CN111280127B - Culture method for improving survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture - Google Patents
Culture method for improving survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture, which belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture culture and comprises the following steps: s1, screening before breeding: hatching, culturing and screening the frog eggs in the hatching period; s2, first-stage screening: culturing and screening tadpoles growing for a long period; s3, secondary screening: and (5) culturing and screening the tadpoles in the metamorphosis period. Through a plurality of screening processes from the incubation period to the metamorphosis period, the young frog seedlings with good development potential, activity capability and adaptability are screened out, and the survival rate of the black frog in the rice field culture is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture, and belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture culture.
Background
Rana nigromaculata (Rana nigromaculata) belongs to Amphina, Annulales, Ranidae, Rana paraphylla, is fond of living in the colony, inhabits in water areas such as swamp, pond, rice field and nearby grasses, has omnivory and large body size in tadpole period, is green and scattered with irregular dark small stripes, and is transformed into young frogs which are mainly eaten by arthropod insects. The rana nigromaculata has tender meat, delicious taste, excellent mouthfeel, less fat, low sugar content, rich nutrient components such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, ferrum, vitamin, creatine, carnosine and the like, and is a top-grade green food and a good tonic product. Modern medical research shows that the rana nigromaculata meat is cool in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, relieving swelling and pain, tonifying kidney and replenishing vital essence, and nourishing lung and kidney. With the reduction of the total population quantity of the rana nigromaculata, the artificially cultured rana nigromaculata has good market prospect and commercial value.
For the breeding of frogs, mainly comprises several stages of tadpole stage, metamorphosis stage, froglet stage and frogging stage, the froglet with predation capacity can be placed into rice field to make breeding, and the froglet uses the injurious insects in the rice field as natural bait, so that it is favourable for forming virtuous cycle of natural food chain. However, compared with the simple pond culture, when the rice field is used as the culture environment, the rana nigromaculata is easily killed due to the influence of water quality, water temperature, light, harmful organisms and other uncertain factors. Therefore, the adaptability, mobility and predation capability of rana nigromaculata are very important for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata in rice field cultivation, and rana nigromaculata young seedling before putting needs to be bred.
Meanwhile, the metamorphosis period of the rana nigromaculata is the most fragile period in the growth and development process, the survival rate of the tadpoles of the wild rana nigromaculata in the metamorphosis period is even not more than 5 percent, the survival rate of the rana nigromaculata in the metamorphosis period is improved, the metamorphosis and development of the rana nigromaculata can be completed as soon as possible, and the method is an important part for artificial cultivation of the rana nigromaculata. In the prior art, patent application with publication number CN106719388A discloses a rapid metamorphosis method for tadpoles of frogs in the united states, which comprises the following steps: (1) the water exchange amount in the pool is increased, the water body is kept thin, and plankton in the water body is reduced; (2) the feeding amount of the complete batch is reduced to 1 ton per day from 3 tons, and the feeding amount is also reduced by half correspondingly. The method reduces the ingestion of tadpoles and forces the tadpoles to rapidly enter the metamorphosis period so as to shorten the growth period of frogs, but for frogs, the fact that the frogs enter the metamorphosis period too early means that the nutrition accumulation of the frogs in the tadpole period is limited, the frogs are difficult to smoothly pass through the metamorphosis period, the death rate of the metamorphosis period is increased, even if the frogs are successfully developed into frogs, the frogs are frogs with extremely small body types, and the survival rate is extremely low in the process of paddy field cultivation in a complex environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata cultivated in a rice field.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata cultivated in a rice field comprises the following steps:
s1, screening before breeding: putting frog eggs of Rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 18-23 ℃, keeping the pH value at 7.8-8.3, and selecting tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5mm after illuminating for 16-18 hours every day with the illumination intensity of 4800-5500 lux for 10-13 days.
The hatching pond can be a foam or plastic box, and the foam or plastic box is placed in a room for cultivation, so that the water temperature and the illumination can be conveniently controlled; or a cement pool, and a heat-preservation greenhouse and a light shield are built on the cement pool. A water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at opposite corners of the hatching pond, the water inlet is higher, the water outlet is close to the bottom wall of the pond body, the exchange of the water body of the whole pond is kept, and the creation of a microflow water environment is facilitated. The hatching water entering the hatching pond from the water inlet is filtered and treated by adjusting the pH value, so that harmful organisms and dirt are prevented from entering. And maintaining the nutrition of the tadpole seedlings which are just hatched by means of hatching yellow, and changing the pond after the tadpole seedlings come out of the film for 4-5 days.
