CN111266933A - Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape - Google Patents
Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111266933A CN111266933A CN202010112309.5A CN202010112309A CN111266933A CN 111266933 A CN111266933 A CN 111266933A CN 202010112309 A CN202010112309 A CN 202010112309A CN 111266933 A CN111266933 A CN 111266933A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fairing
- workpiece
- grinding
- concave
- axis system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and relates to an ultraprecise machining method and device for a thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape. The machining device is a multi-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and comprises an XYZ motion platform, an AB rotating shaft, a grinding head spindle system, a numerical control system, a cooling system, a polishing solution system, an online detection system, a machine tool base body, a machine tool clamping system, a special clamp and a grinding head. The processing method comprises the following steps: fixing a formed fairing blank by using a special fixture, sequentially performing rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing, performing profile detection on a polished surface through an online detection device, transmitting a detection data point position to a numerical control system, and automatically repairing and polishing the point position which does not meet the machining precision requirement until the requirement is met through calculation of the numerical control system; the ultra-precision machining of the inner surface and the outer surface of the workpiece is completed by adopting the machining steps. The invention can finish the integration of rough, fine, polishing and detection by one-time clamping, and has high efficiency and good precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and relates to an ultraprecise machining method and device for a thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape.
Background
The high-performance parts of the fairing made of materials such as sapphire, Allon and the like have excellent physical and chemical properties such as high strength, high thermal conductivity, high optical passing rate and the like, and are applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, military industry, national defense and the like. The high-performance fairing is complex in shape, comprises a spherical surface, an aspheric surface and the like, requires nanoscale form and position precision, surface roughness and an ultralow damage surface, and provides a serious challenge for the field of ultra-precision machining. When the depth-diameter ratio of the thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with the complex shape is more than 1, the fairing is broken by slight vibration of a cutter by adopting precise and ultra-precise grinding and polishing of mechanical stress removal, so that the machining is difficult. The Mohs hardness of the special-shaped sapphire fairing is 9, the special-shaped sapphire fairing is made of an ultra-hard material, and the special-shaped sapphire fairing is extremely fragile.
At present, high-end numerical control machines at home and abroad mainly adopt a 'ball fishing method' to process a fairing blank, and adopt other high-end equipment to carry out rough machining and fine machining respectively, wherein the machining mode comprises the following steps: the process is dispersed, and the problems of edge breakage, large surface damage layer, low yield, low processing efficiency, high processing cost and the like are easily caused by simple mechanical removal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a process method integrating one-step clamping, coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and detection and a corresponding processing device, which can improve the processing efficiency, shorten the processing period, reduce the processing cost and simultaneously realize ultra-precise processing of ultra-low damage and high profile precision of the thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a ultra-precision machining device for a thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape is a multi-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and comprises a motion platform, a rotating system, a grinding head spindle system 4, a numerical control system 3, a cooling system 7, a polishing solution system 16, an online detection system 2, a machine tool base body 1, a machine tool clamping system 9, a special fixture and a grinding head 15; the motion platform comprises an X-axis system 11, a Y-axis system 5 and a Z-axis system 6; the rotating system comprises an A-axis system 17 and a B-axis system 10;
the Y-axis system 5 and the Z-axis system 6 are crossed linear motion platform modules and are arranged on the side wall of the machine tool base body 1, the Y-axis system 5 is defined as the axial direction of a machined fairing workpiece 12, the fairing workpiece 12 is horizontally clamped, and the Z-axis system 6 is defined as the vertical up-down moving direction;
the X-axis system 11 is determined according to the right-hand coordinate system principle and is vertical to the Y-axis system 5 in the horizontal plane, and the X-axis system 11 is installed on a horizontal table of the machine tool base body 1 and used for moving the machine tool clamping system 9;
the A-axis system 17 is a shaft rotating around the X-axis system 11 and is connected to the tail end of the shell of the Z-axis system 6;
the base body of the grinding head spindle system 4 is vertically connected with the base body of the A-axis system 17, and the grinding head 15 can be driven to rotate, so that the grinding head 15 has cutting force to remove the surface allowance of the fairing workpiece 12;
the B-axis system 10 is a shaft rotating around the Y-axis system 5 and is connected with the machine tool clamping system 9 to drive the fairing workpiece 12 to rotate;
the machine tool clamping system 9 can be composed of a three-jaw chuck, is horizontally arranged on the X-axis system 11, is positioned in the vertical direction and is used for positioning a clamp body of a special clamp, namely an inner concave clamp body 8 or an outer convex clamp body 18, and a fairing workpiece 12 is fixed on the special clamp to indirectly position and clamp the fairing workpiece 12;
the grinding head 15 is arranged on the grinding head main shaft system 4, the grinding edge part 15-1 is hemispherical and is made of diamond;
the on-line detection system 2 has the functions of automatic scanning and data transmission, and can be a module integrated in a machine tool device or an independent set of detection system;
the cooling system 7 and the polishing solution system 16 are installed on the base body of the A-axis system 17, and spray cooling solution and polishing solution to the surface to be processed respectively.
