CN111280044A

CN111280044A - Seed potato aeroponic cultivation device and method

Info

Publication number: CN111280044A
Application number: CN202010366408.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐勋; 司怀军; 张宁; 珊朵娜; 杨江伟; 李世贵
Original assignee: Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd; Gansu Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-02-07
Filing date: 2020-04-30
Publication date: 2020-06-16

Abstract

The invention provides a seed potato aeroponic device and method, the device includes: the support passes through the mounting by the angle bar and constitutes, places the roof on the support, and the roof is equipped with the planting hole, and the mount is placed to planting hole next door, and the support middle part is equipped with the plywood, is equipped with the plywood hole on the plywood, and plywood hole below is equipped with the spray tube, and the water pump is connected to the spray tube, and the water pump is by motor drive, installs the stop valve on the spray tube, has placed the basin on the plywood of below, and the support bottom is equipped with the universal wheel, and the. The invention adopts the multi-level laminate to realize that the spray only aims at the roots without the potato seeds, thereby reducing the water content of the potato tubers; the sprayed nutrient solution is not directly sprayed on the tuber, so that the osmotic damage is avoided. Realize the ventilation further to reduce potato water content between the plywood to guarantee that root cell has sufficient oxygen, air convection realizes that root temperature and ambient temperature are invariable. The sequential harvesting is realized by adopting a multi-level laminate, and the grading of the seed potatoes is more convenient.

Description

Seed potato aeroponic cultivation device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of potato seed production, and particularly relates to a potato seed aeroponic cultivation device and method.

Background

The potato is an annual solanaceae tuber crop, belongs to the fourth large grain crop, originates from the Andes mountain range in south America before 8000 years, and has high economic value, the statistical data of the world grain and crop organization show that the global planting area and the annual yield of the potato are only inferior to those of corn, wheat and rice, the potato is planted in countries over 2/3 globally, the planting area is continuously increased in recent years, grains and nutrients of residents in many poor areas mainly originate from the potato.

The aerosol cultivation technology is applied to the production of potato seeds in the nineties of the last century, but the aerosol cultivation production of virus-free potato seeds used up to now has the defects that the aerosol cultivation nutrient solution is directly sprayed on tubers, so that the tubers have high water content and short storage period; the nutrient solution is directly sprayed on tubers to form high-concentration salt after air drying, so that the problem of osmotic damage is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a potato seed aeroponic cultivation device and method, and provides a new technical scheme on the basis of a potato virus-free seed potato cultivation system (CN 201911102553.7) applied by an applicant in 11/2019. The potato roots penetrate through the small holes in the multi-level laminates, and stolons are mostly near the root base, so that the upper laminates grow potato tubers, and the lower laminates realize the spraying absorption of nutrition and moisture.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a seed potato aeroponic cultivation device, its structure includes: the support passes through the mounting by the angle bar and constitutes, places the roof on the support, and the roof is equipped with the planting hole, and the mount is placed to planting hole next door, and the support middle part is equipped with the plywood, is equipped with the plywood hole on the plywood, and plywood hole below is equipped with the spray tube, and the water pump is connected to the spray tube, and the water pump is by motor drive, installs the stop valve on the spray tube, has placed the basin on the plywood of below, and the support bottom is equipped with the universal wheel, and the fan is installed to the lateral wall.

Preferably, the brackets are assembled by angle irons or stainless steel angle irons and are fixed by common bolts, and the distance between the brackets of the mounting laminate is flexibly set at 5-200cm according to the growing positions of stolons of different potato varieties.

Preferably, the shape and size of the planting holes are matched with the culture assembly, and the culture assembly can be placed in the planting holes.

Preferably, the fixing frame is inserted into the small hole of the top plate, the fixing frame is divided into an upright post and a circular ring provided with an opening, and the potato stalks are sleeved in the circular ring to be fixed.

Preferably, the top plate and the laminated plate are both placed on the support, and the angle iron grooves of the support are opposite, so that the top plate and the laminated plate are directly placed in the grooves; the laminate is provided with 2-5 layers.

Preferably, 1600-6400 holes are arranged in each square meter of the number of the laminate holes, the diameter of each laminate hole is 12.5-25mm, and the method comprises the following steps: 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 25mm to screen different grades of seed potatoes.