S2, primary screening: transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S1 into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 20-25 cm and the water temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the culture pond; when the body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 20-22.5 mm, increasing the water depth in the culture pond to 43-48 cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using granulated feed, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the tadpole, and after the tadpole seedlings are fed for 18-22 days, selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35 mm.
The culture pond can be a cement pond or a soil pond, the depth of the pond is 1-1.5 m, a water inlet and outlet pipeline and a heat-insulating greenhouse are arranged on the pond body, and an intercepting string bag or mesh cloth for preventing tadpoles from swimming out is arranged at a water outlet pipe opening. When the tadpoles are small in body length, high-protein food such as soybean milk, yolk pulp and the like can be fed, after the average body length of the tadpoles grows to be more than 20mm, the water depth is increased, granulated feed is fed, and the tadpoles can eat food actively, wherein the granulated feed can be prepared from soybean meal, corn flour, pumpkin and the like.
S3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an abnormal cultivation pool, wherein a screening net is arranged in the abnormal cultivation pool, before feeding the feed into the abnormal cultivation pool, the screening net moves from the end part to the middle part of the abnormal cultivation pool along the pool wall each time, so that the screening net divides the abnormal cultivation pool into a cultivation area and an abnormal area, the cultivation area is an area between the screening net and the moving starting point of the screening net, the rest areas are abnormal areas, plant feed is fed into the cultivation area, after 30-50 min, animal feed is fed into the abnormal areas, young frogs with the body length reaching more than 25mm after the completion of the period are selected, and the abnormal young frogs of the rana nigromaculata for paddy field cultivation are obtained.
The plant feed is feed with plant bait accounting for more than 75% of the total mass of the feed, and the animal feed is feed with animal bait accounting for more than 45% of the total mass of the feed.
The metamorphosis cultivation pool preferably adopts a cement pool with smooth inner wall, the sieving net can conveniently slide along the pool wall, the size of the sieving net is consistent with that of the metamorphosis cultivation pool, three sides of the sieving net are respectively attached to two opposite side walls and a bottom wall of the metamorphosis cultivation pool, when the sieving net moves to a certain position in the middle from the end part of the metamorphosis cultivation pool, the sieving net divides the metamorphosis cultivation pool into a cultivation area and a metamorphosis area, tadpole seedlings do not exist in the just-formed cultivation area initially, and original tadpoles in the metamorphosis cultivation pool are all pushed to the metamorphosis area by the sieving net. After the plant feed is fed into the cultivation area, tadpoles with smaller internal body types and still in the growth period in the metamorphosis area pass through meshes of the screening net under the dual drive of compression of living space and ingestion, enter the cultivation area and ingest the plant feed; and tadpoles with larger body size, which are about to enter the metamorphosis period or enter the metamorphosis period are left in the metamorphosis area and eat animal feed. A shallow water area and a pergola are erected on one side of the metamorphosis area, which is far away from the screening net, so as to provide land inhabitation conditions for the metamorphosis froglets, wherein the shallow water area can be a slope extending from the bottom of the pond to the end part of the pond body in an inclined upward manner, and pebbles can be laid at the bottom of the pond, which is close to the end part of the pond body, so that the tadpoles in metamorphosis can inhabit. Animal and plant protein proportion in the feed has very obvious influence on growth and development speed, metamorphosis development, individual froglet and physique of the tadpoles, the high proportion of the animal feed can promote the metamorphosis development of the tadpoles, the tadpoles are fed with the animal feed with higher proportion in advance, the tadpoles are easily caused to enter the metamorphosis period in advance, the development time is short, the froglets with extremely small individuals grow, and the froglets are difficult to survive; the high proportion of the plant feed can delay metamorphosis, and the plant feed is respectively fed according to the individual development conditions of tadpoles, so that the survival rate of the froglets after metamorphosis is improved.
