CN111333461A - Method for utilizing biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on agricultural park and special equipment thereof - Google Patents
Method for utilizing biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on agricultural park and special equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for utilizing a biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on an agricultural park and special equipment thereof. The optimal configuration of the crop planting in the agricultural park is realized through the development of a targeted biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for utilizing products after biomass pyrolysis and special equipment thereof, in particular to a method for utilizing a biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on an agricultural park and special equipment thereof.
Background
The nutrition of crops comes from 70% of chemical fertilizers, but due to the easy solubility of current commercial fertilizers, the release rate of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in unit time is far greater than the absorption rate of crops, so that the problems of low utilization rate of the crops nutrients, reduced crop quality and yield, environmental pollution and the like are caused. For example, in general, cereals and vegetable crops can only absorb about 33% of the total nitrogen content in the fertilizer, and even if the nitrogen retention rate of the common urea nitrogen fertilizer in the soil-plant system is not more than 50%, mainly because under the action of irrigation or rain water, ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen in the soil is lost through the wetting action and enters underground water, and meanwhile, certain pollution is caused to drinking water sources, and the ammonium nitrogen directly contacting with the soil can also generate denitrification or volatilization, so that N is used as the nitrogen2O and NH3Is lost in the form of losses into the atmosphere and at the same time exacerbates the greenhouse effect.
The slow controlled release fertilizer is a fertilizer which has slow release rate of fertilizer nutrients and longer release period and can meet the growth requirement of crops in the whole growth period of the crops, and is an effective means for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, the existing slow/controlled release fertilizer has the problems of high production cost, high market price and high technical process requirement, is not beneficial to marketing and popularization, some high polymers are difficult to degrade and can pollute soil, and some coating materials are easy to damp and damage and have relatively high requirements on storage and transportation conditions.
The biomass comprises various crop straws, other agricultural and forestry residual wastes and the like. The existing agriculture and forestry waste biomass recycling scheme mainly has the following defects: (1) for the product of biomass fast pyrolysis reaction of the collected agricultural and forestry waste, the biochar can be well utilized for returning to the field, and the biological oil is relatively lack of utilization for returning to the field; (2) the carbon-based slow release fertilizer on the market at present is prepared by simply mixing biochar and the fertilizer, and the prepared carbon-based slow release fertilizer has very limited slow release capacity; (3) most of the prior controlled release fertilizer coating materials are artificial polymeric coating materials, so the cost is higher, and the environmental pollution is not avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for utilizing a biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on an agricultural park, which is characterized in that products obtained by pyrolysis of waste biomass are utilized in a grading manner, the biomass-based slow-release and controlled-release material is respectively processed to obtain the biomass-based slow-release and controlled-release material, and the comprehensive utilization is realized by classified application of specific crops, so that the final purposes of making the best use of the materials, protecting the environment and reducing the cost are. The other purpose of the invention is to provide special equipment for the utilization method.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for utilizing biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release materials based on an agricultural park, which comprises the steps of carrying out biomass fast pyrolysis reaction on agricultural and forestry wastes generated in the agricultural park, wherein pyrolysis products comprise pyrolysis gas, bio-oil and bio-carbon, and repeatedly carrying out graded utilization on the bio-carbon and the bio-oil obtained by conversion:
(1) pre-burning the pyrolysis gas to obtain pre-burning flue gas, wherein the pre-burning flue gas is used for providing energy for pyrolysis reaction; the pyrolysis gas is mixed with excess air in a pre-combustion material storage tank for pre-combustion, and pre-combustion flue gas is fed into a pyrolysis bed for combustion to provide energy for pyrolysis reaction;
(2) the biochar and the grading utilization method of the slow-release fertilizer prepared based on the biochar mainly comprise the following steps:
firstly, recovering agricultural and forestry wastes which are mainly straws in an agricultural park for rapid pyrolysis treatment to produce pyrolysis gas, biochar and bio-oil;
secondly, extracting the solid product biochar in the pyrolysis product, and roasting and activating to obtain active biochar;
thirdly, mixing the roasted and activated active biochar with a fertilizer and adding a proper amount of distilled water, stirring at a low temperature, and drying to obtain a mixture, namely the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer;
and fourthly, returning the obtained biochar-based slow release fertilizer to an agricultural park for increasing the yield of large-scale crops in the park.
