CN111304574A - 一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN111304574A
CN111304574A CN202010228253.XA CN202010228253A CN111304574A CN 111304574 A CN111304574 A CN 111304574A CN 202010228253 A CN202010228253 A CN 202010228253A CN 111304574 A CN111304574 A CN 111304574A
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姚元江
王洪玲
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Jurong Maoshan Traffic Engineering Galvanized Material Co Ltd
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    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，属于热镀锌钢板领域，工艺具体步骤如下：步骤一、除去钢材表面的油污；步骤二、一次水洗；步骤三、酸洗；步骤四、二次水洗；步骤五、磷化处理：首先将步骤四中洗净后的钢材进行镀锌处理，采用热镀锌的处理工艺，将钢材置于450～470℃的镀锌液中，镀锌2～3min；镀锌处理后用2%~4%的草酸水预处理，浸满草酸水后立即将钢材采用喷射法浸上磷化液，形成磷化膜，所述的磷化液中添加有促进剂；形成磷化膜后在130~150℃的高温中立即烘干；步骤六、钝化处理；本发明在不改变钢材内部结构成分的基础上，进行钢材表面处理，提高了钢材的耐腐蚀能力，能够达到防锈的目的。

Description

一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺
技术领域
本发明属于热镀锌钢板领域，具体涉及一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺。
背景技术
我国一直是产钢用钢的大国，我国的产钢多数是在东北地区，总所周知的是，目前的环境中污染物严重、同时伴随中空气中的水分、污浊物质，因为钢材表面极其容易生锈。
以往的技术中，人们主要进行钢铁的表面处理，譬如在钢铁的表面处理涂抹耐腐蚀的漆或者改变钢结构内部的成分使得钢的成分有所改变，但是我们需要明白的是，如果钢材的成分发生了变化，首先会使得板材的硬度等发生改变，这样会限制钢板材的使用范围。在某些领域，如果钢板材的含钢量不达标会存在使用不达标问题，如果成分发生变化的钢板材应用于桥梁等领域，由于板材含钢量发生变化，桥梁使用的危险性会急剧上升。
因此，尽管改变钢材内部成分可以很大程度的提高防锈能力，但是在应用范围上会缩小使用范围。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的问题，公开了一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，本发明在不改变钢材内部结构成分的基础上，进行钢材表面处理，提高了钢材的耐腐蚀能力，能够达到防锈的目的。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的防锈处理工艺具体步骤如下：
步骤一、采用碱液或者乳化剂除去钢材表面的油污；
步骤二、一次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤一后的钢材表面，洗净至无碱液或者乳化剂的残留为止；
步骤三、酸洗：将金属板材在PH为5~5.5的酸性环境中浸泡3~6小时，直至酸液中的颜色呈锈黄色不变色为止；
步骤四、二次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤三中酸化处理后的钢材表面，清洗至金属板材表面无锈黄色残留液为止；
步骤五、磷化处理：
5.1、首先将步骤四中洗净后的钢材进行镀锌处理，采用热镀锌的处理工艺，将钢材置于450～470℃的镀锌液中，镀锌2～3min；
5.2、镀锌处理后用2%~4%的草酸水预处理，浸满草酸水后立即将钢材采用喷射法浸上磷化液，形成磷化膜，所述的磷化液中添加有促进剂；
5.3、形成磷化膜后在130~150℃的高温中立即烘干；
步骤六、钝化处理：将烘干后的钢材置于酸性的铬酸盐水溶液中铬化处理，铬化处理后冷却至常温即可。
进一步，所述的磷化膜的膜重在3.0 ～4.0g/m2之间。
进一步，所述的步骤五中磷化液为FH-LHC1常温锌锰系的磷化液。
进一步，所述的磷化液中还添加有磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙；所述的磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙的添加比重为1:1。
进一步，所述的步骤五中促进剂为氧化物质，具体为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水、溴酸盐、碘酸盐、钼酸盐中的一种或者多种的组合。
进一步，所述的氧化物质为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水、溴酸盐、碘酸盐、钼酸盐中多种的组合时，各组分的质量比重均等。
本发明与现有技术的有益效果在于：
本发明在磷化处理时首先进行2%~4%的草酸水预处理可以使得预处理后的钢材比表面的附着力较强，以便后期的磷化处理中得到的磷化膜均匀，同时能够促使磷化膜的细化性以及成膜性，可以降低后期磷化处理的磷化膜的厚度；
本发明中的磷化中添加多种的氧化物质，譬如硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水、溴酸盐、碘酸盐、钼酸盐等，添加的氧化剂使得磷化膜更加致密完整，提高钢材的防锈能力；
