CN109122142A - 一种有机水稻的种植方法 - Google Patents
一种有机水稻的种植方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109122142A CN109122142A CN201811034830.0A CN201811034830A CN109122142A CN 109122142 A CN109122142 A CN 109122142A CN 201811034830 A CN201811034830 A CN 201811034830A CN 109122142 A CN109122142 A CN 109122142A
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- rice
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- days
- paddy
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机水稻的种植方法,该方法包括选地、选种育苗、移栽、田间管理、采收。采用本发明的方法,得到的稻谷不仅营养丰富、口感好、达到有机农产品的标准,而且产量高、质量好、空壳率低,种植成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作物种植技术领域,具体是一种有机水稻的种植方法。
背景技术
水稻所结子实即稻谷,去壳后称大米或米,是世界主要粮食作物之一。我国水稻播种面占全国粮食作物的1/4,而产量则占一半以上。栽培历史已有14000-18000年。稻谷为重要粮食作物;除食用颖果外,可制淀粉、酿酒、制醋,米糠可制糖、榨油、提取糠醛,供工业及医药用;稻秆为良好肥料及造纸原料和编织材料,谷芽和稻根可供药用。世界上近一半人口,包括几乎整个东亚和东南亚的人口,都以稻米为食。我国耕地面积少、人口众多,加上近几十年生态环境不断恶化,使得提高水稻的亩产量变得极为迫切。现有的水稻种植方法往往存在产量和品质不能兼顾的缺陷,在追求产量时大量使用化肥和农药,使得到的水稻化肥农药残留多,品质差;而且长期使用化肥、抗生素、化学刹虫剂等,导致土壤不断向腐败型、净菌型恶化发展。腐败型土壤中含大量镰孢霉腐败菌,养分失衡、物理性差,极易产生病虫害;净菌型土壤富集抗生素类微生物,虽不易发生病虫害,但土壤透气性差,作物生长不活跃,产量低。在这样的大环境之下,采用化学技术,水稻会受到污染,且土壤会逐年恶化,形成恶性循环。因此,急需寻找一种既能提高水稻产量和稻谷质量的种植方法,又不使用化学合成肥料和农药。
有机水稻是指水稻栽种过程中,采用可持续的农业技术以维持持续稳定的农业生产体系,使用有机农业的栽种方式生产出来的水稻,产地必须通过国家认证机构有机基地认证,有机水稻在生产过程中的投入品不采用基因工程生物和产物,不使用化学合成的化肥、农药和生长调节剂等。
在有机水稻种植过程中,影响产量和质量较为严重的包括福寿螺和稻瘟。福寿螺能咬断水稻主蘖及有效分蘖,导致有效穗减少而造成减产达20%以上。除啮食水稻等水生植物外还传播广州管圆线虫等疾病。现今,对福寿螺的防治是以化学防治为主,辅以人工防治,选用的化学杀螺剂对水体毒性大,严重污染水质;而且施药量大、成本高、效果差。由于对福寿螺的生态习性了解不够,防治不力,福寿螺一直除不尽。稻瘟病是水稻重要病害之一,可引起大幅度减产,严重时减产40%-50%,甚至颗粒无收。长期连阴雨、长期灌深水、大水串灌、日照不足、时晴时雨、多雾重露、土壤温度低均有利于发病,大面积种植抗病性差水稻也极易导致大面积发病;偏施/迟施氮肥、栽培过密、粗放管理亦易诱发稻瘟病。如何消除福寿螺和稻瘟一直是水稻种植有待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有机水稻的种植方法,使用本发明的方法,得到的稻谷不仅营养丰富、口感好、达到有机农产品的标准,而且产量高、质量好、空壳率低,种植成本低。
一种有机水稻的种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选地:选择水源充足、土地肥沃、远离污染严重的水田作为种植基地。
(2)选种育苗:选择高产抗病的水稻种子,用甲基硫菌灵的500倍稀释液浸种24h,洗净沥晒升温催芽后播种育秧。
(3)移栽:插秧前7-15天在水田施入农家肥,亩用量800-1000kg,用农耕机对水田进行耙耕,耙耕后要保持田里一直有水浸没但不满溢;待秧苗长至高15-20cm时,将秧苗移栽到田里,株行距为(15-18)cm *(20-25)cm,每亩抛秧1.5-1.8万苗。
