US20130129479A1 - Multi piece turpocharger housing - Google Patents
Multi piece turpocharger housing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130129479A1 US20130129479A1 US13/812,618 US201113812618A US2013129479A1 US 20130129479 A1 US20130129479 A1 US 20130129479A1 US 201113812618 A US201113812618 A US 201113812618A US 2013129479 A1 US2013129479 A1 US 2013129479A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- housing part
- turbocharger
- casing
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
- F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
- F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
- F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
- F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
- F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
- F05D2230/237—Brazing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
- F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
- F05D2230/238—Soldering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
- F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/40—Movement of components
- F05D2250/42—Movement of components with two degrees of freedom
Definitions
- the invention concerns a turbocharger housing in which an oil duct starts at a first opening of an outer side of the first housing part, extends right through the first housing part to open at a second opening into a substantially hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle of the first housing part.
- the invention further concerns a turbocharger comprising such a housing.
- Turbochargers are used for improving the performance of internal combustion engines in which the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas stream is extracted with help of a turbine and is used to press the fuel-air mixture into the internal combustion engine with help of a common shaft of the turbine and of a compressor. In this way, the fixed cubic capacity of the internal combustion engine can be filled with larger quantity of the mixture so that a higher lifting force and thus also a higher engine performance is achieved during combustion.
- turbochargers or rather the shaft of the turbocharger reaches a speed of rotation of more than 200,000 rotations per minute. In the case of utility vehicles, this value is in the order of magnitude of 150,000 rotations per minute.
- the shaft of the turbocharger is mounted in the turbocharger housing through a sliding bearing, with the consequence that a large amount of friction energy is released in the form of heat exactly inside the bearing receptacle of the turbocharger housing.
- the turbocharger housing is situated between the so-called hot housing and the cold housing. In the hot housing, the exhaust gas stream is routed to the turbine so that additional heat is transmitted through the hot exhaust gas stream to the hot housing.
- a temperature of typically 1050° C. prevails in the hot housing and in the cold housing, in contrast, where the fuel-air mixture is compressed, the prevailing temperature is approximately 20° C.
- WO 2009/013332 A3 discloses a turbocharger comprising a housing, said housing being destined to receive a sliding bearing for the shaft of the turbocharger.
- This housing substantially comprises a cast part that contains a water conduit for cooling the bearing receptacle. The larger part of the water cooling is completely surrounded by the housing both in radial and in axial direction.
- Turbocharger housings made out of cast metal do indeed manifest an excellent thermal conductivity but possess, on the other hand, a heavy weight and give rise to very high manufacturing costs precisely due to the very complex integration of the cooling water conduit which, however, is indispensable.
- It is an object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger housing of a lighter weight that is simple and economic to manufacture without prejudicing the mode of functioning of the turbocharger housing.
- the present invention procides a turbocharger housing of the pre-cited type by the fact that the turbocharger housing comprises a second housing part connected to the first housing part, and said two housing parts together form a cooling water conduit for cooling the bearing receptacle.
- an oil supply arrangement in form of an oil duct is disposed in the turbocharger housing and serves to supply oil to the bearing arranged in the hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle.
- the first housing part comprises a first opening that is arranged on an outer side of the first housing part.
- the oil duct begins at this first opening and extends right through the first housing part.
- This oil duct can be realized or configured in the first housing part, for example, through appropriate bores.
- the oil duct ends at a second opening of the first housing part and opens into the substantially hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle.
- the bearing receptacle is configured on the first housing part by a machining method, for example by boring.
- the second opening thus constitutes the opening of the oil duct into the bearing receptacle so that the sliding or rolling bearing of the turbocharger can be supplied with oil.
- the lubricant oil is pressed from outside under appropriate pressure into the bearing receptacle so that a so-called squeezable film is formed between the bearing receptacle and the sliding rings and migrates further little by little in axial direction till it finally leaves the sliding bearing.
- the turbocharger housing according to the invention also comprises a second housing part that is connected to the first housing part.
