CN111267264A - 一种环保型阻燃绝缘pvc电缆料的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种环保型阻燃绝缘pvc电缆料的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111267264A
CN111267264A CN202010249440.6A CN202010249440A CN111267264A CN 111267264 A CN111267264 A CN 111267264A CN 202010249440 A CN202010249440 A CN 202010249440A CN 111267264 A CN111267264 A CN 111267264A
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pvc cable
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椤炬旦
顾浩
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Suzhou Lianying Plastic Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，包括备料阶段、捏合阶段、挤出阶段、造粒阶段和包装阶段；所述备料阶段包括筛料、称料、研磨和预热；所述捏合阶段包括高速搅拌和低速搅拌冷却；所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出；所述造粒阶段包括热切、风冷和筛选；所述包装阶段包括计量和打包；其中，所述挤出阶段在低速单螺杆挤出出料端设有电子加速器。通过在原料中添加具有阻燃效果的增塑剂和抑烟剂，减少火灾时候有毒气体和烟尘的产生，从而起到了环保作用；并通过改变PVC电缆料的塑性，提高了其抗老化抗龟裂的性能，从而提高了其绝缘效果。

Description

一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料与电线电缆料领域，具体是一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺。
背景技术
PVC电缆料由于其价格低廉，性能优良，在电线电缆绝缘保护材料中长期占有重要地位。但是目前使用的PVC电缆料存在以下几个问题，1）PVC电缆燃烧时候会产生HCL气体，人体吸入后对身体造成伤害；2）PVC电缆燃烧时候会因为一些气体燃烧不完全而产生大量的烟雾，让人窒息，影响能见度，严重影响着人民的生命和财产安全；3）在混料时候，由于加入的增塑剂等原料颗粒过粗，导致生产的PVC电缆绝缘性不好，影响正常使用；4）耐热性和适应环境的性能不强，导致容易老化开裂，从而破坏PVC电缆绝缘性。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，解决了PVC电缆料的制备时候存在的问题。
技术方案：本发明提供了一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，包括备料阶段、捏合阶段、挤出阶段、造粒阶段和包装阶段；所述备料阶段包括筛料、称料、研磨和预热；所述捏合阶段包括高速搅拌和低速搅拌冷却；所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出；所述造粒阶段包括热切、风冷和筛选；所述包装阶段包括计量和打包；其中，所述挤出阶段在低速单螺杆挤出出料端设有电子加速器。电子加速器产生电子射线，使得挤出来的PVC电缆料中的碳原子激发活性而发生交联作用，在一定条件下能从线性分子结构转变为体型三维结构，使得热塑性塑料转变为不溶的热固性塑料，从而提高了耐热性变形，改善了高温下的力学性能，改进了耐环境应力龟裂和耐热老化的性能，同时提高了短路承受能力。
进一步的，所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出对应的设备呈垂直正交设置。双螺杆强制输送、高效塑化混炼与剪切分散，无机头背压回流，避免了高剪切过热，且双螺杆挤出机可以根据物料的加工性能来自由组合形成螺纹块，并且还配有捏合块；单螺杆高压挤出，但低速低剪切，避免过热现象。两者垂直正交布置，构成双阶式复合机组，将同向双螺杆与单螺杆优势结合互补。
进一步的，所述高速双螺杆混炼温度150~185℃，转速为30～60r/min；所述低速单螺杆挤出温度为130~165℃，转速为15～30r/min。对于造粒时料筒各个区域的成型温度是不相同的，从而可以保证电缆料能充分地塑化。
进一步的，所述备料阶段在进行筛料时候，稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂分别用80目筛网过筛，树脂用60目筛网过筛。可以防止粉料的粒径差别太大而对增塑剂的吸收不同，并且可以除去增塑剂中的杂质，从而提高了PVC电缆料的绝缘性。
进一步的，所述备料阶段在进行研磨时候，筛选后的稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂需要分别加入增塑剂浸透后再进行研磨。加入了增塑剂之后再进行研磨，促进了对增塑剂的吸收，可以降低某些辅料的细度，促进它们的分散，还可以改善制品的表面性能。
进一步的，所述备料阶段的预热温度为80℃。
进一步的，所述捏合阶段中高速搅拌时候的原料加入顺序为树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂、改性剂、润滑剂。将树脂先投入，然后加入增塑剂搅拌，等树脂将增塑剂基本吸收后，加入稳定剂，靠搅拌摩擦使料温升到90℃左右，再依次加入填充剂、着色剂等，料温升到110℃，将物料卸到冷却机中进行低速搅拌冷却降温，在40~50℃时候出料。
进一步的，一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料，按照重量份数，由以下组分制备而成：
PVC：100份