Wherein, the agricultural and forestry waste is subjected to grain grinding and drying, and then is subjected to biomass fast pyrolysis reaction. And (3) performing roasting activation in a roasting bed in a high-temperature pure nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the activation temperature can be 600-800 ℃, performing suction filtration and washing with distilled water to be neutral after activation is completed, and drying the obtained black product to obtain the activated charcoal. The mixing ratio of the active biochar to the fertilizer is preferably 1: 2-3, the fertilizer can be one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, for example, one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium oxide and a phosphorus mineral fertilizer is selected; mixing the activated biochar with a fertilizer and a proper amount of distilled water, stirring at a low temperature, and drying to obtain a mixture, namely the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer, wherein the stirring temperature can be 120-150 ℃. Compared with the charcoal-based slow release fertilizer prepared by simple mixing in the current market, the charcoal-based slow release fertilizer obtained by the steps can more effectively reduce the leaching loss rate of nitrogen and potassium elements in the fertilizer by virtue of the abundant pore structure and the huge specific surface area of the active charcoal, so that the charcoal-based slow release fertilizer can be returned to farmlands for increasing the yield of large-scale crops, such as wheat, rice and the like, namely the charcoal-based slow release fertilizer is used for fertilizing the wheat or the rice.
(3) The grading utilization method of the bio-oil and the controlled release fertilizer prepared based on the bio-oil mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, recovering agricultural and forestry wastes which are mainly straws in an agricultural park for rapid pyrolysis treatment to produce pyrolysis gas, biochar and bio-oil;
secondly, extracting condensable gas, namely bio-oil, from the pyrolysis product, and mixing the condensable gas with a compound containing isocyanate group for reaction to generate bio-based polyurethane resin;
thirdly, adding a hydrophobic organic silicon compound into the bio-based polyurethane resin to modify the membrane material;
fourthly, the hydrophobic coating material is used as a coating of the fertilizer to prepare a coated controlled release fertilizer, and the modified coating material is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles by a drum coating machine to form the coated fertilizer, namely the coated controlled release fertilizer;
and fifthly, returning the coated controlled release fertilizer to an agricultural park for cultivating high-value crops in the greenhouse.
Wherein, the agricultural and forestry waste is subjected to grain grinding and drying, and then is subjected to biomass fast pyrolysis reaction. The bio-oil is mainly obtained by pyrolyzing straw biomass such as rice, wheat straw, corn stalk and the like, and can contain straw biomass (such as corn stalk), herbaceous biomass (such as alfalfa) and woody biomass (such as poplar) depending on the types of crops planted in an agricultural park. The biomass pyrolytic bio-oil is rich in polyhydroxy compounds and has natural polymerization film-forming characteristics, so that the biomass pyrolytic bio-oil can react with compounds containing isocyanate to generate bio-based polyurethane resin, and the compounds containing isocyanate can be selected from but not limited to polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate, and the dosage can be referred to n (OH) and N (NCO) as 1: 1; the hydrophobic organosilicon compound used for modification can be selected from, but is not limited to, siloxanes, and can be used in an amount of n (OH) to N (NCO) to n (siloxanes) of 1: 0.2. The final product of the coated controlled-release fertilizer can realize the functions of water and fertilizer unification, intelligent slow control and fertilizer utilization rate improvement due to the characteristics of water swelling and water loss shrinkage of the modified film material, so that the final product of the coated controlled-release fertilizer can be returned to an agricultural park and used for cultivating high-value crops in a greenhouse, such as greenhouse crops like flowers and vegetables, and the flowers or the vegetables and the fruits are fertilized by the coated controlled-release fertilizer. The bio-oil modified film material obtained by the invention can effectively replace the traditional artificial polymer coating material in the current market so as to solve the problems of high price and environmental pollution of the coating material.