Preferably, the spray pipe is provided with an injection hole for liquid injection, the injection hole is arranged below the side, the inner part of the injection hole is small and the outer part of the injection hole is large to form a cone, and the spray pipe is arranged below the top plate and the laminate through the elastic sheet.

Preferably, the motor adopts a 220V household circuit motor, is matched with a timer for use, and can set different working time.

Preferably, the water tanks are made of plastics and are arranged in parallel, nutrient solutions with different formulas can be contained according to the culture needs, communication holes are formed in the lower portions of the water tanks, and when the culture solutions are connected through hoses at the same time.

Preferably, the fan sets up between the plywood relatively, and one side blows in the opposite side suction with the air, realizes the air convection between the plywood to guarantee that root cell has sufficient oxygen, the air convection realizes that root temperature and ambient temperature are invariable in addition, does not have the potato air convection of the plywood of spraying to further reduce humidity.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the multi-level laminate is adopted to realize that the spray only aims at the roots without the potato seeds, so that the water content of the potato tubers is reduced; the sprayed nutrient solution is not directly sprayed on the tuber, so that the osmotic damage is avoided. 3. The inter-layer ventilation further reduces the moisture content of the potatoes. 4. Ventilation between the laminas ensures that the root cells have enough oxygen. 5. The air convection realizes that the root temperature is consistent and constant with the outside temperature. 6. The sequential harvesting is realized by adopting a multi-level laminate, and the potato seeds are more convenient to sell in a grading way. 7. The invention adopts the detachable groups, is convenient for production and installation, has low production cost, and is convenient for moving because the universal wheels are arranged at the bottom.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an aerial fog cultivation device for planting potatoes;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fixing frame of an aerosol cultivation device for planting potatoes;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spraying system of an aerial fog cultivation device for seed potatoes;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bracket of an aerial fog cultivation device for planting potatoes;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the nozzle structure and installation of an aerial fog cultivation device for seed potatoes;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an aerial fog cultivation device for planting potatoes;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the cultivation effect of an aerial fog cultivation device for seed potatoes;

in the figure, a support 1, a top plate 2, a planting hole 3, a fixing frame 4, a layer plate 5, a layer plate hole 6, a spray pipe 7, a water tank 8, a universal wheel 9, a fan 10, a fixing piece 11, an elastic piece 12, a motor 13, a water pump 14, a stop valve 15, shading cloth 16 and potatoes 17 are arranged.

Detailed description of the invention

The methods and devices used in the following examples of the present invention are conventional methods and devices unless otherwise specified; the equipment and the reagent are all conventional equipment and reagents purchased by a reagent company. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the specific embodiments. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the specific examples.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the technical solutions of the present invention with unnecessary details, only the technical solutions and/or processing steps closely related to the technical solutions of the present invention are shown in the embodiments, and other details that are not relevant are omitted.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a seed potato aeroponic cultivation device, as shown in fig. 1-7, its structure includes: support 1 passes through mounting 11 by the angle bar and constitutes, place roof 2 on support 1, roof 2 is equipped with planting hole 3, fixing frame 4 is placed to planting hole 3 next door, 1 middle part of support is equipped with plywood 5, be equipped with plywood hole 6 on the

plywood

5, 6 below in plywood hole is equipped with spray tube 7, spray tube 7 connects water pump 14, water pump 14 is driven by motor 13, install stop valve 15 on the spray tube 7, basin 8 has been placed on the plywood 5 of below, 1 bottom of support is equipped with universal wheel 9, fan 10 is installed to the lateral wall about 1 of support, 1 preceding rear side of support is equipped with shading cloth 16.

Further, the bracket 1 is assembled by angle iron or stainless steel angle iron and fixed by common bolts or quick-release bolts described in CN 201721794188.7. The fixing piece 11 is L-shaped, and is provided with a mounting hole which is matched with a mounting hole of the angle iron of the bracket 1.

Further, the shape and size of the planting hole 3 are matched with the culture member, and the culture member can be put into the planting hole.