- the connection can be realized through a known joining method, for example by welding, gluing, crimping and/or soldering. Laser welding is particularly suitable because this guarantees an industrial manufacturing with a very short manufacturing time.
- the connection of the second housing part to the first housing part results in the formation of a cooling water conduit that is provided for cooling the bearing receptacle.
- a part of the outer surface of the first housing part and a further part of the outer surface of the second housing part together form the inner wall of the cooling water conduit.
- the first housing part is made out of a forged part by a machining method, for instance boring, turning and/or milling.
- the first housing part may also be made out of sheet metal in which case, care must be taken to assure a heat flow and a cooling effect.
- the second housing part can likewise be manufactured by a particularly low-cost method by configuring it as a sheet metal part, in particular as a cold-formed sheet metal part.
- connection of the second housing part to the first housing part is constituted by two connecting seams extending along the cooling water conduit.
- a connecting seam results from one of the joining methods used. In the case of welding, for instance, this would be a weld seam and, in the case of gluing, a glued seam, etc.
- the connecting seam must not only guarantee the structural stability of the turbocharger housing but also assure a tightness of the cooling water conduit that excludes a leakage of cooling water under the conditions prevailing during operation. In this sense, the connecting seams also have a sealing function.
- the second housing part is made partially or completely out of sheet metal, it is not necessary to conduct a heat flow through the connecting seam because the sheet metal, due to its small thickness, can absorb only a relatively small amount of heat. Cooling therefore takes place via the water conduit mainly through the first housing part.
- the first and the second housing part are made as cast parts so that both housing parts can accommodate and conduct larger heat streams, and this can become necessary depending on the turbocharger application.
- the first and the second housing part may also be made out of sheet metal.
- the first housing part is intended for connecting to a cold housing and/or a hot housing. From the point of view of assembly, it is appropriate to screw the cold housing, the hot housing and the turbocharger housing to one another.
- the connections between these housings may, however, be realized through other known fixing means. It is, however, important that a housing part of the turbocharger housing eventually made out of sheet metal does not participate in the transmission of the torque of the screw connection. Therefore, for example, spacing bushings for screwing the first housing part to the hot housing or the cold housing are advantageously used in this type of fixation for by-passing a sheet metal housing part.
- the spacing bushings thus substantially outline the axial width of the second housing part that has to be spanned by this fixation.
- the second housing part due to a smaller overall contact surface, must not participate at all, or only to a small extent, in a heat transmission from the hot housing to the turbocharger housing part but, rather, a further advantageous insulation is produced due to the distance and due to the spacing bushings.
- spacing bushings are particularly suitable for taking up joining and vibration forces that can be produced during assembly and operation.
- the second housing part is more stable (e.g. double walls or the like) so that the second housing part can be braced between the first housing part and the hot housing.
- a third housing is provided for forming a fixing adapter for fixing the first housing part to the cold housing.
- the first housing part it is possible to configure the first housing part such that a direct fixing on the cold housing is possible. Because, however, this third housing can optionally also be formed out of sheet metal, a further cost advantage is created due to the multi piece structure. Fixing of the third housing part on the first housing part may also be realized through screwing or laser welding or any other type of mechanical connection.
- a fixing means like, for instance, a screw is used both for screwing the first housing part to the hot housing and for fixing the third housing part to the first housing part. This simplifies the fixing of the turbocharger housing in a two piece or multi piece configuration because the same fixing means can be used in both cases.
- the turbocharger housing of the invention can be used both in rolling bearing mounted and in sliding bearing mounted turbochargers.
- the turbocharger housing can still be made out of more than two or three parts, each part being specially intended for one or more functions. What is important is that one of the housing parts constituting the cooling water conduit has an adequate mass for assuring an optimal conduction of heat to the cooling water conduit.
- FIG. 1 a sliding bearing mounted turbocharger comprising a three piece turbocharger housing, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 2 the first housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 made as a machine-finished forged part, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 3 the first housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , as viewed along the vertical axis,
- FIG. 4 the first housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 5 the second housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 6 the second housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , in a first sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 7 the second housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , in a second sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation,
- FIG. 8 the third housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation, and
- FIG. 9 the third housing part of the turbocharger housing of FIG. 1 , in a sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation.