(4)田间管理:
1)耙耕田后在田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,每盏灯控制25-30亩,每盏灯间距150-160m,灯高距地面1.1-1.2m,每隔3-5天把杀虫灯里面的虫取出拿去喂鸭;
2)在稻田进水口安装阻隔网,防止福寿螺进入稻田;耙田后,在田里插入50-80cm高的竹片或木条,每亩40-60根,引诱福寿螺在竹片或木条上集中产卵,每3-7天摘除一次卵块拿去喂鸭;
3)耙田后,在稻田里放养出壳30天以上的鸭子,8-12只每亩,插秧的前一天收回;
4)秧苗移栽10天后,在田里放养出壳8-15天的雏鸭,18-22只每亩,在水稻破口期喷药前收回鸭子,成熟收割后再次放鸭;
5)在水稻破口期和齐穗期分别使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药;
6)水稻移栽至返青分蘖初期深水灌溉,水深4-6cm,返青后降低至2-3cm,有效分蘖结束后,立刻排水晒田,6-10天,晒田后实行干湿间歇灌溉,一个轮回12-16天;谷粒灌浆结束后,排干田间积水;
7)每年采收水稻后种植冬季绿肥进行土壤培肥,实行豆科绿肥与水稻轮作,每年翻埋绿肥2000-3000㎏/亩,秸秆粉碎还田培肥。
(5)采收:待水稻成熟后采收稻谷,收割时留茬高20㎝以上,稻草粉碎后还田,确保每年水稻秸秆还田200㎏/亩以上。
所述农家肥由花生粕、豆粕、稻草粉末、果蔬废弃物、猪粪、牛粪混合均匀,密封发酵腐熟1-2个月后,再加入5-10%的复合菌剂混合均匀即得。
所述使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药是利用羊角拗、钩吻、辣蓼草、大叶桉、樟木叶、若楝叶、了哥王、鱼藤根、烟草、臭椿叶、乌柏叶、朝天椒、百部根、铁冬青、五色梅、桃树叶等草药制成的。制作方法:取等份量上述草药混合后加入5-10倍重量份水,在80-100℃回流蒸煮30-90分钟过滤,即得。用于防治水稻病虫害,防治有效率达72.1-89.4%。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明采用稻鸭共生的方法种植水稻,鸭子不仅能吃掉田里的害虫和福寿螺、除去田里的杂草;鸭子每天在田里活动还能增强了田间空气通透性,鸭子的粪便给秧苗提供肥料,提高了水稻品质,增加了经济效益。该模式使鸭子、水田、水稻形成一个动态的多级食物链网结构和动物循环再生利用体系,既有效控制了害虫、杂草,减轻纹枯病、稻飞虱等发生的危害,又为鸭子提供了天然的食料,同时还增加了收入,一举多得。使用本发明的方法,得到的稻谷不仅营养丰富、口感好、达到有机农产品的标准,而且产量高、质量好、空壳率低,种植成本低;鸭子成长速度快,长大后的鸭子宰杀时鸭肉细嫩、味道鲜美。
本发明在水稻田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯,太阳能频振式杀虫灯通过光电控制,夜间自动开启、白天自动关闭电源,通过时控装置可以按设定时间启闭;通过雨控装置,下雨时自动关闭。采用太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,可以诱导一些趋光性的害虫,对害虫的天敌又不会有太大的影响,和鸭子共同作用,可以消除田里90%以上的害虫和虫卵,很好地预防虫害的发生。太阳能频振式杀虫灯利用太阳能发电发光,不用接拉电线,在野外亦可使用,而且比较安全。本发明使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药,可以有效预防稻瘟,而且高效安全;所用生物农药是用多种草药熬制而成,药性强、原料来源广、制备方法简单,喷施后对其他有益生物无毒副作用,符合有机作物种植需要。
本发明还采取了一些防治福寿螺的方法,比如安装阻隔网、扦插竹片或木条引诱福寿螺集中产卵后销毁、放鸭吃食福寿螺及其产生的卵泡,通过这些方法,可以有效地消除福寿螺,避免福寿螺咬断水稻主蘖及有效分蘖导致有效穗减少、传播线虫等危害。
稻谷在收割时会有一些稻粒遗落在田里,田里的害虫因为没有稻草附着和阻挡在田面上飞,如果不及时清除,它们会产卵附着在杂草或稻草根部。本发明在收割稻谷后再次放鸭,鸭子既可以吃掉遗落的稻粒,还能捕捉害虫,减少稻田里的害虫,同时抑制田里杂草的繁育。
具体实施方式
为了更加详细的介绍本发明,下面结合实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种有机水稻的种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选地:在广西横县横州镇朝阳大垌选择水源充足、土地肥沃、远离污染严重的水田作为种植基地。