The biomass fast pyrolysis refers to that biomass raw material is rapidly heated under the condition of complete oxygen deficiency or low oxygen content and is pyrolyzed into pyrolytic carbon powder, namely, biochar and mixed steam. The mixed steam is rapidly condensed into a liquid called bio-oil, and the part of gas which can not be condensed is called pyrolysis gas. After being roasted and activated, the biochar has rich pore structures and huge specific surface area, so that the biochar has huge potential as a fertilizer carrier, can better solve the problem of large loss of a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of a crop chemical fertilizer, and increase the absorption of crops, but the carbon-based slow release fertilizer on the market at present is prepared by simply mixing the biochar and the fertilizer, and the slow release capacity of the simply prepared carbon-based slow release fertilizer is very limited. Because the bio-oil has natural polymerization film-forming characteristics, the bio-oil can be used as a controlled-release fertilizer coating material after being processed and modified, and the traditional artificial polymer coating material is generally high polymer materials such as petroleum, artificial resin and the like, so that the price is high, the environment is not environment-friendly enough, the bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis has low acquisition cost, the raw materials are clean, and compared with the traditional materials, the bio-oil is easier to acquire and is economical and practical.
Preferably, the agricultural and forestry wastes of different types in the agricultural park are subjected to biomass fast pyrolysis reaction for multiple times, a corresponding biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database is established, and a correlation model between biomass pyrolysis oil production influence factors and products in the agricultural park is established on the basis of the database. A biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database is established through a plurality of times of biomass fast pyrolysis experiments, and the database mainly comprises woody, herbaceous and straw biomass commonly seen in agricultural parks, such as poplar sawdust, alfalfa, corn stalks, rice straws and the like. And a correlation model between the biomass pyrolysis oil production influence factors and the products is established on the basis of the database, so that data support is provided for formulating personalized schemes for different agricultural parks. According to the biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database and the correlation model between the biomass pyrolysis oil production influence factors and the products, the most suitable pyrolysis conditions and fertilizer processing conditions can be provided for agricultural parks with different crop types and distribution conditions, so that the fertilizer types and the yields obtained by processing the pyrolysis products are matched with the cultivation requirements of crops in different parks, and the optimal configuration of crop planting in the agricultural parks is realized.
The pyrolysis method and the product component analysis method are all known technical methods in the field, and the modeling method of the correlation model is a known SVM algorithm.
The invention also provides special equipment for the utilization method, which comprises a pyrolysis device, a condenser, a dryer, a bio-oil storage tank, a reaction bed and a coating machine which are sequentially connected, wherein the pyrolysis device is also connected with a roasting bed and a stirring bed; the agricultural and forestry wastes enter a pyrolysis device to carry out pyrolysis reaction, and after obtained gas is respectively condensed and dried by a condenser and a dryer, the non-condensable gas is sent to the pyrolysis device to be combusted for providing energy for the pyrolysis reaction; storing the condensable gas in a bio-oil storage tank, then sending the condensable gas into a reaction bed to react with a compound containing isocyanate groups, adding organic silicon to modify the condensed condensable gas to obtain a hydrophobic coating material, and uniformly spraying the hydrophobic coating material on the surface of fertilizer particles by a coating machine to obtain a coated controlled release fertilizer; and feeding the solid product obtained by the pyrolysis reaction into a roasting bed for roasting and activating to obtain activated charcoal, and feeding the activated charcoal into a stirring bed to be mixed with the fertilizer to obtain the biological slow-release fertilizer.
Further, the equipment also comprises a pre-fuel storage tank, the pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis bed and a combustion bed for providing energy, and the non-condensable gas is mixed with the fuel in the pre-fuel storage tank and then is conveyed to the combustion bed for combustion.
