CN111286074B - 聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料及其制备方法和应用,该制备方法,首先,采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球作为粉末原料,然后,将粉末原料置于模具中加热、加压成型得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。采用本发明的制备方法,有利于纳米羟基磷灰石在聚乳酸基体中的均匀分散,从而提高制品力学性能和抗冲击强度,且易于控制成型制品的微观形态,通过温度、压力调节或添加造孔剂可以获得微球粘结多孔结构、微球熔融致密结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学技术领域,特别涉及一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚乳酸(聚乳酸)是一种具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性的聚合物材料,具有无毒、较好的热成型性等特点,且降解产物能参与人体新陈代谢,在组织工程领域中能满足作为细胞生长载体材料的要求,广泛应用于临床中的组织修复领域。但聚乳酸亲水性较差,酸性降解产物易引起无菌性炎症,不利于细胞黏附和生长。羟基磷灰石是人体骨骼的主要无机成分,具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性,细胞亲和性好,能与骨组织形成牢固的骨性结合。在聚乳酸中复合纳米羟基磷灰石,可赋予材料成骨活性,改善细胞亲和性,同时碱性纳米羟基磷灰石可中和聚乳酸降解酸性产物,降低无菌性炎症。两者复合可为细胞、组织生长提供更好的环境。
聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料在生物医学领域具有广泛的应用前景,如骨钉、骨板。常用的制备方法有挤出成型和注塑成型,在高分子及其复合材料的成型加工中应用广泛。但挤出成型容易产生制品易脆、翘曲和收缩等力学性能下降和尺寸不精准等问题,注塑成型的制品容易受注塑机和工艺条件影响产生缺陷并且抗冲击强度低。另外,这两种成型方法,对于制备有机/无机复合材料,需要首先解决无机颗粒在高分子基体中均匀分散的问题,常采用混炼机进行有机、无机原料的混合,但混炼需在高分子熔融态下进行,常常会造成高分子热降解;另外,这种高粘态下的高分子-无机颗粒的混料方式,也会出现无机颗粒在高分子基体中分散不均、团聚的问题。在挤出、注塑成型过程中,需要保持原料的熔融态,加之机械力的作用,从而造成热降解、力降解,影响复合材料的性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,以解决现有聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料制备中纳米羟基磷灰石在聚乳酸基体中容易团聚,且聚乳酸容易热降解,导致制品力学性能下降和抗冲击强度低的问题。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
2)将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于模具中加热加压成型,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
可选地,所述步骤1)的采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球,包括:
将聚乳酸溶于二氯甲烷中,得到聚乳酸溶液;
向所述聚乳酸溶液中加入纳米羟基磷灰石,超声分散后,加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,搅拌,静置,抽滤,洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球。
可选地,所述聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;所述纳米羟基磷灰石的粒径为50nm-80nm;所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球的粒径为10-150μm。
可选地,所述纳米羟基磷灰石与所述聚乳酸的质量比为5~30%。
可选地,所述步骤2)中所述加热加压成型的加热温度为60℃-100℃,加压压力为0.1MPa-5MPa,成型时间为5min-10min。
可选地,所述步骤2)的将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于模具中加热加压成型,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,包括:
将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球与造孔剂混合后置于模具中加热加压成型,然后,置于水中浸泡4天,去除造孔剂后,干燥,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
可选地,所述造孔剂为氯化钠、糖中的一种或多种。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,该聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料由上述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法制得。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种上述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料在组织损伤修复中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法具有以下优势:
1、本发明采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球,可使纳米羟基磷灰石在聚乳酸基质中在微观尺度上分散得更加均匀,避免纳米羟基磷灰石在聚乳酸基体中团聚,有利于提高力学性能。
2、对比传统的挤出成型和注塑成型工艺,本发明直接加热加压成型,材料不需要经过熔融态,可以有效减小聚乳酸热降解,避免制品力学性能下降和抗冲击强度低等问题。
3、本发明采用直接加热加压成型的方法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,可通过温度、压力调控、添加造孔剂,控制成型制品的微观形态,可获得微球粘结多孔结构或微球熔融致密结构。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例1的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的SEM图;
图2为本发明实施例2的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例3的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的SEM图;
图4为本发明实施例4的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的SEM图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面将结合附图和实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用沉淀法在37℃下制备纳米羟基磷灰石:配置浓度为0.0668mol/L的氯化钙水溶液和浓度为0.04mol/L的磷酸氢二铵水溶液,并按照1.67的Ca/P摩尔比,将氯化钙水溶液和磷酸氢二铵水溶液混合后,用浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液将混合溶液的pH值控制在9-10,然后,在37℃的恒温水浴锅中加热搅拌3小时,再静置24小时,抽滤,用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥后,可得粒径为50nm-80nm的白色粉末状的纳米羟基磷灰石,备用;
2)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球:将1g聚乙烯醇加入200mL去离子水中,加热溶解后冷却至室温,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液;
将1g聚乳酸加入至20mL二氯甲烷中溶解,得到聚乳酸溶液,其中,聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;
向聚乳酸溶液中加入0.05g纳米羟基磷灰石(聚乳酸质量的5%),超声分散1min后,立即将悬浊液加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,并在1000r/min的搅拌速度下搅拌3h后,静置12h,然后,去掉上清液,抽滤,并用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到粒径为10-150μm的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
3)将0.06g聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于直径为1cm的圆柱形模具中,缓慢升温至60℃,缓慢加压至0.1MPa,保温5分钟后脱模,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
对本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料进行SEM测试,测试结果如图1所示。
由图1可知,本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料中微球与微球之间相互粘结富有孔隙,孔隙为10-20μm。
实施例2