- FIG. 1 shows a sliding bearing mounted turbocharger comprising a three piece turbocharger housing, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation R.
- the first housing part 15 of the turbocharger housing is configured as a machine-finished forged part, in longitudinal section along the axis of rotation R.
- the turbocharger housing comprises the first housing part 15 , the second housing part 7 and the third housing part 16 .
- the turbocharger housing is arranged between the cold housing 1 and the hot housing and screwed to both of these housings.
- the shaft 19 connects the turbine 10 , which is arranged in the hot housing 12 , to the compressor 17 which is fixed on the shaft 19 with help of a fixing element 18 , e.g. a nut.
- the shaft 19 is configured in one piece with turbine 10 so that, due to heat conduction, a basic danger of heat migrating out of the hot housing 12 into the cold housing 1 exists.
- the water conduit 11 comprises a sectional surface of a square or at least rectangular shape, possesses a substantially annular shape and surrounds a part of the sliding bearing in radial direction.
- the water conduit 11 is also often called cooling chamber or water pocket.
- the water conduit 11 is formed and defined partially by the first housing part 15 and partially by the second housing part 7 .
- the connecting seams 9 , 14 are made through a joining method such as, for example, laser welding and lead to a structural stability of the turbocharger housing while additionally sealing the water conduit 11 so that cooling water can exit.
- the connecting element 13 is substantially configured in the form of a tube and welded to the second housing part 7 .
- the connecting element 13 provides an advantageous connecting junction for a cooling water hose.
- the connecting element 13 can function optionally as an inlet or an outlet.
- the third housing part 16 is configured as a sheet metal part which leads to a cost advantage because a relatively favorable cold shaping replaces a machining fabrication method.
- the third housing part 16 can be configured in one piece with the first housing part 15 in so far as a multi piece configuration is not desired or if, for example, the turbocharger housing is desired to have a two piece structure.
- the third housing part 16 is pressed in radially into the cold housing 1 and additionally screwed to this.
- the sliding bearing of the turbocharger comprises sliding bearing rings 8 that are supplied with oil through oil ducts 3 , 5 .
- the spacers used are in the form of spacing rings 6 .
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show the first housing part 15 in different views.
- the first housing part 15 is a forged part comprising a lubricant duct system which is subsequently configured in the form of bores in the forged part.
- the oil duct 3 comprises a first opening 2 on an outer surface of the housing part 15 , extends radially towards the axis of rotation R and branches into an inclined oil duct 5 that extends substantially in axial direction but also slightly inclined relative to the axis of rotation to open into the bearing receptacle 20 at an opening, not referenced.
- the outer radii of the housing part 15 are made by turning which means that they are likewise made by a machine finishing.
- the direction of viewing extends along the axis of rotation to the side of the first housing part 15 facing the cold housing 1 .
- bores 24 that extend with variable bore spacing relative to one another (as projected on the horizontal axis Z and the vertical axis Y respectively).
- the bores 24 serve on the one hand to attach the third housing part and, on the other hand, to connect the first housing part to the cold housing and the hot housing.
- the variable bore spacing chosen assures that the components are screwed together with the correct relative orientation.
- a combination of the bore spacings A, B, C assures that the components are always in the correct position relative to one another.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 show the second housing part 7 in different views.
- the second housing part 7 substantially possesses the shape of a bushing whose bushing bottom comprises a depression that projects axially out of the bushing and in which a bore 23 has been made.
- the second housing part 7 comprises in the cylindrical part an opening 22 and/or an opening comprising a connecting element 21 . Through such openings, it is assured that the cooling water can flow into the water conduit 11 that is formed partially by the second housing part 7 .