The frog eggs are placed in a specific hatching environment, the seedlings with poor environment adaptability and not capable of timely hatching or hatching tadpole with small sizes are removed, individuals with better development potential and disease-resistant potential can be screened out by breeding and screening the frog egg hatching process, robust seedlings with good adaptability to the environment are obtained, the complex environment of a rice field can be better adapted after the frog eggs are developed, and the survival rate of the rana nigromaculata in the rice field is improved. And continuously shifting the screened tadpole seedlings into a culture pond for primary screening, increasing the activity of tadpoles in the ingestion process by increasing the water depth and feeding pellet feed, promoting and culturing the food ingestion capability of tadpole activities, and screening the seedlings which have strong activity ingestion capability and can adapt to the corresponding water depth after feeding for a set time. And then transferring the tadpole fries into an metamorphosis cultivation pool for second-stage screening, wherein the tadpole fries have good activity and adaptability after being screened before cultivation and screened in the first stage, and a habit of taking food actively is formed, so that the tadpole fries can be well adapted to a cultivation mode of second-stage screening, and the cultivation mode of second-stage screening prompts the tadpole fries to enter the metamorphosis stage after enough energy is accumulated in the growth stage, so that the survival rate of the tadpole fries in the metamorphosis stage is favorably improved, the activity and adaptability of young frogs after metamorphosis development are favorably improved, and the survival rate of the young frogs in the cultivated paddy field is further improved.
Further, in the step S3, the water temperature in the metamorphosis culture pond is 20-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5 mg/L. Because the tadpoles in the metamorphosis period are weak, the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen can provide a good development environment for the tadpoles, and the metamorphosis development process is facilitated. Preferably, the stocking density of the tadpole seedlings in the metamorphosis cultivation pool is 350-450 tails/m2。
Furthermore, the aperture of the meshes of the screening net is 8-12 mm.
Further, screening net and metamorphosis cultivate the adjacent position fixedly connected with flexible pad of pond diapire, flexible pad is located screening net towards metamorphosis district one side. The flexible cushion can reduce the damage that the screening net is pushed against the tadpoles at the bottom of the pool in the moving process, and plays a role in protecting the tadpoles. Preferably, the flexible pad be right triangle, two right-angle sides of flexible pad laminate with screening net, metamorphosis culture pond bottom wall respectively. Therefore, the flexible mat can enable the tadpoles at the bottom of the pool to slide upwards along the inclined plane, avoids the damage caused by the movement of the screening net, and is beneficial to reducing the adverse effect of the screening net on the tadpoles.
Further, the vegetable feed comprises, by weight, 20-23 parts of bean flour, 12-15 parts of corn flour, 6-8 parts of kelp powder and 4-6 parts of fish meal. The plant feed is mainly used for tadpoles which are not yet in the metamorphosis period to eat, the higher plant bait and a small amount of animal protein are beneficial to promoting the growth of the tadpoles, and the kelp powder in the feed has the feeding attraction and is beneficial to promoting the tadpoles to eat from the metamorphosis area to the cultivation area. Preferably, in the step S3, the feeding amount of the plant feed is 3-5% of the weight of the tadpoles in the cultivation area.
Further, the animal feed comprises, by weight, 18-22 parts of bean flour, 5-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 15-18 parts of bone meal and 12-15 parts of fish meal. The animal feed is mainly used for tadpoles in metamorphosis period, and the higher animal protein content is beneficial to promoting metamorphosis development of the tadpoles. Preferably, in the step S3, the feeding amount of the animal feed is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the tadpoles in the metamorphosis area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention screens out the seedlings with good development potential, activity ability and adaptability through a plurality of screening processes of screening before breeding, first-stage screening and second-stage screening, which is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the seedlings in the paddy field and further improving the survival rate of the seedlings in the paddy field cultivation.
2) During the incubation period and the tadpole growth period, by controlling the factors and conditions such as water temperature, pH value, illumination, water level depth and the like, the tadpole has good adaptability and activity ingestion capability, and the survival rate of the tadpole in the later metamorphosis development is favorably improved.
3) During the second stage of screening, the tadpoles are fed according to the size of the tadpoles in a distinguishing manner, so that the tadpoles with larger body sizes can be promoted to rapidly enter the metamorphosis stage and the tadpoles with smaller body sizes can rapidly grow, the survival rate of the rana nigromaculata in the metamorphosis stage can be improved, and the survival rate of the rana nigromaculata in paddy field cultivation can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the screening net of the present invention in a configuration in which it is located at the end of a metamorphosis culturing tank (not fed).