Further, the equipment also comprises a raw material processing device, wherein the raw material processing device comprises a pulverizer and a dryer for abrasive particles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that,
(1) the invention provides a utilization method of a biomass-based fertilizer slow-release controlled-release material for agricultural and forestry waste generating a large amount of straws, and provides a comprehensive and specific method for grading utilization of biomass pyrolysis products, namely biochar and bio-oil. The method realizes real cyclic utilization and best utilization of the materials in the agricultural park, and each product obtained by pyrolysis is fully utilized, so that the cyclic utilization reaches the maximum utilization rate. Wherein the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace to be combusted, and the energy is continuously provided for the fast pyrolysis reaction; the bio-oil is prepared into a fertilizer controlled release agent after reaction modification to coat the fertilizer, and the fertilizer controlled release agent is used for cultivating high-value crops; the biochar is roasted and activated and then mixed with the fertilizer to prepare the slow release fertilizer, and the slow release fertilizer is used for increasing the yield of large-scale crops. The slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer product is obtained by processing cheap biological carbon and biological oil, so that a relatively ideal slow-release and controlled-release effect is realized, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
(2) According to the invention, the cheap activation technology of the biochar after the biomass fast pyrolysis is utilized, the defects of the existing carbon-based fertilizer can be overcome, the slow release capability of the fertilizer is further enhanced, and the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients can be greatly reduced when the fertilizer is used in a large scale; the technology for preparing the fertilizer controlled release film by using the bio-oil utilizes the natural polymerization film forming property of the bio-oil, avoids the additional cost increased by the bio-oil modification treatment process, and is more economical and practical and easier to obtain compared with the traditional artificial polymerization coating material.
(3) The sustained-release and controlled-release material is prepared by utilizing a biomass base, so that bidirectional cleaning is realized:
A. cleaning raw materials: the raw materials used in the invention are all from agricultural and forestry wastes, belong to renewable biomass energy, can reduce the application of petrochemical products, greatly reduce the production cost of the controlled release fertilizer, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the controlled release film;
B. cleaning a product: the slow-release and controlled-release material obtained by the technology belongs to an environment-friendly material, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile, the soil is not polluted.
(4) Based on the biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database and the correlation model between the biomass pyrolysis oil production influence factors and the products, the invention can adjust the scheme to enable the type and the yield of the fertilizer processed by the pyrolysis products to be matched with the cultivation requirements of crops in different gardens, and further realizes the targeted optimal configuration of the planting of the crops in different agricultural gardens on the basis of originally improving the recycling rate of agricultural and forestry wastes. The technology can be used for providing an individualized and integrated optimal recycling scheme aiming at agricultural parks in different regions and with different characteristics, pointedly improving the comprehensive benefit of the agricultural parks and promoting the ecological cycle development of the parks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dedicated apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the calculated pine pyrolysis oil yield model of example 3 as a function of temperature;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the calculated values of the pine pyrolyzation char yield and gas yield model as a function of temperature for example 3, wherein (a) is a graph showing the calculated values of the char yield model as a function of temperature, and (b) is a graph showing the calculated values of the gas yield model as a function of temperature.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The method comprises the steps of grading utilization of three products in the biomass pyrolysis process, comprehensive utilization of a slow-release and controlled-release material obtained by biomass pyrolysis processing and special equipment under the utilization method, and carries out multiple biomass fast pyrolysis reactions on different types of agricultural and forestry waste in an agricultural park, establishes a biomass pyrolysis oil-making characteristic database, and establishes a correlation model between biomass pyrolysis oil-making influence factors and products in the agricultural park on the basis of the database.
(1) Fractional utilization of three products in biomass pyrolysis process
Agricultural and forestry wastes in agricultural parks are converted into three products, namely biochar (solid product), bio-oil (condensable gas) and pyrolysis gas (non-condensable gas) through a biomass fast pyrolysis technology. Pyrolysis gas is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace to provide energy for pyrolysis reaction; the straw biomass pyrolysis bio-oil is rich in polyhydroxy compounds, can be mixed with compounds containing isocyanate groups to react to generate bio-based polyurethane resin, then hydrophobic organic silicon compounds are added to modify the membrane material, the modified membrane material is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles of a rotary drum coating machine under the conditions of a certain rotating speed and temperature, and the rapid reaction is carried out to form a membrane, so as to prepare the controlled release fertilizer; and (3) pyrolyzing the product biochar, further roasting and activating to obtain active biochar, and mixing the active biochar with the preferable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to a certain proportion to obtain the biochar-based slow release fertilizer.