- the edges of the bore 23 as also the edges of the opposing (largest) circular opening of the second housing part 7 participate in so far in the welding joint with the first housing part 15 that a part of the material, in addition to the material specially brought in by the joining step, likewise contributes to forming the weld seam. It can be seen that the connecting seams are two closed, i.e. annular joints.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the third housing part 16 of the turbocharger housing comprising four bores 25 that are arranged identically to the bores 24 of the second housing part.
- the third housing part 16 on the first housing part in the same work step.
- four screws must first be inserted through bores, not shown, of the cold housing 1 , after this, through the bores 25 , following this, through the bores 24 and then through spacing bushings, not shown, to be finally screwed into the hot housing 12 . In this way, four screws are sufficient for assembling the entire turbocharger.
- the third housing part 16 comprises, radially inside, a cylindrical axial extension 26 that serves for the axial spacing of the cold housing 1 .
- the outer periphery of the third housing part 16 that is configured as a fixing adapter is chosen such that the third housing part 16 can be pressed into the cold housing 1 . This simplifies assembly during which the third housing part 16 fulfills a retaining function as long as the screwed connection has not been made.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention concerns a turbocharger housing in which an oil duct starts at a first opening of an outer side of the first housing part, extends right through the first housing part to open at a second opening into a substantially hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle of the first housing part. The invention further concerns a turbocharger comprising such a housing.
- Turbochargers are used for improving the performance of internal combustion engines in which the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas stream is extracted with help of a turbine and is used to press the fuel-air mixture into the internal combustion engine with help of a common shaft of the turbine and of a compressor. In this way, the fixed cubic capacity of the internal combustion engine can be filled with larger quantity of the mixture so that a higher lifting force and thus also a higher engine performance is achieved during combustion.
- In passenger vehicles, turbochargers or rather the shaft of the turbocharger reaches a speed of rotation of more than 200,000 rotations per minute. In the case of utility vehicles, this value is in the order of magnitude of 150,000 rotations per minute. As a rule, the shaft of the turbocharger is mounted in the turbocharger housing through a sliding bearing, with the consequence that a large amount of friction energy is released in the form of heat exactly inside the bearing receptacle of the turbocharger housing. Moreover, the turbocharger housing is situated between the so-called hot housing and the cold housing. In the hot housing, the exhaust gas stream is routed to the turbine so that additional heat is transmitted through the hot exhaust gas stream to the hot housing. During operation, a temperature of typically 1050° C. prevails in the hot housing and in the cold housing, in contrast, where the fuel-air mixture is compressed, the prevailing temperature is approximately 20° C.
- For these reasons, it is necessary to cool the turbocharger housing with help of a water cooling, sustainably and in particular in the vicinity of the bearing receptacle. On the one hand, it must be prevented that heat finds its way out of the exhaust gas stream via the turbocharger housing into the cold housing, which can typically also take place via the shaft. On the other hand, it is also necessary to discharge the friction heat that is produced in the sliding bearing. An eventual failure of the cooling of the turbocharger housing creates a risk of damage to the sliding bearing and a premature ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the cold housing.
- WO 2009/013332 A3 discloses a turbocharger comprising a housing, said housing being destined to receive a sliding bearing for the shaft of the turbocharger. This housing substantially comprises a cast part that contains a water conduit for cooling the bearing receptacle. The larger part of the water cooling is completely surrounded by the housing both in radial and in axial direction.
- Turbocharger housings made out of cast metal do indeed manifest an excellent thermal conductivity but possess, on the other hand, a heavy weight and give rise to very high manufacturing costs precisely due to the very complex integration of the cooling water conduit which, however, is indispensable.
- It is an object of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger housing of a lighter weight that is simple and economic to manufacture without prejudicing the mode of functioning of the turbocharger housing.
- The present invention procides a turbocharger housing of the pre-cited type by the fact that the turbocharger housing comprises a second housing part connected to the first housing part, and said two housing parts together form a cooling water conduit for cooling the bearing receptacle.