The special clamp comprises a concave clamp body 8, a convex clamp body 18 and a clamping ring 13;
one end of the concave clamp body 8 is provided with a concave cavity 8-1, the size and shape of the concave cavity 8-1 are consistent with those of a convex surface 12-2 of a fairing workpiece 12, the end surface is provided with at least 4 threaded holes 8-2, and the other end is provided with a cylindrical boss 8-3 of the concave clamp body for positioning connection with a machine tool clamping system 9;
the clamping ring 13 is annular, the size of the inner diameter is between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece 12, a through hole corresponding to a threaded hole 8-2 in the concave fixture body 8 is formed in the clamping ring 13, the fairing workpiece 12 is arranged between the clamping ring 13 and the concave fixture body 8, and the clamping ring 13 and the concave fixture body 8 are fixedly connected through the through hole by a bolt 14, so that the fairing workpiece 12 is positioned and clamped;
one end of the convex clamp body 18 is provided with a boss cavity 18-1 which has the same size and shape with the concave surface 12-1 of the fairing workpiece 12, the other end of the convex clamp body is provided with a convex clamp body cylindrical boss 18-3 which is used for being connected with a machine tool clamping system 9 in a positioning way, a shaft shoulder 18-2 is arranged between the boss cavity 18-1 and the convex clamp body cylindrical boss 18-3, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder 18-2 is between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece 12.
Further, by adopting the processing device and the clamp, the ultraprecise processing method of the thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with the complex shape firstly processes the concave surface 12-1 of the fairing workpiece 12 and then processes the convex surface 12-2, and comprises the following specific steps:
(one) concave surface 12-1 processing step:
step one, clamping and fixing a fairing workpiece 12: the convex surface 12-2 is closely matched with the concave cavity 8-1 of the concave clamp body 8, and the end surface 12-3 of the fairing workpiece 12 is clamped and fixed on the concave clamp body 8 through a clamping ring 13 and a bolt 14;
step two, the concave clamp body 8 is fixedly arranged on the machine tool: the cylindrical boss 8-3 of the inner concave clamp body is clamped through a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamping system 9, so that the positioning and clamping of the inner concave clamp body 8 are completed;
thirdly, tool setting, namely, enabling a grinding edge part 15-1 of a grinding head 15 to be in contact with a concave surface 12-1 through the movement of an X-axis system 11, a Y-axis system 5 and a Z-axis system 6 and the rotation of an A-axis system 17, and enabling an included angle β between the axis of the grinding head 15 and the rotation central line of the fairing workpiece 12 to be between 30 and 60 degrees;
step four, coarse grinding: a diamond grinding head 15 with the granularity of 60# to 120# is adopted, a grinding head main shaft system 4 drives the grinding head 15 to rotate for cutting, the grinding head 15 moves along a bus locus of a fairing workpiece 12 in a YZ direction under the control of a numerical control system 3, and a B shaft system 10 is controlled to rotate at the same time, so that the concave surface 12-1 is machined; the cooling system 7 is simultaneously started to spray cooling liquid in the grinding process, and the grinding is closed after finishing grinding;
step five, fine grinding: changing the grinding head 15 into a diamond grinding head with the granularity of 200# -W1, and continuing to precisely grind the concave surface 12-1 of the workpiece, wherein the grinding motion process is the same as the rough grinding process; spraying cooling liquid during the grinding process, and closing after the grinding is finished;
step six, chemically mechanical polishing: attaching the grinding edge part 15-1 to a polishing pad 20 with a groove, driving the grinding head 15 to rotate and polish by the grinding head main shaft system 4, wherein the polishing motion process is the same as that of rough grinding; starting the polishing solution system 16 to spray polishing solution in the polishing process, and closing the polishing solution system 16 after polishing;