Further, the fixing frame 4 is inserted into the small hole of the top plate, and can be conveniently taken out and installed, and the fixing frame 4 is used for fixing the overground part of the potatoes to prevent the potatoes from lodging as shown in fig. 2. The fixing frame 4 is divided into an upright post and a circular ring provided with an opening, and the potato stalks are sleeved in the circular ring to be fixed. The fixing frame 4 is very convenient to disassemble and can be directly pulled out from the upper part.

Further, the top plate 2 and the layer plate 5 are both placed on the support 1, and the angle iron grooves of the support 1 are opposite, so that the top plate 2 and the layer plate 5 are directly placed in the grooves; the laminate 5 is provided with 2-5 layers.

Further, the number of the layer plate holes 6 is more than that of the planting holes 3, 1600-6400 holes are arranged in each square meter, the diameter of the layer plate holes 6 is flexibly arranged according to the potato size of the potato variety and is set to be 12.5-25mm according to GB NY-T2716-2015, and the method comprises the following steps: 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 25mm to screen different grades of seed potatoes.

Further, the nozzle 7 is provided with an ejection hole for ejecting the liquid, and as shown in fig. 5 (upper left), the ejection hole is provided in a laterally lower position and not provided immediately below, so that the liquid is ejected toward roots on both sides of the nozzle 7. The nozzles 7 spray downwards and not upwards, keeping the upper side of the laminate 5 dry. Potato roots pass through laminate holes 6 to plug laminate holes 6, further reducing moisture above laminate 5. The inner part of the spray hole is small and the outer part is large to form a cone, and the liquid in the spray pipe 7 is sprayed out from the cone-shaped spray hole to form aerosol under the action of pressure according to the fluid mechanics principle. The spout 7 is mounted below the top plate 2 and tier plate 5 by clips 12 as shown in figure 5 (upper and lower right).

Further, the motor 13 adopts a 220V household circuit motor and is used with a timer (such as Yiyi AL-06 AL-06), and different working time can be set.

Furthermore, the water tank 8 is made of plastic and is arranged on the last layer of the laminate 5 in parallel, nutrient solutions with different formulas can be contained according to the culture needs, the communication holes are arranged below the water tank 8, and when the culture solutions are connected by using hoses at the same time.

Further, fan 10 sets up relatively between the plywood, and one side blows in the opposite side suction with the air, realizes the air convection between the plywood to guarantee that root cell has sufficient oxygen, the air convection realizes that root temperature and ambient temperature are invariable in addition, does not have the potato air convection of the plywood 5 of spraying to further reduce humidity.

Furthermore, black plastic sheets are arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the bracket 1 except for the position where the fan 10 is installed for shading light; the front side and the rear side of the bracket 1 are provided with shading cloth 16, the shading cloth 16 is shaped like a roller shutter and can be rolled up through a rotating shaft to conveniently observe and harvest the seed potatoes 17.

Example 2

The present embodiment provides an aerosol cultivation method for potato seeds, which combines the apparatus described in embodiment 1 and the "potato seed cultivation system without virus" (CN 201911102553.7), and comprises the following steps:

(1) propagation of tissue culture seedling

And carrying out tissue culture seedling propagation by adopting the method described in CN 201911102553.7.

(2) Planting tissue culture seedling

And (3) performing tissue culture seedling planting by adopting the method described in CN 201911102553.7.

(3) Cultivation before tuber formation

After planting, a sugar-free culture medium is adopted, the motor 13 is started, the stop valve 15 is adjusted, only the spray pipe 7 below the top plate 2 is sprayed, and the spraying time is reasonably set by adjusting the timer. After the potato roots grow, they extend from the layer 5 into the space of the next layer.

(4) Cultivation at tuber formation stage

And after the tubers enter a forming period and an expanding period, stopping spraying of the spray pipes 7 of the top plate 2 and the upper laminate 5, only opening the spray pipe 7 of the lower laminate 5, firstly growing stolons at the parts close to the root bases according to the growth characteristics of the potatoes, and forming the potato tubers at the tail ends of the stolons, so that most tubers are formed below the top plate 2. And starting the fan 10 in the growth process to convect air and reduce humidity. The growth time is prolonged, the stolons on the lower layer plate also start to grow the potato tubers, and at the moment, only the spray pipes 7 of the layer plate 5 on the next layer are opened, so that the sequential harvesting and the graded selling of the seed potatoes are realized.