- According to the invention, an oil supply arrangement in form of an oil duct is disposed in the turbocharger housing and serves to supply oil to the bearing arranged in the hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle. For this purpose, the first housing part comprises a first opening that is arranged on an outer side of the first housing part. The oil duct begins at this first opening and extends right through the first housing part. This oil duct can be realized or configured in the first housing part, for example, through appropriate bores. The oil duct ends at a second opening of the first housing part and opens into the substantially hollow cylindrical bearing receptacle. The bearing receptacle, too, is configured on the first housing part by a machining method, for example by boring. If necessary, diverse grooves or annular configurations are provided on the hollow cylindrical inner surface of the bearing receptacle so that, if need be, the bearing receptacle deviates from the substantially hollow cylindrical shape. The second opening thus constitutes the opening of the oil duct into the bearing receptacle so that the sliding or rolling bearing of the turbocharger can be supplied with oil.
- In the case of sliding bearing mounted turbochargers, for instance, the lubricant oil is pressed from outside under appropriate pressure into the bearing receptacle so that a so-called squeezable film is formed between the bearing receptacle and the sliding rings and migrates further little by little in axial direction till it finally leaves the sliding bearing.
- In addition to the first housing part, the turbocharger housing according to the invention also comprises a second housing part that is connected to the first housing part. The connection can be realized through a known joining method, for example by welding, gluing, crimping and/or soldering. Laser welding is particularly suitable because this guarantees an industrial manufacturing with a very short manufacturing time. The connection of the second housing part to the first housing part results in the formation of a cooling water conduit that is provided for cooling the bearing receptacle. In other words, a part of the outer surface of the first housing part and a further part of the outer surface of the second housing part together form the inner wall of the cooling water conduit. This has the advantage that the cooling water conduit does not have to be manufactured by a complex and expensive casting method but both the housing parts made according to the invention can be manufactured by usual machining methods or by shaping technics and can be connected to each other after this finishing step.
- Advantageously, the first housing part is made out of a forged part by a machining method, for instance boring, turning and/or milling. Alternatively, the first housing part may also be made out of sheet metal in which case, care must be taken to assure a heat flow and a cooling effect. The second housing part can likewise be manufactured by a particularly low-cost method by configuring it as a sheet metal part, in particular as a cold-formed sheet metal part. By reason of the possibility of using machining methods, it also becomes possible, in contrast to the cooling chamber in the interior of conventional cast parts, to clearly enlarge the cross-section of the cooling water conduit with very close manufacturing tolerances so that it is advantageously possible through the invention to achieve a cooling water through-put of up to four times the through-put hitherto possible, while keeping the outer dimensions unchanged.
- In one advantageous form of embodiment of the invention, the connection of the second housing part to the first housing part is constituted by two connecting seams extending along the cooling water conduit. A connecting seam results from one of the joining methods used. In the case of welding, for instance, this would be a weld seam and, in the case of gluing, a glued seam, etc. An advantage of these methods over casting in sand is that the hollow spaces of the cooling water conduit do not have to be subsequently freed from residual sand under high water pressure. In addition, bores for removing the sand core are not required in the first place.
- The connecting seam must not only guarantee the structural stability of the turbocharger housing but also assure a tightness of the cooling water conduit that excludes a leakage of cooling water under the conditions prevailing during operation. In this sense, the connecting seams also have a sealing function.
- If the second housing part is made partially or completely out of sheet metal, it is not necessary to conduct a heat flow through the connecting seam because the sheet metal, due to its small thickness, can absorb only a relatively small amount of heat. Cooling therefore takes place via the water conduit mainly through the first housing part. Alternatively, the first and the second housing part are made as cast parts so that both housing parts can accommodate and conduct larger heat streams, and this can become necessary depending on the turbocharger application. Alternatively, for example, if temperature load is low, the first and the second housing part may also be made out of sheet metal.