step seven, online detection: uniformly collecting point location data of the polished concave surface 12-1 by using an online detection system 2, and transmitting the point location data to a numerical control system 3;
step eight, repairing and polishing: the numerical control system 3 compares the received detection data with the theoretical data of the concave surface 12-1, repairs and polishes the point positions which do not meet the processing requirements, and detects and repairs and polishes again after the point positions are repaired and polished until the point positions meet the processing requirements;
step nine, disassembling the fairing workpiece 12 and cleaning;
(II) processing steps of the convex surface 12-2:
step one, clamping and positioning of the fairing workpiece 12: completely attaching a boss cavity 18-1 of the convex clamp body 18 to the concave surface 12-1, attaching the end surface 12-3 of the fairing workpiece 12 to the end surface of the shaft shoulder 18-2, attaching the attachment surface by heating molten paraffin 19, and cooling to completely fix the fairing workpiece 12 on the convex clamp body 18;
the remaining steps, i.e., steps two through nine, are consistent with the machining of the concave surface 12-1.
The polishing pad 20 is made of polyurethane.
The polishing solution comprises abrasive particles and a solution part; the solvent of the solution is deionized water, and the solute is one or more of sodium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, sorbitol and sodium dodecyl sulfate; the abrasive grains are made of silicon carbide, silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through designing a multi-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and a special clamp, adopting diamond grinding heads with different granularities, preparing a special chemical mechanical polishing solution, clamping the inner surface and the outer surface of the fairing at one time to finish rough, fine and polishing processing, and simultaneously adopting an online measurement technology to carry out online detection on the processing surface, the processing and detection integration is realized, the processing efficiency is improved, the processing period is shortened, the processing comprehensive cost is reduced, and the processing precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a concave fairing surface finish;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the convex surface clamping and positioning of the fairing;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view showing the positional relationship between the grinding head and the workpiece;
FIG. 4 is a full cross-sectional view of a part of the female clip body.
In the figure: 1, a machine tool base body; 2, an online detection system; 3, a numerical control system; 4, a grinding head spindle system; a 5Y-axis system; a 6Z axis system; 7a cooling system; 8, an inwards concave fixture body; 9, a machine tool clamping system; 10B shaft system; 11X axis system; 12 a fairing workpiece; 13 a clamping ring; 14, bolts; 15, grinding heads; 16 a polishing fluid system; 17A axle system; 18 outer convex clamp bodies; 19 paraffin wax; 20 a polishing pad;
8-1 concave cavity; 8-2 threaded holes; 8-3, a cylindrical boss of the concave clamp body; 12-1 concave surface; 12-2 convex surfaces; 12-3 end faces; 15-1 grinding the edge portion; 18-1 boss cavity; 18-3, a cylindrical boss of the convex clamp body; 18-2 shaft shoulder.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to FIGS. 1-4 and the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
In the embodiment, a sapphire non-spherical surface fairing is taken as an example, and a device for processing the part is a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and comprises an X-axis system 11, a Y-axis system 5 and a Z-axis system 6 of a motion platform, an A-axis system 17 and a B-axis system 10 of a rotation system, a grinding head spindle system 4, a numerical control system 3, a cooling system 7, a polishing solution system 16, an online detection system 2, a machine tool base body 1, a machine tool clamping system 9, a special clamp and a grinding head 15;
the Y-axis system 5 and the Z-axis system 6 adopt a cross linear motion platform module and are arranged on the side wall of the machine tool base body 1, the Y-axis system 5 is defined in the axial (depth) direction of a workpiece 12 provided with a fairing, the fairing workpiece 12 is horizontally clamped, and the Z-axis system 6 is defined in the vertical up-down moving direction;
