CN111280125A - 一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法 - Google Patents
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280125A CN111280125A CN202010174539.4A CN202010174539A CN111280125A CN 111280125 A CN111280125 A CN 111280125A CN 202010174539 A CN202010174539 A CN 202010174539A CN 111280125 A CN111280125 A CN 111280125A
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- sheldrake
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- sugar cane
- planting
- shaoxing
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括麻鸭养殖地块的准备、种植糖料蔗、糖料蔗的管理、麻鸭放养和麻鸭的饲养管理，本发明利用糖料蔗与绍兴麻鸭的互利共生，创新了综合种养方式，使糖料蔗和绍兴麻鸭能够相互促进，大大提高了绍兴麻鸭的产量和质量，同时又获得了优质的生态糖料蔗，满足了人们对营养丰富的糖料蔗和绍兴麻鸭的需求，具有很好的经济效益和社会效益高，值得推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及立体生态农业养殖模式技术领域，具体涉及一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法。
背景技术
鸭是人类饲养最普遍的家禽，鸭的品种繁多，绍兴麻鸭是其中一种，因鸭毛呈麻褐色带黑斑而得名，又因主要产于浙江绍兴，故亦称“绍鸭”。既可放牧，又可圈养。公麻鸭个体不大，大多培育成菜鸭供应市场，一般饲养到70到100日龄，体重在1000到3000克上市供应，肉嫩，味鲜美。
糖料蔗为禾本科糖料蔗属植物，中国南方热带地区广泛种植，适合栽种于土壤肥沃、阳光充足、冬夏温差大的地方。它是制造蔗糖的原料，且可提炼乙醇作为能源替代品。糖料蔗是多年生高大实心草本，根状茎粗壮发达，秆高3-6米。糖料蔗常规栽培品种节间多为圆柱形，茎直立、分蘖、丛生、有节，节上有芽；节间实心，外被有蜡粉，有紫、红或黄绿色等；叶子丛生，叶片有肥厚白色的中脉。
将作物和肉鸭共育生产技术是生态种养的一种新模式，也是发展高效有机农业的新途径，具有广阔的市场前景。不同作物及不同品种的鸭的生长特性不同，共育生产的效果也参差不齐。糖料蔗和绍兴麻鸭作为市场上很受欢迎的农产品，普遍缺乏一种依据糖料蔗及绍兴麻鸭的不同生长特性而建立的适应性技术体系，使二者得不到共促，生长受到一定影响。
因此，根据的糖料蔗生长特点和绍兴麻鸭的生长发育规律，研发一种规范合理的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，既能提高糖料蔗的蔗茎产量及蔗糖分，也能提高绍兴麻鸭的机体性能，从而实现较高的经济收益，将具有十分重要的现实意义和推广应用价值。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明提供一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括麻鸭养殖地块的准备、种植糖料蔗、糖料蔗的管理、麻鸭放养和麻鸭的饲养管理，本发明利用糖料蔗与绍兴麻鸭的互利共生，大大提高了绍兴麻鸭的产量和质量，同时又获得了优质的生态糖料蔗，满足了人们对营养丰富的糖料蔗和绍兴麻鸭的需求。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨；
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用800～1000kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩6000～9000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施100～200kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，一般为3～6月，每次投放量为7～8万头/hm2；
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放550-670只；麻鸭放养前15-20天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药；
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所述麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉40-50份、大豆蛋白粉15-20份、黄粉虫10-15份、氨基酸3-5份、鱼粉3-5份、螺旋藻粉3-5份、骨粉3-5份、荸荠粉1-2份、松针粉1-2份、蚕沙1-2份、酵母硒0.3-0.5份、葡萄糖酸锌0.5-1份、多维素1-2份、微量元素0.5-1份、鱼油1-2份、壳聚糖0.5-1份。
作为技术方案的优选，所述糖料蔗种植地块的面积为2-10亩。
作为技术方案的优选，所述围栏高为60-100厘米，规格为2-4目；所述筛网高为30-60厘米，规格为30-40目。
作为技术方案的优选，所述腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪60-80份、牛粪50-70份、蚕粪20-30份、蚯蚓粪10-20份、甘蔗渣50-60份、肉桂残渣20-30份、大腹皮10-15份、荸荠皮10-15份、塘泥50-80份、EM菌种0.8-1.2份。
作为技术方案的优选，所述种植沟的深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm。
作为技术方案的优选，所述糖料蔗品种为桂糖43号、桂糖47号、桂南亚14-6210、桂南亚14-2234。
作为技术方案的优选，种茎的预处理具体为：先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：100～150配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡10～15min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡12～24h，所述植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比3～5:1:10:1000混合而成。吲哚乙酸和胺鲜酯能促进甘蔗芽的细胞分裂，从而促进甘蔗芽的生长；白千层提取物具有天然杀菌活性成分，杀菌抗菌效果好，有效防止甘蔗芽发病枯死，提高甘蔗芽的存活率。
本发明的部分原料及其功效：