- Advantageously, the first housing part is intended for connecting to a cold housing and/or a hot housing. From the point of view of assembly, it is appropriate to screw the cold housing, the hot housing and the turbocharger housing to one another. The connections between these housings may, however, be realized through other known fixing means. It is, however, important that a housing part of the turbocharger housing eventually made out of sheet metal does not participate in the transmission of the torque of the screw connection. Therefore, for example, spacing bushings for screwing the first housing part to the hot housing or the cold housing are advantageously used in this type of fixation for by-passing a sheet metal housing part. The spacing bushings thus substantially outline the axial width of the second housing part that has to be spanned by this fixation. The advantage of this is that the second housing part, due to a smaller overall contact surface, must not participate at all, or only to a small extent, in a heat transmission from the hot housing to the turbocharger housing part but, rather, a further advantageous insulation is produced due to the distance and due to the spacing bushings. Moreover, spacing bushings are particularly suitable for taking up joining and vibration forces that can be produced during assembly and operation.
- Depending on the case of use, it is possible instead of using spacing bushings to make the second housing part more stable (e.g. double walls or the like) so that the second housing part can be braced between the first housing part and the hot housing.
- In a further advantageous form of embodiment, a third housing is provided for forming a fixing adapter for fixing the first housing part to the cold housing. Basically, it is possible to configure the first housing part such that a direct fixing on the cold housing is possible. Because, however, this third housing can optionally also be formed out of sheet metal, a further cost advantage is created due to the multi piece structure. Fixing of the third housing part on the first housing part may also be realized through screwing or laser welding or any other type of mechanical connection.
- In a further advantageous form of embodiment, a fixing means like, for instance, a screw is used both for screwing the first housing part to the hot housing and for fixing the third housing part to the first housing part. This simplifies the fixing of the turbocharger housing in a two piece or multi piece configuration because the same fixing means can be used in both cases.
- The turbocharger housing of the invention can be used both in rolling bearing mounted and in sliding bearing mounted turbochargers. The turbocharger housing can still be made out of more than two or three parts, each part being specially intended for one or more functions. What is important is that one of the housing parts constituting the cooling water conduit has an adequate mass for assuring an optimal conduction of heat to the cooling water conduit.
- Further advantages and preferred developments of the invention can be seen in the description of the figures and/or the dependent claims.
- The invention will now be described and explained more closely in the following with reference to the forms of embodiment illustrated in the appended drawings. The figures show:
-
FIG. 1 , a sliding bearing mounted turbocharger comprising a three piece turbocharger housing, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 2 , the first housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 made as a machine-finished forged part, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 3 , the first housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , as viewed along the vertical axis, -
FIG. 4 , the first housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 5 , the second housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 6 , the second housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , in a first sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 7 , the second housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , in a second sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation, -
FIG. 8 , the third housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , as viewed along the axis of rotation, and -
FIG. 9 , the third housing part of the turbocharger housing ofFIG. 1 , in a sectional illustration vertical to the axis of rotation. -
FIG. 1 shows a sliding bearing mounted turbocharger comprising a three piece turbocharger housing, in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation R. Thefirst housing part 15 of the turbocharger housing is configured as a machine-finished forged part, in longitudinal section along the axis of rotation R. - The turbocharger housing comprises the
first housing part 15, thesecond housing part 7 and thethird housing part 16. The turbocharger housing is arranged between thecold housing 1 and the hot housing and screwed to both of these housings. - The
shaft 19 connects the turbine 10, which is arranged in thehot housing 12, to thecompressor 17 which is fixed on theshaft 19 with help of a fixingelement 18, e.g. a nut. Theshaft 19 is configured in one piece with turbine 10 so that, due to heat conduction, a basic danger of heat migrating out of thehot housing 12 into thecold housing 1 exists. - The
