压侧转换模块正极母线。
在预充电时控制器向低压侧转换模块中的功率开关（图2中的Q5、Q6）发送第一PWM控制信号，将低压侧转换模块连接的直流电转换成交流电、并通过所述次变压器L1和第九二极管D9向高压侧转换模块传输电能。
在预充电时控制器控制高压侧转换模块中上桥臂的功率开关（图2中的Q1、Q2）截止，向高压侧转换模块中下桥臂中的功率开关（图2中的Q3、Q4）发送第二PWM控制信号。
下面结合图2详述本发明工作原理：
图2中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6功率场效应管，其中二极管D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6分别为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6的体二极管。
正向工作时为全桥工作模式，高压侧直流电压V1通过MOS管Q1~Q4斩波转换交流电压，通过变压器T1传输到副级，经Q5、Q6整流以及L1和电容5进行滤波后转换成直流电压V2。
第一PWM控制信号S5、S6控制Q5、Q6，S5、S6的占空比一致，相位相差180°。第二PWM控制信号S3、S4控制Q3、Q4，Q3、Q4同步导通和截止，频率为S5和S6的两倍。反向工作时为推挽加升压模式，推挽模式下，S5、S6输出占空比一致，相位相差180°，S5、S6占空比小于50%时设置为缓起策略，V2直流电压经过MOS管Q5、Q6斩波转换成交流电压，通过变压器T1转换到V1侧，经D1~D4管及电容C1、C2整流滤波后转换成V1，S3、S4同时导通会给L1额外储能，L1存储的能量经过反激绕组回路释放到V1侧；升压模式下, S5、S6占空比大于50%且保持固定，S1、S2为低电平，调节S3、S4占空比来控制输出电压，Q3、Q4同时导通，即T1的V1侧线圈短路，此时电感L1储能，当Q3、Q4关断时，L1存储的能量经过变压器T1或反激绕组回路释放到V1侧（取决于V1侧输出电压）。
在较佳实施例中，所述预充电包括缓起阶段和闭环充电阶段，在缓起阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比的范围为0%至50%，在闭环充电阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比为50%。所述第二PWM控制的控制属于闭环控制，可以根据输出电压进行控制，第二PWM控制信号的范围为0%至50%以上。
参看图3示出的预充电控制时序图，左侧属于缓起阶段，右侧属于闭环充电阶段。左侧控制Q5、Q6的信号S5、S6占空比小于50%，到右侧后占空比固定为50%。
在一些实施例中，所述高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。
在另一些实施例中，所述高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。
在另外一些实施例中，所述低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。
还有一些实施例中，所述低压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6、第七功率开关Q7、第八功率开关Q8。
参看图2示出的本发明实施例一全桥+全波整流方式的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。Q1、Q2为两个上桥臂，Q3、Q4为两个下桥臂。低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。Q5和Q6都连接电压侧负极直流母线。
参看图4示出的本发明实施例二全桥+全波整流方式的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。Q1、Q2为两个上桥臂，Q3、Q4为两个下桥臂。低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。Q5和Q6都连接电压侧正极直流母线。
参看图5示出的本发明实施例三全桥+全桥整流的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。Q1、Q2为两个上桥臂，Q3、Q4为两个下桥臂。低压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6、第七功率开关Q7、第八功率开关Q8。Q6和Q7同步开关，Q5和Q8同步开关。
参看图6示出的本发明实施例四半桥+全波整流方式的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。预充电时，Q1保持截止，Q3接收第二PWM控制信号的控制。低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。Q5和Q6都连接电压侧负极直流母线。
参看图7示出的本发明实施例五半桥+全波整流方式的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。预充电时，Q1保持截止，Q3接收第二PWM控制信号的控制。低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。Q5和Q6都连接电压侧正极直流母线。
参看图8示出的本发明实施例六半桥+全桥整流的电路图，其高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。预充电时，Q1保持截止，Q3接收第二PWM控制信号的控制。低压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6、第七功率开关Q7、第八功率开关Q8。Q6和Q7同步开关，Q5和Q8同步开关。
以上实施例仅为举例说明，非起限制作用。任何未脱离本申请精神与范畴，而对其进行的等效修改或变更，均应包含于本申请的权利要求范围之中。

Claims (9)

1.一种可预充电的DCDC变换电路，包括连接主变压器T1原边绕组的高压侧转换模块，连接主变压器副边绕组的低压侧转换模块，以及控制高、低压侧转换模块的控制器，其特征在于：在低压侧转换模块直流母线中串接预充电模块，所述预充电模块在整机上电时向连接在高压侧转换模块直流母线上的用电设备电容进行预充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述预充电模块包括次变压器L1，次变压器的原边绕组串接在所述低压侧转换模块直流母线中，次变压器副边绕组的一端连接第九二极管D9的阳极，次变压器副边绕组的另一端连接所述高压侧转换模块负极母线和第五电容C5的一端，第九二极管的阴极连接第五电容的另一端和高压侧转换模块正极母线。
3.如权利要求2所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：在预充电时控制器向低压侧转换模块中的功率开关发送第一PWM控制信号，将低压侧转换模块连接的直流电转换成交流电、并通过所述次变压器L1和第九二极管D9向高压侧转换模块传输电能。
4.如权利要求3所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：在预充电时控制器控制高压侧转换模块中上桥臂的功率开关截止，向高压侧转换模块中下桥臂中的功率开关发送第二PWM控制信号。
5.如权利要求3所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述预充电包括缓起阶段和闭环充电阶段，在缓起阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比的范围为0%至50%，在闭环充电阶段第一PWM控制信号的占空比为50%。
6.如权利要求4所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述高压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第二功率开关Q2、第三功率开关Q3、第四功率开关Q4。
7.如权利要求4所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述高压侧转换模块采用半桥整流结构，包括第一功率开关Q1、第三功率开关Q3。
8.如权利要求4所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述低压侧转换模块采用推挽结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6。
9.如权利要求4所述的可预充电的DCDC变换电路，其特征在于：所述低压侧转换模块采用全桥结构，包括第五功率开关Q5、第六功率开关Q6、第七功率开关Q7、第八功率开关Q8。
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US11616451B2 (en) 2023-03-28
FR3108455B1 (fr) 2024-09-13
WO2021184603A1 (zh) 2021-09-23
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