CN111271141A - 涡轮增压器、用于生产涡轮增压器的组件的方法和用途 - Google Patents

涡轮增压器、用于生产涡轮增压器的组件的方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN111271141A
CN111271141A CN201911227436.3A CN201911227436A CN111271141A CN 111271141 A CN111271141 A CN 111271141A CN 201911227436 A CN201911227436 A CN 201911227436A CN 111271141 A CN111271141 A CN 111271141A
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turbocharger
stator
turbine
compressor
housing
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S.勃兰特
S.施托尔
L.奥拉斯
S.罗斯特
S.韦哈德
S.乌伦布罗克
S.施彭格勒
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
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    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
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    • F04D29/102—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/104—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps the sealing fluid being other than the working fluid or being the working fluid treated
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    • F04D29/5853—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps heat insulation or conduction
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Abstract

一种涡轮增压器，所述涡轮增压器具有涡轮，该涡轮用于使第一介质膨胀；所述涡轮增压器具有压缩机，该压缩机用于利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中提取的能量来压缩第二介质，其中，涡轮壳体（41）和压缩机壳体（31、61、71）各自连接到被布置在其之间的轴承壳体（25），其中，涡轮壳体（41）和/或压缩机壳体（31、61、71）和/或轴承壳体（25）形成定子侧组件和/或接收定子侧组件（10、20、50），该定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。通过生成式制造方法来生产用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的相应的定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）。