water conduit 11 comprises a sectional surface of a square or at least rectangular shape, possesses a substantially annular shape and surrounds a part of the sliding bearing in radial direction. Thewater conduit 11 is also often called cooling chamber or water pocket. Thewater conduit 11 is formed and defined partially by thefirst housing part 15 and partially by thesecond housing part 7. The connectingseams 9, 14 are made through a joining method such as, for example, laser welding and lead to a structural stability of the turbocharger housing while additionally sealing thewater conduit 11 so that cooling water can exit. - The connecting
element 13 is substantially configured in the form of a tube and welded to thesecond housing part 7. The connectingelement 13 provides an advantageous connecting junction for a cooling water hose. The connectingelement 13 can function optionally as an inlet or an outlet. - The
third housing part 16 is configured as a sheet metal part which leads to a cost advantage because a relatively favorable cold shaping replaces a machining fabrication method. Alternatively, thethird housing part 16 can be configured in one piece with thefirst housing part 15 in so far as a multi piece configuration is not desired or if, for example, the turbocharger housing is desired to have a two piece structure. - The
third housing part 16 is pressed in radially into thecold housing 1 and additionally screwed to this. - The sliding bearing of the turbocharger comprises sliding bearing rings 8 that are supplied with oil through
oil ducts -
FIGS. 2 to 4 show thefirst housing part 15 in different views. Thefirst housing part 15 is a forged part comprising a lubricant duct system which is subsequently configured in the form of bores in the forged part. Theoil duct 3 comprises afirst opening 2 on an outer surface of thehousing part 15, extends radially towards the axis of rotation R and branches into aninclined oil duct 5 that extends substantially in axial direction but also slightly inclined relative to the axis of rotation to open into the bearingreceptacle 20 at an opening, not referenced. - The outer radii of the
housing part 15 are made by turning which means that they are likewise made by a machine finishing. An advantage of this is that the thus obtained cylindrical and disk-like surface can be finished with a very high precision and, together with the second housing part, not shown, can form a water conduit that can thus also be realized with a very high precision. - In
FIG. 4 , the direction of viewing extends along the axis of rotation to the side of thefirst housing part 15 facing thecold housing 1. To be seen arebores 24 that extend with variable bore spacing relative to one another (as projected on the horizontal axis Z and the vertical axis Y respectively). Thebores 24 serve on the one hand to attach the third housing part and, on the other hand, to connect the first housing part to the cold housing and the hot housing. The variable bore spacing chosen assures that the components are screwed together with the correct relative orientation. A combination of the bore spacings A, B, C assures that the components are always in the correct position relative to one another. -
FIGS. 5 to 7 show thesecond housing part 7 in different views. Thesecond housing part 7 substantially possesses the shape of a bushing whose bushing bottom comprises a depression that projects axially out of the bushing and in which abore 23 has been made. - Further, the
second housing part 7 comprises in the cylindrical part an opening 22 and/or an opening comprising a connectingelement 21. Through such openings, it is assured that the cooling water can flow into thewater conduit 11 that is formed partially by thesecond housing part 7. - The edges of the
bore 23 as also the edges of the opposing (largest) circular opening of thesecond housing part 7 participate in so far in the welding joint with thefirst housing part 15 that a part of the material, in addition to the material specially brought in by the joining step, likewise contributes to forming the weld seam. It can be seen that the connecting seams are two closed, i.e. annular joints. -
FIGS. 8 and 9 show thethird housing part 16 of the turbocharger housing comprising fourbores 25 that are arranged identically to thebores 24 of the second housing part. During the screwing of thefirst housing part 15 to thehot housing 12, it is thus possible to fix thethird housing part 16 on the first housing part in the same work step. For this purpose, four screws must first be inserted through bores, not shown, of thecold housing 1, after this, through thebores 25, following this, through thebores 24 and then through spacing bushings, not shown, to be finally screwed into thehot housing 12. In this way, four screws are sufficient for assembling the entire turbocharger. - The
third housing part 16 comprises, radially inside, a cylindricalaxial extension 26 that serves for the axial spacing of thecold housing 1. The outer periphery of thethird housing part 16 that is configured as a fixing adapter is chosen such that thethird housing part 16 can be pressed into thecold housing 1. This simplifies assembly during which thethird housing part 16 fulfills a retaining function as long as the screwed connection has not been made. - 1 Cold housing
- 2 First opening
- 3 Oil duct
- 4 Second opening
- 5 Inclined oil duct
- 6 Spacing ring
- 7 Second housing part
- 8 Sliding bearing
- 9 Connecting seam
- 10 Turbine
- 11 Cooling water conduit
- 12 Hot housing
- 13 Connecting element
- 14 Connecting seam
- 15 First housing part
- 16 Third housing part
- 17 Compressor
- 18 Fixing element
- 19 Shaft
- 20 Bearing receptacle
- 21 Connecting element
- 22 Opening
- 23 Bore
- 24 Bore
- 25 Bore
- 26 Axial extension
- A Bore spacing
- B Bore spacing