(2)选种育苗:选择高产抗病、抗倒伏的广西巴马细长黑糯米新品种的种子,用甲基硫菌灵的500倍稀释液浸种24h,洗净沥晒升温催芽后播种育秧。
巴马黑糯米也叫墨米,是巴马县高寒山区的珍稀稻种,已有几百多年的种植史,为粮中之珍品。富含氨基酸达18种,其中8种是人体所不可缺少的,尤以苏氨酸、赖氨酸含量最高,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、硫胺素、核黄素及矿物营养元素均高于其它稻种。墨米还含有脂肪、钙、磷、铁等多种营养成分,黑米所含锰、锌 、铜等无机盐大都比大米高1-3倍;更含有大米所缺乏的维生素C、叶绿素、花青素、胡萝卜素及强心甙等特殊成分,因而黑米比普通大米更具营养。用此米做饭,味道香甜,甜而不腻,柔软可口,具有滋阴补脾、健脾温肝、益气补血、生津明目、壮筋健骨、利便止泻之功效。当地中医常用墨米治疗跌打损伤、风湿痹症、早期白发以及神经衰弱等病症,故有“药米”、“神米”之美称。
(3)移栽:插秧前11天在水田施入农家肥,亩用量900kg,用农耕机对水田进行耙耕,耙耕后要保持田里一直有水浸没但不满溢;待秧苗长至高15-20cm时,将秧苗移栽到田里,株行距为(15-18)cm *(20-25)cm,每亩抛秧1.5-1.8万苗。
(4)田间管理:
1)耕田后在田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,每盏灯控制25亩,每盏灯间距155m,灯高距地面1.2m,每隔4天把杀虫灯里面的虫取出拿去喂鸭;太阳能频振式杀虫灯通过光电控制,夜间自动开启、白天自动关闭电源,通过时控装置可以按设定时间启闭;通过雨控装置,设置下雨时自动关闭;
2)在稻田进水口安装阻隔网,防止福寿螺进入稻田;耙田后,在田里插入65cm高的竹片或木条,每亩50根,引诱福寿螺在竹片或木条上集中产卵,每5天摘除一次卵块拿去喂鸭;
3)耙田后,在稻田里放养出壳30天以上的鸭子,10只每亩,插秧的前一天收回;
4)秧苗移栽10天后,在田里放养出壳12天的雏鸭,20只每亩,在水稻破口期喷药前收回鸭子,成熟收割后再次放鸭;
5)在水稻破口期和齐穗期分别使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药;
6)水稻移栽至返青分蘖初期深水灌溉,水深4-6cm,返青后降低至2-3cm,有效分蘖结束后,立刻排水晒田,8天,晒田后实行干湿间歇灌溉,以根保叶,养根保蘖,一个轮回14天;谷粒灌浆结束后,排干田间积水;
7)每年采收水稻后种植冬季绿肥进行土壤培肥,实行豆科绿肥与水稻轮作,每年翻埋绿肥2500㎏/亩,秸秆粉碎还田培肥。
(5)采收:待水稻成熟后采收稻谷,收割时留茬高20㎝以上,稻草粉碎后还田,确保每年水稻秸秆还田200㎏/亩以上。
所述农家肥由花生粕、豆粕、稻草粉末、果蔬废弃物、猪粪、牛粪混合均匀,密封发酵腐熟2个月后,再加入8%的复合菌剂混合均匀即得。
所述使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药是利用羊角拗、钩吻、辣蓼草、大叶桉、樟木叶、若楝叶、了哥王、鱼藤根、烟草、臭椿叶、乌柏叶、朝天椒、百部根、铁冬青、五色梅、桃树叶等草药制成的。制作方法:取等份量上述草药混合后加入8倍重量份水,在90℃回流蒸煮60分钟过滤,即得。用于防治水稻病虫害,防治效果达72.1-89.4%。
实施例2
一种有机水稻的种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选地:在广西横县横州镇朝阳大垌选择水源充足、土地肥沃、远离污染严重的水田作为种植基地。
(2)选种育苗:选择高产抗病、抗倒伏的红香米的种子,用甲基硫菌灵的500倍稀释液浸种24h,洗净沥晒升温催芽后播种育秧。
(3)移栽:插秧前7天在水田施入农家肥,亩用量800kg,用农耕机对水田进行耙耕,耙耕后要保持田里一直有水浸没但不满溢;待秧苗长至高15-20cm时,将秧苗移栽到田里,株行距为(15-18)cm *(20-25)cm,每亩抛秧1.5-1.8万苗。
(4)田间管理:
1)耕田后在田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,每盏灯控制30亩,每盏灯间距160m,灯高距地面1.1m,每隔3天把杀虫灯里面的虫取出拿去喂鸭;太阳能频振式杀虫灯通过光电控制,夜间自动开启、白天自动关闭电源,通过时控装置可以按设定时间启闭;通过雨控装置,设置下雨时自动关闭;