(2) Comprehensive utilization of slow-release and controlled-release material obtained by biomass pyrolysis processing
The biochar-based slow release fertilizer and the coated controlled release fertilizer are used for increasing the yield and cultivating the next batch of crops in the agricultural park. The biochar-based slow-release fertilizer obtained by processing the biochar can slow down the release speed of the fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and is used for increasing the yield of large-scale crops; the controlled release fertilizer obtained after the bio-oil processing treatment can realize unified and intelligent slow control of water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improve the soil structure, and is used for cultivating small-scale high-value crops.
(3) The special equipment for the utilization method
As shown in figure 1, the special equipment comprises a pyrolysis device, a condenser, a dryer 10, a bio-oil storage tank 9, a reaction bed 11 and a coating machine 12 which are connected in sequence, wherein the pyrolysis device is also connected with a roasting bed 17 and a stirring bed 15, and the equipment further comprises a pre-fuel storage tank 6, a raw material processing device, a conveying device 3 and a fertilizer conveying device 14. The system comprises a condenser, a raw material processing device and a control device, wherein the condenser comprises a primary condenser 7 and a secondary condenser 8, the pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis bed 5 and a combustion bed 4 for providing energy, and the raw material processing device comprises a pulverizer 1 for abrasive particles and a raw material dryer 2; the precombustion material storage tank 6 is connected with the combustion bed 4, the pulverizer 1, the raw material dryer 2 and the conveyer 3 are sequentially connected, agricultural wastes collected from the greenhouse 13 and the farmland 16 are ground into particles with proper sizes through the pulverizer 1, the particles are dried through the raw material dryer 2, then the particles are conveyed into the pyrolysis bed 5 through the conveyer 3 to carry out pyrolysis reaction, and the obtained gas is condensed through the primary condenser 7 and the secondary condenser 8; the non-condensable gas (namely pyrolysis gas) obtained after drying by the dryer 10 is mixed with the fuel in the pre-fuel storage 6 for pre-combustion and then is conveyed to the combustion bed 4 to provide reaction energy; the condensed liquid (i.e. bio-oil) obtained after drying by the dryer 10 is stored in a bio-oil storage tank 9, then the bio-oil is sent to a reaction bed 11 to react with a compound containing isocyanate groups and added with organic silicon for modification, the obtained hydrophobic coating material is uniformly sprayed on a coating machine 12 to be mixed with the fertilizer conveyed by a fertilizer conveying device 14 to obtain a coated controlled release fertilizer, and then the coated controlled release fertilizer is sent to a greenhouse 13 to be used for fertilizing high-value crops in the greenhouse to realize the increase of yield.
The biochar obtained by the pyrolysis reaction of the pyrolysis bed 5 is roasted and activated by the roasting bed 17 to obtain active biochar, then the active biochar is mixed with the fertilizer conveyed by the fertilizer conveying device 14 in proportion, the mixture is uniformly stirred by the stirring bed 15 to obtain biological slow-release fertilizer, and the biological slow-release fertilizer is conveyed to a farmland 16 to fertilize large-scale crops in the farmland to realize yield increase. The recycling development process of environmental protection is realized by recycling the agricultural and forestry wastes of the greenhouse 13 and the farmland 16.
Example 1:
this example provides a staged utilization of the pyrolysis product. 1kg of wheat straw is crushed to a particle size of 200 meshes or about 0.6-0.8 mm by a pulverizer 1, then the wheat straw is sent to a dryer 2 for drying, then sent to a pyrolysis bed 5 for pyrolysis reaction, and the temperature of the pyrolysis bed is set to be 505 ℃ according to correlation models of biomass pyrolysis oil production influencing factors and products, the pyrolysis reaction time is set to be 3 hours, so that 0.29kg of product biochar, 0.52kg of bio-oil and 0.19kg of non-condensable gas are obtained.