- C Bore spacing
- R Axis of rotation
- Y Vertical axis
- Z Horizontal axis
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010033665.3 | 2010-08-06 | ||
DE102010033665A DE102010033665A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2010-08-06 | Multi-part turbocharger housing |
PCT/EP2011/058348 WO2012016725A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-05-23 | Multi-piece turbocharger casing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130129479A1 true US20130129479A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
Family
ID=44119197
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/812,618 Abandoned US20130129479A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2011-05-23 | Multi piece turpocharger housing |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130129479A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2601388A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103069113B (en) |
DE (2) | DE202010017187U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012016725A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150176446A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Turbocharger lubricant coolant |
US10677096B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-06-09 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Turbocharger |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104481698B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-06 | 常州环能涡轮动力股份有限公司 | Small-power turbocharger peculiar to vessel |
CN110593968B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-05-13 | 侯志刚 | External cooling device of steam turbine and method for installing cooling pipe in cooling device |
CN116066189B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-30 | 宁波威孚天力增压技术股份有限公司 | VNT booster |
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US2918207A (en) * | 1957-12-16 | 1959-12-22 | Gen Motors Corp | Turbocharger |
US4907952A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1990-03-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Turbocharger |
US20090220335A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Atsushi Matsuo | Turbine and turbocharger having the same |
US20100247342A1 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2010-09-30 | Ihi Corporation | Motor-driven supercharger |
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GB730870A (en) * | 1951-05-05 | 1955-06-01 | Walter Eberspacher | Turbine-driven compressor |
US4704075A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1987-11-03 | Johnston Andrew E | Turbocharger water-cooled bearing housing |
CA2397445C (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2008-03-18 | Alliedsignal Turbo S.A. | Turbocharger with sliding blades having combined dynamic surfaces and heat screen and uncoupled axial actuating device |
JP4151610B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-09-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Motor-assisted turbocharger with cooling device |
JP4539487B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2010-09-08 | 株式会社Ihi | Supercharger with electric motor |
JP4692820B2 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2011-06-01 | 株式会社Ihi | Supercharger with electric motor |
EP1811150B1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2011-02-23 | IHI Corporation | Motor-Driven supercharge |
JP4811317B2 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2011-11-09 | 株式会社Ihi | Turbocharger |
DE102007034493B3 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2009-02-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Turbocharger with a turbocharger housing which has a screw connection by means of tie rods |
-
2010
- 2010-08-06 DE DE202010017187U patent/DE202010017187U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2010-08-06 DE DE102010033665A patent/DE102010033665A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-05-23 WO PCT/EP2011/058348 patent/WO2012016725A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-23 US US13/812,618 patent/US20130129479A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-23 EP EP11721766.1A patent/EP2601388A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-23 CN CN201180038940.4A patent/CN103069113B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2918207A (en) * | 1957-12-16 | 1959-12-22 | Gen Motors Corp | Turbocharger |
US4907952A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1990-03-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Turbocharger |
US20100247342A1 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2010-09-30 | Ihi Corporation | Motor-driven supercharger |
US20090220335A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Atsushi Matsuo | Turbine and turbocharger having the same |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150176446A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Turbocharger lubricant coolant |
US9677437B2 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Turbocharger lubricant coolant |
US10677096B2 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-06-09 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Turbocharger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202010017187U1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2012016725A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN103069113A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2601388A1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
DE102010033665A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN103069113B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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