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of the sieving net of the present invention in the middle of the metamorphosis cultivating pond (during feeding).
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the sieving net of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, metamorphosis culture pond; 2. screening the net; 21. a flexible pad; 3. a cultivation area; 4. the metamorphosis area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1 adopted by the invention is internally provided with the screening net 2, the screening net 2 can slide relative to the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, and the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1 is divided into two parts, so that the condition for feeding tadpole seedlings before and after the metamorphosis period in a distinguishing manner is provided. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the sieving net 2 located at the end of the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, fig. 2 is a schematic view of the sieving net 2 after moving towards the middle, the right side of the sieving net 2 is a metamorphosis area 4, and the left side of the sieving net 2 is a cultivation area 3, wherein the specific position of the sieving net 2 after moving can be adjusted according to the development condition of tadpoles in the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1. When most tadpoles of the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1 are still in the growth period and need to be eaten in the cultivation area 3, the screening net 2 is moved to the position on the right side in the middle of the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, so that the space of the cultivation area 3 is larger; when most tadpoles in the metamorphosis culture pond 1 enter the metamorphosis period and need to be eaten in the metamorphosis area 4, the screening net 2 is moved to the position on the left in the middle of the metamorphosis culture pond 1, so that the space of the metamorphosis area 4 is larger. Wherein, the mesh aperture that is used for holding the tadpole that the size is less to pass through on the screening net 2 is 8 ~ 12 mm.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a flexible pad 21 is fixedly connected to the sieving net 2 adjacent to the bottom wall of the metamorphosis cultivating pool 1, and the flexible pad 21 is located on the side of the sieving net 2 facing the metamorphosis area 4, i.e. the right side of the sieving net 2. The flexible pad 21 is right triangle, and two right-angle sides of the flexible pad 21 are respectively attached to the bottom wall of the screening net 2 and the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1. In such a way, when the screening net 2 meets tadpoles at the bottom of the metamorphosis cultivation pool 1 in the moving process, the flexible cushion 21 can enable the tadpoles at the bottom of the pool to slide upwards along the inclined plane, so that the damage caused by the movement of the screening net 2 is avoided, and the adverse effect of the screening net 2 on the tadpoles is favorably reduced.
Example one
The embodiment provides a culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture, which comprises the following steps:
s1, screening before breeding: putting the frog eggs of the rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 18 ℃, the pH value at 7.8, illuminating for 18 hours every day, wherein the illumination intensity is 4800lux, and selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5mm after 10 days.
S2, first-stage screening: and (5) transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step (S1) into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 20cm in the culture pond and the water temperature of 25 ℃. When the average body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 20mm, slowly increasing the water inflow to increase the water depth in the culture pond to 43cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using the granulated feed, wherein the granulated feed adopted in the embodiment is prepared from soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut cakes and fish meal, the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the tadpole, and after feeding the tadpole seedlings for 18 days, selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35 mm.
S3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, wherein the putting density is 350 tails/m2The water temperature in the metamorphosis cultivating pond 1 is maintained at 25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5 mg/L. Before the feed is fed into the metamorphosis culture pond 1 every time, the screening net 2 moves from the end part of the metamorphosis culture pond 1 to the middle part along the pond wall, the aperture of the meshes of the screening net 2 is 8mm, so that the screening net 2 divides the metamorphosis culture pond 1 into a culture area 3 and a metamorphosis area 4, plant feed is fed into the culture area 3, animal feed is fed into the metamorphosis area 4 after 30min, froglets with the body length reaching more than 25mm after metamorphosis period is completed are selected, and the froglets of the froglets and the froglets for rice field culture are obtained.
The plant feed of the embodiment consists of 2.6kg of bean flour, 1.56kg of corn flour, 0.78kg of kelp powder and 0.52kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of tadpoles in the cultivation area. The animal feed of the embodiment consists of 3.6kg of bean flour, 1kg of silkworm chrysalis powder, 3kg of bone meal and 2.4kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 1.5% of the weight of tadpoles in the metamorphosis area.
Example two
The culture method of this example includes the following steps:
s1, screening before breeding: putting the frog eggs of the rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 23 ℃, keeping the pH value at 8.3, illuminating for 16 hours every day, wherein the illumination intensity is 5500lux, and after 13 days, selecting tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5 mm.