0.19kg of non-condensable gas is mixed with excess air in the precombustion material storage tank 6 for precombustion, and precombustion flue gas enters the combustion bed 4 to provide energy for pyrolysis reaction.
0.29kg of charcoal is dried, roasted and activated by a roasting bed 17 to obtain 0.21kg of activated charcoal powder, the roasting and activation process is carried out in the roasting bed under the nitrogen atmosphere of 0.01MPa, the activation temperature is 600-800 ℃, the activation time is 3-6 h, the obtained black solid is filtered by sufficient distilled water to obtain the activated charcoal powder, 0.21kg of the activated charcoal powder, 0.5kg of urea (according to the proportion of 3: 7) and about 2kg of distilled water are put into a closed stirring bed 15 to be stirred at the low temperature of about 135 ℃, the activated charcoal powder is naturally cooled after being fully stirred for 2h, and the finally dried black product is the charcoal-based slow release fertilizer.
0.52kg of bio-oil is fully magnetically stirred with 0.39kg of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (n (OH) and N (NCO) of 1: 1, then 30g of siloxane is added to be fully magnetically stirred again (n (OH) and N (NCO)) and n (siloxane) of 1: 0.2), the mixture is fully mixed after being dispersed by ultrasonic wave for 20-30 min, 1kg of urea is filled into a rotary coating machine 12 and preheated for 10-20 min at 80 ℃, about 10g of bio-oil mixture is added into the coating machine, the mixture is thrown to the surface of the urea by the rotation of the coating machine, and the thermal curing reaction time is about 10-15 min, so that about 1% coated bio-oil-based coated controlled release fertilizer can be obtained. The process is repeated for 3-5 times to obtain the coated controlled release fertilizer with the coating of about 3 percent, and the process is repeated for 7-10 times to obtain the coated controlled release fertilizer with the coating of 5-7 percent.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a comprehensive utilization mode of the slow-release and controlled-release material obtained by biomass pyrolysis processing.
In a small agricultural park, 13 crops of main farmlands are wheat, 16 crops of main greenhouse are cucumber, the acre yield of the used wheat straws is about 600kg, the urea amount used in one acre of medium-fertility wheat field is 13-15 kg per year, the greenhouse cucumber needs to be fertilized twice in one period, 5-10 kg of urea is obtained per acre, 600kg of wheat straws can obtain 240kg of biochar and 240kg of bio-oil under the optimal pyrolysis condition obtained by a correlation model, the 240kg of biochar can prepare 300kg of biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the fertilizer is used for increasing the yield and cultivating 20-25 acres of wheat fields each year, the 240kg of bio-oil can prepare 480kg of coated controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilizer can be used for increasing the yield and cultivating 20-30 acres of greenhouse cucumber fields each year. Wherein, the biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and the coated slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are prepared by adopting the special equipment.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a practical model of a correlation model of biomass pyrolysis oil production influencing factors and products.
In this embodiment, pine is taken as an example, a biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database is established through several times of biomass fast pyrolysis reaction tests, and a correlation model between biomass pyrolysis oil production influencing factors and products in the agricultural park is established based on the database. The change of the calculated value of the pine pyrolysis oil yield model with the temperature is shown in fig. 2, and the pine pyrolysis oil yield is increased and then decreased with the increase of the temperature, which is consistent with the practical experimental data. The prediction precision can be effectively improved through the machine learning algorithm model. The results in fig. 2 show that the temperature point at which the pine pyrolysis oil yield is maximized corresponds to 534 c, which corresponds to an optimized oil yield of 59.11%. The charcoal yield and gas yield of pine pyrolysis as a function of temperature are shown in fig. 3, in which fig. 3(a) is a graph showing the calculated value of the charcoal yield model as a function of temperature, and fig. 3(b) is a graph showing the calculated value of the gas yield model as a function of temperature. It can be seen that, as the temperature increases, the carbon yield value calculated by the carbon yield model shows a monotonous descending trend, and the gas yield value calculated by the gas yield model shows a monotonous ascending trend, which is consistent with the actual experimental results.