2)在稻田进水口安装阻隔网,防止福寿螺进入稻田;耙田后,在田里插入50cm高的竹片或木条,每亩60根,引诱福寿螺在竹片或木条上集中产卵,每3天摘除一次卵块拿去喂鸭;
3)耙田后,在稻田里放养出壳30天以上的鸭子,8只每亩,插秧的前一天收回;
4)秧苗移栽10天后,在田里放养出壳8天的雏鸭,22只每亩,在水稻破口期喷药前收回鸭子,成熟收割后再次放鸭;
5)在水稻破口期和齐穗期分别使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药;
6)水稻移栽至返青分蘖初期深水灌溉,水深4-6cm,返青后降低至2-3cm,有效分蘖结束后,立刻排水晒田,6天,晒田后实行干湿间歇灌溉,以根保叶,养根保蘖,一个轮回12天;谷粒灌浆结束后,排干田间积水;
7)每年采收水稻后种植冬季绿肥进行土壤培肥,实行豆科绿肥与水稻轮作,每年翻埋绿肥3000㎏/亩,秸秆粉碎还田培肥。
(5)采收:待水稻成熟后采收稻谷,收割时留茬高20㎝以上,稻草粉碎后还田,确保每年水稻秸秆还田200㎏/亩以上。
所述农家肥由花生粕、豆粕、稻草粉末、果蔬废弃物、猪粪、牛粪混合均匀,密封发酵腐熟2个月后,再加入10%的复合菌剂混合均匀即得。
所述使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药是利用羊角拗、钩吻、辣蓼草、大叶桉、樟木叶、若楝叶、了哥王、鱼藤根、烟草、臭椿叶、乌柏叶、朝天椒、百部根、铁冬青、五色梅、桃树叶等草药制成的,制作方法:取等份量上述草药混合后加入10倍重量份水,在80℃回流蒸煮90分钟过滤,即得;用于防治水稻病虫害,防治效果达72.1-89.4%。
实施例3
一种有机水稻的种植方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选地:在广西横县横州镇朝阳大垌选择水源充足、土地肥沃、远离污染严重的水田作为种植基地。
(2)选种育苗:选择增科新选丝苗1号的种子,用甲基硫菌灵的500倍稀释液浸种24h,洗净沥晒升温催芽后播种育秧。
(3)移栽:插秧前15天在水田施入农家肥,亩用量1000kg,用农耕机对水田进行耙耕,耙耕后要保持田里一直有水浸没但不满溢;待秧苗长至高15-20cm时,将秧苗移栽到田里,株行距为(15-18)cm *(20-25)cm,每亩抛秧1.5-1.8万苗。
(4)田间管理:
1)耕田后在田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,每盏灯控制25亩,每盏灯间距150m,灯高距地面1.2m,每隔5天把杀虫灯里面的虫取出拿去喂鸭;太阳能频振式杀虫灯通过光电控制,夜间自动开启、白天自动关闭电源,通过时控装置可以按设定时间启闭;通过雨控装置,设置下雨时自动关闭;
2)在稻田进水口安装阻隔网,防止福寿螺进入稻田;耙田后,在田里插入80cm高的竹片或木条,每亩40根,引诱福寿螺在竹片或木条上集中产卵,每7天摘除一次卵块拿去喂鸭;
3)耙田后,在稻田里放养出壳30天以上的鸭子,12只每亩,插秧的前一天收回;
4)秧苗移栽10天后,在田里放养出壳15天的雏鸭,18只每亩,在水稻破口期喷药前收回鸭子,成熟收割后再次放鸭;
5)在水稻破口期和齐穗期分别使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药;
6)水稻移栽至返青分蘖初期深水灌溉,水深4-6cm,返青后降低至2-3cm,有效分蘖结束后,立刻排水晒田,10天,晒田后实行干湿间歇灌溉,以根保叶,养根保蘖,一个轮回16天;谷粒灌浆结束后,排干田间积水;
7)每年采收水稻后种植冬季绿肥进行土壤培肥,实行豆科绿肥与水稻轮作,每年翻埋绿肥2000㎏/亩,秸秆粉碎还田培肥。
(5)采收:待水稻成熟后采收稻谷,收割时留茬高20㎝以上,稻草粉碎后还田,确保每年水稻秸秆还田200㎏/亩以上。
所述农家肥由花生粕、豆粕、稻草粉末、果蔬废弃物、猪粪、牛粪混合均匀,密封发酵腐熟1个月后,再加入5%的复合菌剂混合均匀即得。
所述使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药是利用羊角拗、钩吻、辣蓼草、大叶桉、樟木叶、若楝叶、了哥王、鱼藤根、烟草、臭椿叶、乌柏叶、朝天椒、百部根、铁冬青、五色梅、桃树叶等草药制成的,制作方法:取等份量上述草药混合后加入5倍重量份水,在100℃回流蒸煮30分钟过滤,即得;用于防治水稻病虫害,防治效果达72.1-89.4%。