荸荠粉：荸荠粉中含大量的淀粉，加上低聚糖和单糖，占干重的86％以上，还含有较丰富的蛋白质、脂肪，维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C，和矿物质钙、磷、铁等，此外还含有一种不耐热的抗菌成分荸荠英，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌等有抑制作用。将荸荠粉添加到麻鸭饲料中，既能丰富麻鸭饲料的营养成分，又能增强饲料的抗菌作用，有助于增强麻鸭的机体免疫力，减少发病。
松针粉：松针粉是将从松树上修剪下来的幼嫩枝条和针叶收集起来，经过干燥、粉碎而成的。松针中不仅含有丰富的营养物质，还具有黄酮、激素、萜类化合物等多种生物活性物质，具有较好的杀菌抗菌作用。将松针粉添加到麻鸭饲料中，既能增强麻鸭的食欲，促进麻鸭生长发育，还有助于增强其机体免疫力，减少发病。
蚕沙：为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕Bombyx mori Linnaeus幼虫的干燥粪便，蚕粪富含营养成分，粗蛋白质占16.7％、粗脂肪占3.7％、粗纤维占19％、可溶性无氮物占45％、灰分占15.6％，还富含叶绿素和维生素E、K果胶等。将蚕沙添加到麻鸭饲料中，能丰富麻鸭饲料的营养成分，促进麻鸭生长发育。
肉桂残渣：为樟科植物肉桂的树皮加工剩余物，含有多种杀菌抗菌活性成分，有强大的杀菌作用，将其作为农家肥的组分，能够对糖料蔗种植地进行杀菌，减少虫害的发生，有助于糖料蔗的无公害生长。
大腹皮：棕榈科植物槟榔的干燥果皮，含儿茶素等活性抗菌成分，有较好的杀菌作用，将其作为农家肥的组分，能够对糖料蔗种植地进行杀菌，减少虫害的发生，有助于糖料蔗的无公害生长。
荸荠皮：荸荠皮中含有甾醇类、有机酸类、酯类和黄酮类活性抗菌物质，具有很好的抗菌作用，将其作为农家肥的组分，能够对糖料蔗种植地进行杀菌，减少虫害的发生，有助于糖料蔗的无公害生长。
本发明的原料均可以在市场上购买得到，无需特别制备。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明根据糖料蔗的生长特点和绍兴麻鸭的生长发育规律，创新了综合种养方式，糖料蔗和绍兴麻鸭能够相互促进：
一方面，蔗田环境适宜麻鸭生长，蔗地内有丰富的天然饵料可供麻鸭摄食，高温时糖料蔗又可为麻鸭遮荫，糖料蔗行距较宽，可为麻鸭提供足够的活动空间，麻鸭运动量的增加能提高麻鸭的食欲和饲料转化率，从而提高麻鸭免疫功能，进而提高鸭肉质量和适口性；
另一方面，绍兴麻鸭的活动能起到疏通蔗地土壤的作用，既有利于肥料分解从而促进糖料蔗对肥料的吸收，又能促进糖料蔗的根系发育，而且麻鸭粪便又是糖料蔗的良好肥料，通过麻鸭捕食田间害虫还可避免使用化学药品。总之，本发明既大大提高了绍兴麻鸭的产量和质量，同时又获得了优质的生态糖料蔗，生产的绍兴麻鸭、糖料蔗达到无公害或绿色标准。
(2)根据本发明的方法，一年可在糖料蔗种植地中放养3-5批麻鸭，亩获糖料蔗7-8.5t、绍兴麻鸭700-880kg/批，糖料蔗产量提高10-15％，麻鸭产量提高10-20％，节约饲料成本20-30％，具有很好的经济效益和社会效益高，值得推广。
(3)本发明对糖料蔗不使用化学肥料，不会对麻鸭的生长产生不良影响。本发明施用由猪粪、牛粪、蚕粪、蚯蚓粪、甘蔗渣、肉桂残渣、大腹皮、荸荠皮、塘泥和EM菌种组成的腐熟农家肥，营养成分丰富，能够为糖料蔗的生长提供丰富的营养，特别加入了蚕粪和蚯蚓粪，有利于糖料蔗品质的提高，而且含有肉桂残渣、大腹皮、荸荠皮等杀菌抗菌活性成分，有很好的杀菌抗菌作用，在施肥的同时能够对糖料蔗种植地进行杀菌，减少虫害的发生，有助于糖料蔗的无公害生长。
(4)本发明给麻鸭补充的麻鸭饲料由膨化玉米粉、大豆蛋白粉、黄粉虫、氨基酸、鱼粉、螺旋藻粉、骨粉、荸荠粉、松针粉、蚕沙、酵母硒、葡萄糖酸锌、多维素、微量元素、鱼油和壳聚糖组成，营养成分丰富，对麻鸭的适口性好，能够满足麻鸭的生长所需营养，特别是荸荠粉和松针粉的加入，能增强饲料的抗菌作用，有助于增强麻鸭的机体免疫力，减少发病，按照本发明的方法养殖的麻鸭肉嫩，味鲜美。
(5)本发明先用多菌灵溶液，用由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物组成的植物生长剂对甘蔗种茎进行预处理，能促进甘蔗芽的细胞分裂，从而促进甘蔗芽的生长，有效防止甘蔗芽发病枯死，提高甘蔗芽的存活率。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进一步详细说明，但不限于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的面积为5亩的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，围栏高为90厘米，规格为3目；并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑，筛网高为50厘米，规格为35目；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨。
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用900kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm的种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种桂糖43号，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：120配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡15min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡15h，所用植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比4:1:10:1000混合而成；将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩7000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
所用腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪70份、牛粪60份、蚕粪25份、蚯蚓粪15份、甘蔗渣55份、肉桂残渣25份、大腹皮12份、荸荠皮13份、塘泥65份、EM菌种1.0份。
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施150kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，3～6月在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，每次投放量为7.5万头/hm2。
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放590只；麻鸭放养前18天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药。