Description

涡轮增压器、用于生产涡轮增压器的组件的方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮增压器。此外，本发明涉及用于生产涡轮增压器的组件的方法、该组件的用途和该方法的用途。
背景技术
涡轮增压器的基本构造对此处提及的本领域技术人员是已知的。涡轮增压器包括涡轮，第一介质在该涡轮中膨胀。此外，涡轮增压器包括压缩机，即利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中提取的能量在该压缩机中压缩第二介质。涡轮增压器的涡轮包括涡轮壳体和涡轮转子。涡轮增压器的压缩机包括压缩机壳体和压缩机转子。轴承壳体被定位在涡轮的涡轮壳体与压缩机的压缩机壳体之间，其中，轴承壳体一方面连接到涡轮壳体且另一方面连接到压缩机壳体。轴被安装在轴承壳体中，涡轮转子经由该轴联接到压缩机转子。
迄今为止，涡轮增压器的定子侧组件已被具体实施为铸造部件。特别是当用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的结构将被引入到此类部件中时，这些结构必须要么被机械地加工到通过铸造所生产的坯件中，要么甚至在铸造期间通过合适的芯被引入坯件中。通过这种方式，要引入的结构在可制造性方面经受严格的限制。
自此出发，本发明基于以下目的：创造新型的涡轮增压器、用于生产涡轮增压器的组件的方法，并且创造该组件的和该方法的一种合适的用途。
发明内容
该目的通过根据权利要求1的涡轮增压器解决。根据本发明，通过生成式（generative）制造方法（优选地通过3D打印）来生产用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的相应的定子侧组件。在此处呈现的本发明的情况下，首次提出了通过生成式制造方法（优选地通过3D打印）来生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件，该定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。通过这种方式，对要生产的部件的与生产方法有关的几何限制（诸如，在铸造期间常见的几何限制）不再适用。通过使用生成式制造方法来生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件，特别地，介质通道、特定的支撑结构和/或中空空间能够被生产有特别适合于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的孔隙或蜂窝状结构。
权利要求6中限定了用于生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件的方法。权利要求8中限定了通过生成式制造方法所生产的组件的用途，并且权利要求9中限定了用于生产组件的生成式制造方法的用途。
附图说明
本发明的优选的进一步发展从从属权利要求和以下描述中获得。通过附图更详细地解释了本发明的示例性实施例，而本发明的示例性实施例不限于此。附图中示出：
图1是穿过涡轮增压器的第一定子侧组件的示意性截面；
图2是穿过涡轮增压器的第二定子侧组件的示意性截面；
图3是穿过涡轮增压器的第三定子侧组件的示意性截面；
图4是穿过涡轮增压器的第四定子侧组件的示意性截面；
图5是穿过涡轮增压器的第五定子侧组件的示意性截面；
图6是穿过涡轮增压器的第六定子侧组件的示意性截面；以及
图7是穿过涡轮增压器的另外的定子侧组件的示意性截面。
具体实施方式
涡轮增压器的基本构造对此处提及的本领域技术人员是已知的。因此，涡轮增压器包括：涡轮，其用于使第一介质膨胀；以及压缩机，其用于利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中提取的能量来压缩第二介质。要在涡轮中膨胀的第一介质是废气气体，并且要在压缩机中压缩的第二介质是内燃机的增压空气。
涡轮包括涡轮定子和涡轮转子。涡轮定子包括涡轮壳体，该涡轮壳体能够接收涡轮的其他定子侧组件。压缩机包括压缩机定子和压缩机转子。压缩机定子包括压缩机壳体，该压缩机壳体能够接收压缩机的其他定子侧组件。
涡轮转子（其也被称为涡轮叶轮）通过轴连接到压缩机转子（其也被称为压缩机叶轮），其中，该轴被安装在涡轮增压器的另外的定子侧部件中，即，被安装在轴承壳体中。轴承壳体被定位在涡轮壳体和压缩机壳体之间，并且既连接到涡轮壳体而且又连接到压缩机壳体。
为了进行热传导和/或润滑和/或密封，涡轮增压器包括定子侧组件。用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的此类定子侧组件能够为涡轮壳体和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体的整体（integral）部分，或者能够作为单独的组件由涡轮壳体或压缩机壳体或轴承壳体接收。此类定子侧组件包括例如轴承体、轴承衬套、用于密封空气传导的组件等等。
在本发明的情况下，提出了通过生成式制造方法（特别是通过3D打印）来生产用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的相应的定子侧组件。
因此，在此处呈现的本发明的情况下，提出了这样的涡轮增压器：其具有用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的至少一个定子侧组件，所述定子侧组件是涡轮增压器的涡轮壳体和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体的整体部分，或者被形成为单独的组件并由涡轮壳体和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体接收，其中，通过生成式制造方法（优选地，通过3D打印）来生产该定子侧组件。
此外，本发明提出了用于通过生成式制造方法（特别地，通过3D打印）来生产涡轮增压器的此类定子侧组件的方法，所述定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
此外，本发明提出这样的组件：该组件通过生成式制造方法（特别地，通过3D打印）被生产作为涡轮增压器的定子侧组件，该组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
最后，提出使用生成式制造方法（特别地，3D打印）来生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件的方法，该定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
图1示出了穿过根据本发明的涡轮增压器的组件10的示意性截面（当组件10是轴承体时）。该轴承体10优选地由涡轮增压器的轴承壳体接收。
图1中所示的轴承体10优选地被形成为单独的组件，由涡轮增压器的轴承壳体接收，并且在所示的示例性实施例中一方面承载径向轴承11，且另一方面承载用于安装涡轮增压器的轴的轴向轴承12。在通过生成式制造方法所生产的轴承体10中，引入了油通道13和油存储空间14，它们用于油的介质传导，该油用于润滑并且如果需要的话用于冷却未示出的轴。能够特别有利地通过3D打印来生产此类轴承体10。
图2示出了穿过涡轮增压器的另外的定子侧部件20的两个截面，其中，该部件20是其中引入了密封空气通道21的组件。密封空气通道21既沿轴向方向而且又沿圆周方向相对于彼此偏移，其中，通过定子侧组件20的密封空气通道21，能够沿轴23的轴密封件22的方向来引导密封空气。该轴23连接到涡轮叶轮24。此类部件20也能够被利用于压缩机的区域中的密封空气传导。部件20优选地被接收在轴承壳体中，或者也能够是轴承壳体25的整体部分。
图3示出了在压缩机叶轮30和与压缩机叶轮30邻接的定子侧组件31的区域中的来自涡轮增压器的截面，该定子侧组件是压缩机壳体的整体部分。在组件31中，引入了中空结构，即中空空间23，其能够用于介质传导，以便通过中空空间32传导特别是冷却介质，以用于冷却压缩机转子30。此处，有可能通过中空空间32传导空气抑或油。此处，中空空间32能够被具体实施为没有连接孔，或替代性地具有至周围环境的连接孔。
图4示出了在涡轮的区域中（即，在涡轮叶轮40和邻接的涡轮壳体41的区域中）的来自根据本发明的涡轮增压器的截面。在定子侧涡轮壳体41中，引入了中空空间42，其同样用于冷却，此处用于冷却涡轮转子40。如类似于图3的示例性实施例那样，该中空空间42能够用于介质传导，特别是传导空气或油，以便冷却涡轮转子40。此处，中空空间42同样能够被具体实施为具有连接孔或没有至周围环境的连接孔。
图5示出了穿过涡轮增压器的另外的定子侧部件50的示意性截面，其中，部件50是轴承衬套。在该轴承衬套50中，引入了介质传导通道51，特别地用于沿要被安装的轴的延伸（running）表面的方向传导油。因此，部件50用于安装和润滑并且如果需要的话用于冷却涡轮增压器的轴，但是部件50本身是定子侧组件。轴承衬套优选地被接收在涡轮增压器的轴承壳体中。
图6示出了来自根据本发明的涡轮增压器的另外的截面，即类似于图3，同样为来自与压缩机壳体61组合的压缩机叶轮60的截面。在压缩机壳体61中，同样引入了中空空间62，即具有特定孔隙63的中空空间62。通过通道64，能够向该中空空间32供应例如冷却剂，以便冷却压缩机叶轮60。
图7示出了在压缩机叶轮70和压缩机壳体71的区域中的来自根据本发明的涡轮增压器的另外的截面。压缩机壳体71同样为定子侧组件。在图7中，两个限定的结构被引入到该定子侧组件中，即用于冷却压缩机叶轮70的冷却剂通道72和具有例如蜂窝状结构74的中空空间73，以便提供隔热效果。蜂窝状结构74能够填充有气体或隔热材料。
冷却和隔热两者都用于热传导，即，使热从待冷却的部件排放以实现冷却，以及使待隔绝的部件相对于热输入屏蔽以实现隔热。
本发明提出了通过增材制造方法（优选地3D打印）来生产涡轮增压器的定子侧部件，该定子侧部件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
该部件能够被具体实施为单独的部件，抑或是涡轮增压器的压缩机壳体或涡轮壳体或轴承壳体的整体部分。
能够将诸如例如介质传导结构和/或支撑结构等等的结构引入到部件中，即没有正如在铸造期间中的情况一样的几何限制。通过这种方式，有可能经由复杂的几何结构来传导用于冷却和/或润滑和/或密封的介质，以便确保最佳的润滑和/或冷却和/或密封。
与本发明有关的组件是金属组件，其中，为了打印出此类金属组件，提供金属粉末，然后通过3D打印将金属粉末施加到彼此之上或者熔化到彼此之上成若干层以用于生产部件。
附图标记列表
10 组件/轴承体
11 径向轴承
12 轴向轴承
13 油通道
14 油存储空间
20 组件
21 密封空气通道
22 轴密封件
23 轴
24 叶轮
25 轴承壳体
30 压缩机叶轮
31 组件/压缩机壳体
32 中空空间
40 涡轮叶轮
41 组件/涡轮壳体
42 中空空间
50 组件/轴承衬套
51 油通道
60 压缩机叶轮
61 组件/压缩机壳体
62 中空空间
63 孔隙
64 通道
70 压缩机叶轮
71 组件/压缩机壳体
72 冷却通道
73 中空空间
74 蜂窝状结构