S2, first-stage screening: and (5) transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step (S1) into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 25cm in the culture pond and the water temperature of 20 ℃. When the average body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 22.5mm, slowly increasing the water inflow to increase the water depth in the culture pond to 48cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using the granulated feed, wherein the granulated feed adopted in the embodiment is prepared from soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut cake and fish meal, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the tadpole, and after feeding the tadpole seedlings for 22 days, selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35 mm.
S3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, wherein the putting density is 450 tails/m2The water temperature in the metamorphosis cultivating pond 1 is maintained at 20 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5 mg/L. Before the feed is fed into the metamorphosis culture pond 1 every time, the screening net 2 moves from the end part of the metamorphosis culture pond 1 to the middle part along the pond wall, the aperture of the meshes of the screening net 2 is 12mm, so that the screening net 2 divides the metamorphosis culture pond 1 into a culture area 3 and a metamorphosis area 4, plant feed is fed into the culture area 3, after 50min, animal feed is fed into the metamorphosis area 4, froglets with the body length reaching more than 25mm after the metamorphosis period is completed are selected, and the froglets of the froglets and the froglets for the paddy field culture are obtained.
The plant feed of the embodiment consists of 2.76kg of bean flour, 1.8kg of corn flour, 0.96kg of kelp powder and 0.72kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of tadpoles in the cultivation area. The animal feed of the embodiment consists of 3.3kg of bean flour, 1.2kg of silkworm chrysalis meal, 2.7kg of bone meal and 2.25kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of tadpoles in the metamorphosis area.
EXAMPLE III
The culture method of this example includes the following steps:
s1, screening before breeding: putting the frog eggs of the rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 20 ℃, keeping the pH value at 8, illuminating for 17 hours every day, wherein the illumination intensity is 5200lux, and selecting tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5mm after 12 days.
S2, first-stage screening: and (5) transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step (S1) into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 22cm in the culture pond and the water temperature of 23 ℃. When the average body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 21mm, slowly increasing the water inflow to increase the water depth in the culture pond to 45cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using the pellet feed, wherein the pellet feed adopted in the embodiment is prepared from soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut cakes and fish meal, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the tadpole, and after the tadpole seedlings are fed for 20 days, selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35 mm.
S3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, wherein the putting density is 400 tails/m 2The water temperature in the metamorphosis cultivating pool 1 is maintained at 23 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5 mg/L. Before the feed is fed into the metamorphosis culture pond 1 every time, the screening net 2 moves from the end part of the metamorphosis culture pond 1 to the middle part along the pond wall, the aperture of the meshes of the screening net 2 is 10mm, so that the screening net 2 divides the metamorphosis culture pond 1 into a culture area 3 and a metamorphosis area 4, plant feed is fed into the culture area 3, after 40min, animal feed is fed into the metamorphosis area 4, froglets with the body length reaching more than 25mm after the metamorphosis period is completed are selected, and the froglets of the froglets and the froglets for the paddy field culture are obtained.
The plant feed of the embodiment consists of 2.31kg of bean flour, 1.43kg of corn flour, 0.77kg of kelp powder and 0.55kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 4% of the weight of tadpoles in the cultivation area. The animal feed of the embodiment consists of 4kg of soybean powder, 1.4kg of silkworm chrysalis powder, 3.2kg of bone meal and 2.6kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of tadpoles in the metamorphosis area.
Example four
The culture method of this example includes the following steps:
s1, screening before breeding: putting frog eggs of Rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 21 ℃, the pH value at 8.2, illuminating for 17 hours every day with the illumination intensity of 5100lux, and after 12, selecting tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5 mm.
S2, primary screening: and (5) transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step (S1) into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 22cm in the culture pond and the water temperature of 23 ℃. When the average body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 22.5mm, slowly increasing the water inflow to increase the water depth in the culture pond to 46cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using the granulated feed, wherein the granulated feed adopted in the embodiment is prepared from soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut cake and fish meal, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the tadpole, and after the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35mm are selected after being fed for 21 days.