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所用麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉45份、大豆蛋白粉18份、黄粉虫12份、氨基酸4份、鱼粉4份、螺旋藻粉4份、骨粉4份、荸荠粉1.5份、松针粉1.5份、蚕沙1.5份、酵母硒0.4份、葡萄糖酸锌0.8份、多维素1.5份、微量元素0.8份、鱼油1.5份、壳聚糖0.8份。
本实施例一年可在糖料蔗种植地中放养4批麻鸭，亩获糖料蔗8t、绍兴麻鸭880kg/批，糖料蔗产量提高13％，麻鸭产量提高20％，节约饲料成本30％。
实施例2
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的面积为8亩的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，围栏高为80厘米，规格为3目；并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑，筛网高为40厘米，规格为35目；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨。
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用850kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm的种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种桂糖47号，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：130配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡12min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡18h，所用植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比4:1:10:1000混合而成；将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩8000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
所用腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪65份、牛粪65份、蚕粪22份、蚯蚓粪18份、甘蔗渣54份、肉桂残渣27份、大腹皮14份、荸荠皮11份、塘泥70份、EM菌种1.1份。
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施170kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，3～6月在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，每次投放量为7.8万头/hm2。
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放640只；麻鸭放养前17天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药。
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所用麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉47份、大豆蛋白粉17份、黄粉虫13份、氨基酸4份、鱼粉4.5份、螺旋藻粉3.5份、骨粉4.5份、荸荠粉1.2份、松针粉1.6份、蚕沙1.4份、酵母硒0.4份、葡萄糖酸锌0.7份、多维素1.8份、微量元素0.9份、鱼油1.4份、壳聚糖0.8份。
本实施例一年可在糖料蔗种植地中放养4批麻鸭，亩获糖料蔗7.8t、绍兴麻鸭835kg/批，糖料蔗产量提高12％，麻鸭产量提高17％，节约饲料成本27％。
实施例3
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的面积为10亩的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，围栏高为100厘米，规格为4目；并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑，筛网高为60厘米，规格为40目；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨。
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用1000kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm的种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种桂南亚14-6210，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：100配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡10min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡24h，所用植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比5:1:10:1000混合而成；将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩9000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
所用腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪80份、牛粪50份、蚕粪30份、蚯蚓粪10份、甘蔗渣60份、肉桂残渣20份、大腹皮15份、荸荠皮10份、塘泥80份、EM菌种1.2份。
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施200kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，3～6月在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，每次投放量为7万头/hm2。
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放550只；麻鸭放养前15天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药。
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所用麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉50份、大豆蛋白粉15份、黄粉虫10份、氨基酸5份、鱼粉5份、螺旋藻粉5份、骨粉3份、荸荠粉1份、松针粉1份、蚕沙2份、酵母硒0.3份、葡萄糖酸锌1份、多维素2份、微量元素0.5份、鱼油1份、壳聚糖1份。