Claims (9)

1.一种涡轮增压器，所述涡轮增压器：
具有涡轮，所述涡轮用于使第一介质膨胀，
具有压缩机，所述压缩机用于利用在所述第一介质的膨胀期间在所述涡轮中提取的能量来压缩第二介质，
其中，所述涡轮的涡轮壳体（41）和所述压缩机的压缩机壳体（31、61、71）各自连接到布置在所述涡轮壳体与所述压缩机壳体之间的轴承壳体（25），
其中，所述涡轮壳体（41）和/或所述压缩机壳体（31、61、71）和/或所述轴承壳体（25）形成定子侧组件和/或接收定子侧组件（10、20、50），所述定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封，
其特征在于，
通过生成式制造方法来生产用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的所述相应的定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，通过3D打印来生产用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封的所述相应的定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述相应的定子侧组件（10、50）是具有油传导通道（13、51）的轴承体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述相应的定子侧组件（20）包括用于沿轴密封件的方向传导密封空气的密封空气通道（21）。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述相应的定子侧组件（31、41、61、71）包括用于所述涡轮的涡轮叶轮（40）和所述压缩机的压缩机叶轮（33、60、70）的热传导的中空空间。
6.一种用于生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）的方法，所述定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封，其特征在于，通过生成式制造方法来生产所述定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，通过3D打印来生产所述定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71）。
8.一种组件的用途，所述组件通过生成式制造方法、特别地通过3D打印被生产作为涡轮增压器的定子侧组件（10、20、31、41、50、61、71），所述组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
9.一种生成式制造方法、特别地3D打印的用途，所述方法用于生产涡轮增压器的定子侧组件，所述定子侧组件用于润滑和/或热传导和/或密封。
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Application publication date: 20200612