(5) Seed potato harvesting and seedling recovery

As shown in figure 7, 17 potatoes cannot penetrate through the layer plate 5 due to the limitation of the layer plate 5 and the layer plate holes 6, so that the potatoes forming the upper layer plate grow firstly, and are harvested firstly after the individuals meet the requirements of the potatoes, and the convenient harvesting is realized. After the whole growth period is finished, the fixing frame 4 is pulled out, the shovel knife is adopted to shovel off the potato stems and the roots on the top plate 2 and the laminated plate 5, and then the potato roots and the stems are recovered by the rakes.

The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present application and it is noted that numerous modifications and adaptations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a seed potato aeroponic cultivation device which characterized in that, its structure includes: the support passes through the mounting by the angle bar and constitutes, places the roof on the support, and the roof is equipped with the planting hole, and the mount is placed to planting hole next door, and the support middle part is equipped with the plywood, is equipped with the plywood hole on the plywood, and plywood hole below is equipped with the spray tube, and the water pump is connected to the spray tube, and the water pump is by motor drive, installs the stop valve on the spray tube, has placed the basin on the plywood of below, and the support bottom is equipped with the universal wheel, and the fan is installed to the lateral wall.

2. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes of claim 1, wherein the support is assembled by angle iron or stainless steel angle iron and fixed by common bolts.

3. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes of claim 1, wherein the fixing frame is inserted into the small hole of the top plate, the fixing frame is divided into a column and a ring with an opening, and the potato stem is fixed in the ring.

4. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes of claim 1, wherein the top plate and the layer plate are both placed on the support, and the grooves of the angle iron of the support are opposite, so that the top plate and the layer plate are directly placed in the grooves; the laminate is provided with 2-5 layers.

5. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1600-6400 holes are provided per square meter for the number of laminate holes, and the diameter of each laminate hole is set to 12.5-25mm, comprising: 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 25mm to screen different grades of seed potatoes.

6. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes of claim 1, wherein the nozzle tube is provided with an injection hole for injecting the liquid, the injection hole is arranged at a lower side, the inside of the injection hole is small and the outside of the injection hole is large to form a cone, and the nozzle tube is arranged below the top plate and the layer plate through elastic pieces.

7. The aerosol cultivation device for seed potatoes of claim 1, wherein the fans are oppositely arranged between the laminates, and air is blown into one side of the device and sucked out of the device, so that air convection between the laminates is realized.

8. The aerosol cultivation device and method for the seed potatoes are characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) propagating the tissue culture seedlings; (2) planting tissue culture seedlings; (3) culturing before tuber formation; (4) culturing in a tuber forming period; (5) seed potato harvesting and seedling recovery.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein step (3) comprises: after field planting, a sugar-free culture medium is adopted, a motor is started, a stop valve is adjusted, only a spray pipe below a top plate is sprayed, a timer is adjusted to reasonably set spraying time, and the potato roots stretch into the space of the next plate from the plate after growing.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein step (4) comprises: after tubers enter a forming period and an expanding period, spraying of spraying pipes of the top plate and the upper laminate is stopped, only the spraying pipe of the lower laminate is opened, stolons grow out from the parts close to the root bases according to the growth characteristics of the potatoes, potato tubers are formed at the tail ends of the stolons, so that most tubers are formed below the top plate, a fan is started in the growth process to reduce the humidity of air convection, the growth time is prolonged, the stolons on the lower laminate also start to grow the potato tubers, and at the moment, only the spraying pipe of the next laminate is opened to realize sequential harvesting and graded selling of the potatoes; the step (5) comprises the following steps: because the plywood and the restriction of plywood hole, the potato kind potato can't pass the plywood to the seed potato that forms the upper strata plywood grows earlier, and individual gathers in advance after reaching the seed potato requirement, realizes conveniently gathering, after whole growth period finishes, pulls out the mount, adopts the spiller to shovel off potato stem and root on roof and plywood, and reuse rake retrieves potato root and stem.