本发明中在磷化处理之后又进行钝化处理可以进一步氧化磷化膜，使得其空隙部分进一步氧化，生成铬化膜，以提高单层磷化膜的防锈能力，同时能够提高钢材表面的耐腐蚀的能力。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚，明确，以下列举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当指出此处所描述的具体实施仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本实施例将制备的钢铁板材使用本发明的工艺进行处理，步骤如下：
步骤一、采用碱液或者乳化剂除去钢材表面的油污；
步骤二、一次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤一后的钢材表面，洗净至无碱液或者乳化剂的残留为止；
步骤三、酸洗：将金属板材在PH为5~5.5的酸性环境中浸泡3~6小时，直至酸液中的颜色呈锈黄色不变色为止；
步骤四、二次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤三中酸化处理后的钢材表面，清洗至金属板材表面无锈黄色残留液为止；
步骤五、磷化处理：
5.1、首先将步骤四中洗净后的钢材进行镀锌处理，采用热镀锌的处理工艺，将钢材置于450～470℃的镀锌液中，镀锌2～3min；
5.2、镀锌处理后用2%~4%的草酸水预处理，浸满草酸水后立即将钢材采用喷射法浸上磷化液，形成磷化膜，所述的磷化液中添加有促进剂，促进剂为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水三者的组合；其中还添加磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙，添加比重为1:1。
5.3、形成磷化膜后在130~150℃的高温中立即烘干；形成的磷化膜的膜重在3.0～4.0g/m2之间；
步骤六、钝化处理：将烘干后的钢材置于酸性的铬酸盐水溶液中铬化处理，铬化处理后冷却至常温即可。
对比例
本对比实施例将与实施例1中同期制备的钢铁板材，使用的工艺进行处理，步骤如下：
步骤一、采用碱液或者乳化剂除去钢材表面的油污；
步骤二、一次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤一后的钢材表面，洗净至无碱液或者乳化剂的残留为止；
步骤三、酸洗：将金属板材在PH为5~5.5的酸性环境中浸泡3~6小时，直至酸液中的颜色呈锈黄色不变色为止；
步骤四、二次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤三中酸化处理后的钢材表面，清洗至金属板材表面无锈黄色残留液为止；
步骤五、磷化处理：
5.1、首先将步骤四中洗净后的钢材进行镀锌处理，采用热镀锌的处理工艺，将钢材置于450～470℃的镀锌液中，镀锌2～3min；
5.2、将钢材采用喷射法浸上磷化液，形成磷化膜，所述的磷化液中添加有促进剂，促进剂为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水三者的组合；其中还添加磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙，添加比重为1:1。
5.3、形成磷化膜后在130~150℃的高温中立即烘干；形成的磷化膜的膜重在3.0～4.0g/m2之间；
步骤六、钝化处理：将烘干后的钢材置于酸性的铬酸盐水溶液中铬化处理，铬化处理后冷却至常温即可。
本对比实施例中与实施例的差别在于，没有进行2%~4%的草酸水预处理以及铬化处理，将实施例1的钢材与对比实施例1的钢材做锈化试验对比，实施例1的钢材明显具备更佳的防锈化性能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的防锈处理工艺具体步骤如下：
步骤一、采用碱液或者乳化剂除去钢材表面的油污；
步骤二、一次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤一后的钢材表面，洗净至无碱液或者乳化剂的残留为止；
步骤三、酸洗：将金属板材在PH为5~5.5的酸性环境中浸泡3~6小时，直至酸液中的颜色呈锈黄色不变色为止；
步骤四、二次水洗：采用清水冲洗步骤三中酸化处理后的钢材表面，清洗至金属板材表面无锈黄色残留液为止；
步骤五、磷化处理：
5.1、首先将步骤四中洗净后的钢材进行镀锌处理，采用热镀锌的处理工艺，将钢材置于450～470℃的镀锌液中，镀锌2～3min；
5.2、镀锌处理后用2%~4%的草酸水预处理，浸满草酸水后立即将钢材采用喷射法浸上磷化液，形成磷化膜，所述的磷化液中添加有促进剂；
形成磷化膜后在130~150℃的高温中立即烘干；
步骤六、钝化处理：将烘干后的钢材置于酸性的铬酸盐水溶液中铬化处理，铬化处理后冷却至常温即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的磷化膜的膜重在3.0 ～4.0g/m2之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的步骤五中磷化液为FH-LHC1常温锌锰系的磷化液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的磷化液中还添加有磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙；所述的磷酸二氢锌、硝酸钙的添加比重为1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的步骤五中促进剂为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水、溴酸盐、碘酸盐、钼酸盐中的一种或者多种的组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺，其特征在于，所述的氧化物质为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、双氧水、溴酸盐、碘酸盐、钼酸盐中多种的组合时，各组分的质量比重均等。
CN202010228253.XA 2020-03-27 2020-03-27 一种钢材表面镀锌防锈处理工艺 Pending CN111304574A (zh)

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