S3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an metamorphosis cultivation pool 1, wherein the putting density is 400 tails/m2The water temperature in the metamorphosis cultivating pond 1 is maintained at 23 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5 mg/L. Before the feed is fed into the metamorphosis culture pond 1 every time, the screening net 2 moves from the end part of the metamorphosis culture pond 1 to the middle part along the pond wall, the aperture of the meshes of the screening net 2 is 9mm, so that the metamorphosis culture pond 1 is divided into a culture area 3 and a metamorphosis area 4 by the screening net 2, plant feed is fed into the culture area 3, after 35min, animal feed is fed into the metamorphosis area 4, froglets with the body length reaching more than 25mm after the metamorphosis period is completed are selected, and the froglets of the rana nigromaculata froglets for rice field culture are obtained.
The plant feed of the embodiment consists of 2.64kg of bean flour, 1.68kg of corn flour, 0.84kg of kelp powder and 0.6kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 3.5% of the weight of tadpoles in the breeding area. The animal feed of the embodiment consists of 3.8kg of bean powder, 1.2kg of silkworm chrysalis powder, 3.4kg of bone powder and 2.8kg of fish meal, and the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of tadpoles in the metamorphosis area.
The young frogs obtained by screening and culturing have good adaptability to paddy field culture, the survival rate of the frogs in the paddy field culture is favorably improved, and the yield of the frogs cultured by the method is about 20 percent higher than that of the common frogs under the condition of the same throwing density and culture conditions.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata cultivated in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, screening before breeding: putting frog eggs of rana nigromaculata into an incubation pool, keeping the water temperature in the incubation pool at 18-23 ℃, keeping the pH value at 7.8-8.3, and selecting tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 10.5mm after illuminating for 16-18 hours each day with the illumination intensity of 4800-5500 lux for 10-13 days;
s2, first-stage screening: transferring the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S1 into a culture pond, and maintaining the water depth of 22-25 cm and the water temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the culture pond; when the body length of the tadpole seedlings reaches 20-22.5 mm, increasing the water depth in the culture pond to 43-48 cm, feeding the tadpole seedlings by using granulated feed, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the tadpole, and after the tadpole seedlings are fed for 18-22 days, selecting the tadpole seedlings with the body length of more than 35 mm;
s3, secondary screening: putting the tadpole seedlings screened in the step S2 into an metamorphosis cultivation pool (1), wherein a screening net (2) is arranged in the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1), before feeding feed into the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1) each time, the screening net (2) moves towards the middle part from the end part of the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1) along the pool wall, so that the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1) is divided into a cultivation area (3) and a metamorphosis area (4) by the screening net (2), the cultivation area (3) is an area between the screening net (2) and a moving starting point of the screening net, the rest areas are the metamorphosis areas (4), a flexible cushion (21) is fixedly connected to a position, adjacent to the bottom wall of the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1), of the screening net (2), and the flexible cushion (21) is located on one side, facing the metamorphosis area (4), of the screening net (2); firstly feeding plant feed into the cultivation area (3), feeding animal feed into the metamorphosis area (4) after 30-50 min, and selecting froglets with the body length reaching more than 25mm after the metamorphosis period is finished, so as to obtain froglets and froglets seedlings for paddy field cultivation;
The plant feed is feed with plant bait accounting for more than 75% of the total mass of the feed, and the animal feed is feed with animal bait accounting for more than 45% of the total mass of the feed.
2. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the water temperature in the metamorphosis cultivating pool (1) is 20-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 5 mg/L.
3. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the stocking density of the tadpole seedlings in the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1) is 350-450 pieces/m 2.
4. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata used for paddy field cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the meshes of the screening net (2) is 8-12 mm.
5. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata used for paddy field cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flexible mat (21) is in the shape of a right triangle, and two right-angle sides of the flexible mat (21) are respectively attached to the bottom wall of the screening net (2) and the metamorphosis cultivation pool (1).
6. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata used for paddy field cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vegetable feed comprises, by weight, 20-23 parts of bean flour, 12-15 parts of corn flour, 6-8 parts of kelp powder and 8-10 parts of fish meal.
7. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata for paddy field culture according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S3, the feeding amount of the plant feed is 3-5% of the weight of the tadpoles in the cultivation area (3).
8. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata used for paddy field cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the animal feed comprises, by weight, 18-22 parts of bean flour, 5-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 15-18 parts of bone meal and 12-15 parts of fish meal.
9. The culture method for improving the survival rate of rana nigromaculata used for paddy field cultivation as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step S3, the feeding amount of the animal feed is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the tadpoles in the metamorphosis area (4).
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