Claims (10)
1. A method for utilizing a biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on an agricultural park is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing agricultural and forestry wastes generated in an agricultural park, then carrying out biomass fast pyrolysis reaction, and carrying out reaction separation to obtain pyrolysis products, wherein the pyrolysis products comprise pyrolysis gas, bio-oil and biochar;
(2) roasting and activating the biochar to obtain activated biochar, mixing the activated biochar with the fertilizer, stirring, and drying to obtain a biochar-based slow release fertilizer; reacting bio-oil with a compound containing isocyanate group to generate bio-based polyurethane resin, adding organic silicon for modification to obtain a hydrophobic coating material, and using the hydrophobic coating material as a coating of the fertilizer to prepare the coated controlled-release fertilizer;
(3) and (3) carrying out graded utilization on pyrolysis products, carrying out pre-combustion on pyrolysis gas to obtain pre-combustion flue gas, wherein the pre-combustion flue gas is used for providing pyrolysis reaction energy, and returning the biochar-based slow release fertilizer and the coated controlled release fertilizer to the agricultural park for increasing the yield and cultivating crops.
2. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 1, characterized in that: and carrying out abrasive grain and drying on the agricultural and forestry waste, and then carrying out biomass fast pyrolysis reaction.
3. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roasting and activating process of the biochar is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the activating temperature is 600-800 ℃.
4. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 3, characterized in that: mixing the roasted and activated charcoal with a fertilizer and distilled water, stirring at a low temperature, and drying to obtain a mixture, namely the charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer, wherein the stirring temperature is 120-150 ℃.
5. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 1, characterized in that: the activated charcoal and the fertilizer are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 2-3, and the fertilizer is one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
6. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biochar-based slow release fertilizer is used for fertilizing wheat or rice, and the coated controlled release fertilizer is used for fertilizing flowers, vegetables and fruits.
7. The method for utilizing the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park according to claim 1, characterized in that: carrying out biomass fast pyrolysis reaction on different types of agricultural and forestry waste in the agricultural park for multiple times, establishing a biomass pyrolysis oil production characteristic database, and establishing a correlation model between biomass pyrolysis oil production influence factors and products of the agricultural park on the basis of the database.
8. The special equipment for the utilization method of the biomass-based fertilizer slow-release and controlled-release material based on the agricultural park as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the device comprises a pyrolysis device, a condenser, a dryer, a bio-oil storage tank, a reaction bed and a coating machine which are connected in sequence, wherein the pyrolysis device is also connected with a roasting bed and a stirring bed; the method comprises the following steps that agricultural and forestry wastes enter a pyrolysis device to undergo pyrolysis reaction, obtained gas flows through a condenser and a dryer, then non-condensable gas is sent to the pyrolysis device to be combusted, the condensable gas is stored in a bio-oil storage tank, then the condensable gas is sent to a reaction bed to react with a compound containing isocyanate group, then organic silicon is added to modify the condensed gas to obtain a hydrophobic coating material, and the hydrophobic coating material is added into a coating machine to coat the fertilizer to obtain a coated controlled release fertilizer; and feeding the solid product obtained by the pyrolysis reaction into a roasting bed for roasting and activating to obtain activated charcoal, and feeding the activated charcoal into a stirring bed to be mixed and stirred with the fertilizer to obtain the biological slow-release fertilizer.
9. The dedicated apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: the device also comprises a pre-fuel storage tank, the pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis bed and a combustion bed for providing energy, and the non-condensable gas is mixed with the fuel in the pre-fuel storage tank and then is conveyed to the combustion bed for combustion.
10. The dedicated apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: the grinding device also comprises a raw material processing device, wherein the raw material processing device comprises a pulverizer and a dryer for the abrasive particles.
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Application publication date: 20200626 |