本申请人于2017年1月至2017年12月份应用实施例1的方法种植了50亩水稻。试验结果表明,采用稻-灯-鸭生态模式种植水稻,鸭能吞食水稻害虫和福寿螺,取食稻田杂草,可减少化学防治2-4次,每亩节约农药开支100-200元;害虫和杂草作为鸭子饲料,鸭子的排泄物是水稻的优质有机肥,可减少饲料和肥料的投入;每亩增产稻谷约20公斤;每亩综合增收约200元。
Claims (3)
1.一种有机水稻的种植方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选地:选择水源充足、土地肥沃、远离污染的水田作为种植基地;
(2)选种育苗:选择高产抗病的水稻种子,用甲基硫菌灵的500倍稀释液浸种20-24h,洗净沥晒升温催芽后播种育秧;
(3)移栽:插秧前7-15天在水田里施入农家肥,亩用量800-1000kg,用农耕机对水田进行耙耕,耙耕后要保持田里一直有水浸没但不满溢;待秧苗长至高15-20cm时,将秧苗移栽到田里,株行距为(15-18)cm *(20-25)cm,每亩抛秧1.5-1.8万苗;
(4)田间管理:
1)耙耕田后在田里安装太阳能频振式杀虫灯诱虫,每盏灯控制25-30亩,每盏灯间距150-160m,灯高距地面1.1-1.2m,每隔3-5天把杀虫灯里面的虫取出拿去喂鸭;
2)在稻田进水口安装阻隔网,防止福寿螺进入稻田;耙田后,在田里插入50-80cm高的竹片或木条,每亩40-60根,引诱福寿螺在竹片或木条上集中产卵,每3-7天摘除一次卵块拿去喂鸭;
3)耙田后,在稻田里放养出壳30天以上的鸭子,8-12只每亩,插秧的前一天收回;
4)秧苗移栽10天后,在田里放养出壳8-15天的雏鸭,18-22只每亩,在水稻破口期喷药前收回鸭子,成熟收割后再次放鸭;
5)在水稻破口期和齐穗期分别使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药;
6)水稻移栽至返青分蘖初期深水灌溉,水深4-6cm,返青后降低至2-3cm,有效分蘖结束后,立刻排水晒田,6-10天,晒田后实行干湿间歇灌溉,一个轮回12-16天;谷粒灌浆结束后,排干田间积水;
7)每年采收水稻后种植冬季绿肥进行土壤培肥,实行豆科绿肥与水稻轮作,每年翻埋绿肥2000-3000㎏/亩,秸秆粉碎还田培肥;
(5)采收:待水稻成熟后采收稻谷,收割时留茬高20㎝以上,稻草粉碎后还田,确保每年水稻秸秆还田200㎏/亩以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述水稻的种植方法,其特征在于,所述农家肥由花生粕、豆粕、稻草粉末、果蔬废弃物、猪粪、牛粪混合均匀,密封发酵腐熟1-2个月后,再加入5-10%的复合菌剂混合均匀即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述有机水稻的种植方法,其特征在于,所述使用无人植保机对水稻喷施防治稻瘟的生物农药是利用羊角拗、钩吻、辣蓼草、大叶桉、樟木叶、若楝叶、了哥王、鱼藤根、烟草、臭椿叶、乌柏叶、朝天椒、百部根、铁冬青、五色梅、桃树叶等草药制成的;制作方法:取等份量上述草药混合后加入5-10倍重量份水,在80-100℃回流蒸煮30-90分钟过滤,即得;用于防治水稻病虫害,防治有效率达72.1-89.4%。
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CN109906897A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-21 | 朱孔志 | 有机水稻种植方法 |
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CN109601294A (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-12 | 福建下洋生态农业开发有限公司 | 一种利用鸭螺生态培育水稻的方法 |
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CN110100622A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-09 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | 四川盆地杂交中稻低农药施用量种植方法 |
CN110367196A (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 上海海洋大学 | 一种大规模环保型有机生态猪养殖方法 |
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