本实施例一年可在糖料蔗种植地中放养5批麻鸭，亩获糖料蔗8.5t、绍兴麻鸭700kg/批，糖料蔗产量提高15％，麻鸭产量提高14％，节约饲料成本23％。
实施例4
一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的面积为2亩的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，围栏高为60厘米，规格为2目；并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑，筛网高为30厘米，规格为30目；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨。
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用800kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm的种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种桂南亚14-2234，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：150配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡15min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡12h，所用植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比3:1:10:1000混合而成；将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩6000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
所用腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪60份、牛粪70份、蚕粪20份、蚯蚓粪20份、甘蔗渣50份、肉桂残渣30份、大腹皮10份、荸荠皮15份、塘泥50份、EM菌种0.8份。
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施100kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，3～6月在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，每次投放量为8万头/hm2。
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放670只；麻鸭放养前20天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药。
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所用麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉40份、大豆蛋白粉20份、黄粉虫15份、氨基酸3份、鱼粉3份、螺旋藻粉3份、骨粉5份、荸荠粉2份、松针粉2份、蚕沙1份、酵母硒0.5份、葡萄糖酸锌0.5份、多维素1份、微量元素1份、鱼油2份、壳聚糖0.5份。
本实施例一年可在糖料蔗种植地中放养3批麻鸭，亩获糖料蔗7t、绍兴麻鸭800kg/批，糖料蔗产量提高10％，麻鸭产量提高10％，节约饲料成本20％。
Claims (7)
1.一种糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻鸭养殖地块的准备：选择有水利设施、水质良好、无污染、排灌方便的糖料蔗种植地块，在选好的地块周围建造围栏，并在围栏底部设置筛网，防止麻鸭逃跑；在地块空旷处搭建避雨棚，放置鸭用自动饮水器和喂食槽，供麻鸭饮水、补食以及躲避天敌和暴雨；
(2)种植糖料蔗：在糖料蔗种植前1个月，对糖料蔗种植地深耕细作，每亩施用800～1000kg腐熟农家肥，在种植地上开挖种植沟；选用直立、抗倒伏糖料蔗品种，选取蔗芽饱满、健壮的半茎种，砍成双芽段，将种茎进行预处理后按照每亩6000～9000芽的用量播种在种植沟内，播种后回土，及时淋水盖膜，如土壤墒情好，则无需淋水；
(3)糖料蔗的管理：种植后，待苗长至7～8叶时，进行一次中耕培土，结合培土每亩施100～200kg腐熟农家肥；根据虫情测报，在各代螟蛾产卵高峰期释放螟黄赤眼蜂，一般为3～6月，每次投放量为7～8万头/hm2；
(4)麻鸭放养：选择体形好、个体大、无病无伤的15-21日龄雏麻鸭，于糖料蔗中耕培土后投放，每亩投放550-670只；麻鸭放养前15-20天及放养后糖料蔗种植地块禁用农药；
(5)麻鸭的饲养管理：每日早晚将麻鸭饲料投放至喂食槽中，注意观察鸭用自动饮水器使用状态，麻鸭白天可在糖料蔗种植地中觅食；
所述麻鸭饲料的配方为：膨化玉米粉40-50份、大豆蛋白粉15-20份、黄粉虫10-15份、氨基酸3-5份、鱼粉3-5份、螺旋藻粉3-5份、骨粉3-5份、荸荠粉1-2份、松针粉1-2份、蚕沙1-2份、酵母硒0.3-0.5份、葡萄糖酸锌0.5-1份、多维素1-2份、微量元素0.5-1份、鱼油1-2份、壳聚糖0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，所述糖料蔗种植地块的面积为2-10亩。
3.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，所述围栏高为60-100厘米，规格为2-4目；所述筛网高为30-60厘米，规格为30-40目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，所述腐熟农家肥的组成为：猪粪60-80份、牛粪50-70份、蚕粪20-30份、蚯蚓粪10-20份、甘蔗渣50-60份、肉桂残渣20-30份、大腹皮10-15份、荸荠皮10-15份、塘泥50-80份、EM菌种0.8-1.2份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，所述种植沟的深度为20～30cm，行距为100～120cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，所述糖料蔗品种为桂糖43号、桂糖47号、桂南亚14-6210、桂南亚14-2234。
7.根据权利要求1所述的糖料蔗、绍兴麻鸭综合生态种养方法，其特征在于，种茎的预处理具体为：先将种茎置于多菌灵与水按照质量比为1：100～150配成的多菌灵溶液中浸泡10～15min，然后捞起，再置于植物生长剂中浸泡12～24h，所述植物生长剂由吲哚乙酸、胺鲜酯、白千层提取物和水按质量比3～5:1:10:1000混合而成。
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