钙锌稳定剂：5份
三芳基磷酸酯：20份
二芳基磷酸酯：14份
氯化石蜡：12份
陶土：6份
硬脂酸：0.4份
石蜡：0.3份
PE蜡：0.4份
三氯化二锑：10份
碳化钙：30份
三氧化钼：3份
改性剂：1.5份
着色剂：1份
用三芳基磷酸酯和烷基二芳基磷酸酯作为增塑剂，在燃烧时热分解生成不易挥发的多磷酸，可以在固体表面形成一层保护膜，隔断与氧气的接触。而氯化石蜡作为协效增塑剂，阻燃效果更佳。三氧化钼具有明显的抑烟作用。
上述技术方案可以看出，本发明具有如下有益效果：1）PVC电缆料收到高能射线的作用，在一定条件下能从线性分子结构转变为体型三维结构，使得热塑性塑料转变为不溶的热固性塑料，改进了耐环境应力龟裂和耐热老化的性能，提高了短路承受能力，从而提高了绝缘性；2）对原料进行筛网筛选，并加入增塑剂后进行研磨，提高了对增塑剂的吸收能力，使得混料时候混合更加充分，从而提高了产品性能；3）用阻燃的增塑剂替代掉常规的增塑剂，并加入抑烟剂，从而起到有效的阻燃抑烟效果，保护了人们的身体健康和财产安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
实施例一
如图1所示为本发明的工艺流程图，包括备料阶段、捏合阶段、挤出阶段、造粒阶段和包装阶段；所述备料阶段包括筛料、称料、研磨和预热；所述捏合阶段包括高速搅拌和低速搅拌冷却；所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出；所述造粒阶段包括热切、风冷和筛选；所述包装阶段包括计量和打包；其中，所述挤出阶段在低速单螺杆挤出出料端设有电子加速器。
所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出对应的设备呈垂直正交设置。
所述高速双螺杆混炼温度150~185℃，转速为30～60r/min；所述低速单螺杆挤出温度为130~165℃，转速为15～30r/min。
所述备料阶段在进行筛料时候，稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂分别用80目筛网过筛，树脂用60目筛网过筛。
所述备料阶段在进行研磨时候，筛选后的稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂需要分别加入增塑剂浸透后再进行研磨。浆料的细度要控制在40μm以下，并且我们要以增塑剂为溶剂相，固体相与液体相的比值保持在1：3。
所述备料阶段的预热温度为80℃。
所述捏合阶段中高速搅拌时候的原料加入顺序为树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂。将树脂先投入，然后加入增塑剂搅拌，等树脂将增塑剂基本吸收后，加入稳定剂，靠搅拌摩擦使料温升到90℃左右，再依次加入填充剂、着色剂等，料温升到110℃，将物料卸到冷却机中进行低速搅拌冷却降温，在40~50℃时候出料。
一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料，按照重量份数，由以下组分制备而成：
PVC：100份
钙锌稳定剂：5份
三芳基磷酸酯：20份
二芳基磷酸酯：14份
氯化石蜡：12份
陶土：6份
硬脂酸：0.4份
石蜡：0.3份
PE蜡：0.4份
三氯化二锑：10份
碳化钙：30份
改性剂：1.5份
着色剂：1份
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：包括备料阶段、捏合阶段、挤出阶段、造粒阶段和包装阶段；所述备料阶段包括筛料、称料、研磨和预热；所述捏合阶段包括高速搅拌和低速搅拌冷却；所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出；所述造粒阶段包括热切、风冷和筛选；所述包装阶段包括计量和打包；其中，所述挤出阶段在低速单螺杆挤出出料端设有电子加速器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述挤出阶段包括高速双螺杆混炼和低速单螺杆挤出对应的设备呈垂直正交设置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述高速双螺杆混炼温度150~185℃，转速为30～60r/min；所述低速单螺杆挤出温度为130~165℃，转速为15～30r/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述备料阶段在进行筛料时候，稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂分别用80目筛网过筛，树脂用60目筛网过筛。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述备料阶段在进行研磨时候，筛选后的稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂需要分别加入增塑剂浸透后再进行研磨。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述备料阶段的预热温度为80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述捏合阶段中高速搅拌时候的原料加入顺序为树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂、改性剂、润滑剂。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的环保型阻燃绝缘PVC电缆料，其特征在于：按照重量份数，由以下组分制备而成：
PVC：100份
钙锌稳定剂：5份
三芳基磷酸酯：20份
二芳基磷酸酯：14份
氯化石蜡：12份
陶土：6份
硬脂酸：0.4份
石蜡：0.3份
PE蜡：0.4份
三氯化二锑：10份
碳化钙：30份
改性剂：1.5份
着色剂：1份。
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