一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用沉淀法在37℃下制备纳米羟基磷灰石:配置浓度为0.0668mol/L的氯化钙水溶液和浓度为0.04mol/L的磷酸氢二铵水溶液,并按照1.67的Ca/P摩尔比,将氯化钙水溶液和磷酸氢二铵水溶液混合后,用浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液将混合溶液的pH值控制在9-10,然后,在37℃的恒温水浴锅中加热搅拌3小时,再静置24小时,抽滤,用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥后,可得粒径为50nm-80nm的白色粉末状的纳米羟基磷灰石,备用;
2)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球:将1g聚乙烯醇加入200mL去离子水中,加热溶解后冷却至室温,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液;
将1g聚乳酸加入至20mL二氯甲烷中溶解,得到聚乳酸溶液,其中,聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;
向聚乳酸溶液中加入0.2g纳米羟基磷灰石(聚乳酸质量的20%),超声分散1min后,立即将悬浊液加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,并在1000r/min的搅拌速度下搅拌3h后,静置12h,然后,去掉上清液,抽滤,并用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到粒径为10-150μm的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
3)将0.06g聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于直径为1cm的圆柱形模具中,缓慢升温至70℃,缓慢加压至1MPa,保温10分钟后脱模,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
对本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料进行SEM测试,测试结果如图2所示。
由图2可知,本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料中微球与微球之间紧密粘结,孔隙减少。
实施例3
一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用沉淀法在37℃下制备纳米羟基磷灰石:配置浓度为0.0668mol/L的氯化钙水溶液和浓度为0.04mol/L的磷酸氢二铵水溶液,并按照1.67的Ca/P摩尔比,将氯化钙水溶液和磷酸氢二铵水溶液混合后,用浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液将混合溶液的pH值控制在9-10,然后,在37℃的恒温水浴锅中加热搅拌3小时,再静置24小时,抽滤,用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥后,可得粒径为50nm-80nm的白色粉末状的纳米羟基磷灰石,备用;
2)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球:将1g聚乙烯醇加入200mL去离子水中,加热溶解后冷却至室温,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液;
将1g聚乳酸加入至20mL二氯甲烷中溶解,得到聚乳酸溶液,其中,聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;
向聚乳酸溶液中加入0.3g纳米羟基磷灰石(聚乳酸质量的30%),超声分散1min后,立即将悬浊液加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,并在1000r/min的搅拌速度下搅拌3h后,静置12h,然后,去掉上清液,抽滤,并用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到粒径为10-150μm的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
3)将0.06g聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于直径为1cm的圆柱形模具中,缓慢升温至100℃,缓慢加压至5MPa,保温10分钟后脱模,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
对本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料进行SEM测试,测试结果如图3所示。
由图3可知,本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料中微球已经完全融化,复合材料变得致密,羟基磷灰石均匀分散在聚乳酸基质中。
实施例4
一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用沉淀法在37℃下制备纳米羟基磷灰石:配置浓度为0.0668mol/L的氯化钙水溶液和浓度为0.04mol/L的磷酸氢二铵水溶液,并按照1.67的Ca/P摩尔比,将氯化钙水溶液和磷酸氢二铵水溶液混合后,用浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液将混合溶液的pH值控制在9-10,然后,在37℃的恒温水浴锅中加热搅拌3小时,再静置24小时,抽滤,用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥后,可得粒径为50nm-80nm的白色粉末状的纳米羟基磷灰石,备用;
2)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球:将1g聚乙烯醇加入200mL去离子水中,加热溶解后冷却至室温,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液;
将1g聚乳酸加入至20mL二氯甲烷中溶解,得到聚乳酸溶液,其中,聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;
向聚乳酸溶液中加入0.3g纳米羟基磷灰石(聚乳酸质量的30%),超声分散1min后,立即将悬浊液加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,并在1000r/min的搅拌速度下搅拌3h后,静置12h,然后,去掉上清液,抽滤,并用去离子水洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到粒径为10-150μm的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
3)将0.06g聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球和0.018g的氯化钠均匀混合后,置于直径为1cm的圆柱形模具中,缓慢升温至70℃,缓慢加压至1MPa,保温5分钟后脱模,然后,置于37℃的去离子水中浸泡4天,去除造孔剂后,干燥,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
对本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料进行SEM测试,测试结果如图4所示。
由图4可知,本实施例的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料中微球与微球之间相互粘结,除了10-20μm的孔隙之外还有50-100μm的大孔。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备粒径为10-150μm的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球;
2)将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于模具中加热加压成型,加热温度为60℃-100℃,加压压力为0.1MPa-5MPa,成型时间为5min-10min,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)的采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球,包括:
将聚乳酸溶于二氯甲烷中,得到聚乳酸溶液;
向所述聚乳酸溶液中加入纳米羟基磷灰石,超声分散后,加入至聚乙烯醇水溶液中,搅拌,静置,抽滤,洗涤,冷冻干燥,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乳酸分子量为10w-50w;所述纳米羟基磷灰石的粒径为50nm-80nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米羟基磷灰石与所述聚乳酸的质量比为0.5:10-3:10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)的将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球置于模具中加热加压成型,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,包括:
将所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球与造孔剂混合后置于模具中加热加压成型,然后置于水中浸泡4天,去除造孔剂后干燥,得到聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为氯化钠、糖中的一种或多种。
7.一种聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料由权利要求1~6任一项所述的聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备方法制得。
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