the X-axis system 11 is determined according to the right-hand coordinate system principle, is arranged on a horizontal table of the machine tool base body 1 and is used for moving a machine tool working platform, namely the machine tool clamping system 9;
the A-axis system 17 is a shaft rotating around the X-axis system 11 and is connected to the tail end of the shell of the Z-axis system 6;
the base body of the grinding head spindle system 4 is vertically connected with the base body of the A-axis system 17, and can drive the grinding head 15 to rotate, so that the grinding head has certain cutting force and can remove the surface allowance of the fairing workpiece 12;
the B-axis system 10 is a shaft rotating around the Y-axis system 5 and is connected with the machine tool clamping system 9 to drive the fairing workpiece 12 to rotate;
the machine tool clamping system 9 consists of a three-jaw chuck, is horizontally arranged on the X-axis system 11 and is used for positioning and clamping an inner concave clamp body 8 or an outer convex clamp body 18 of the special clamp to indirectly position and clamp the fairing workpiece 12;
the grinding head 15 is arranged on the grinding head main shaft system 4, and the grinding edge part 15-1 of the grinding head 15 is hemispherical and is made of diamond;
the online detection system 2 has the functions of automatic scanning and data transmission, and a laser tracker is selected in the example;
the special fixture comprises: the inner concave clamp body 8, the outer convex clamp body 18, the clamping ring 13, the bolt 14 and the paraffin 19;
one end of the concave clamp body 8 is provided with a concave cavity 8-1, the size and shape of the concave cavity 8-1 are consistent with those of a convex surface 12-2 of a fairing workpiece 12, the end surface is provided with 4 threaded holes 8-2, and the other end is provided with a cylindrical boss 8-3 of the concave clamp body for positioning connection with a machine tool clamping system 9;
the clamping ring 13 is in a ring shape, the inner diameter size is the average value of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece 12, a through hole corresponding to the threaded hole 8-2 in the concave fixture body 8 is formed in the clamping ring 12, a bolt 14 penetrates through the through hole to connect and fix the clamping ring 13 and the concave fixture body 8, and the fairing workpiece 12 is located between the clamping ring 13 and the fixture body 8 to realize positioning and clamping;
one end of the convex clamp body 18 is provided with a boss cavity 18-1 which has the same size and shape with the concave surface 12-1 of the fairing workpiece 12, the other end is provided with a convex clamp body cylindrical boss 18-3 which is used for positioning connection with a machine tool clamping system 9, the boss cavity 18-1 and the convex clamp body cylindrical boss 18-3 are also provided with a shaft shoulder 18-2, the diameter of the shaft shoulder 18-2 is the average value of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece 12, and the end surface 12-3 of the fairing workpiece 12 is adhered with the end surface of the shaft shoulder 18-2 through paraffin 19;
the cooling system 7 and the polishing liquid system 16 are mounted on the base body of the a-axis system 17 for spraying the cooling liquid and the polishing liquid, respectively, toward the surface to be processed.
The processing of the sapphire non-spherical surface fairing comprises the following specific operation steps:
the machining steps of the concave surface 12-1 of the fairing are as follows:
step one, clamping and fixing a fairing workpiece 12: the convex surface 12-2 is closely matched with the concave cavity 8-1 of the concave clamp body 8, and the end surface 12-3 is clamped and fixed on the concave clamp body 8 through a clamping ring 13 and a bolt 14;
step two, the concave clamp body 8 is fixedly arranged on the machine tool: the boss 8-3 is clamped by a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamping system 9, so that the positioning and clamping of the inner concave clamp body 8 are completed;
thirdly, tool setting, namely, enabling a grinding edge part 15-1 of the hemispherical grinding head 15 to be in contact with a processed concave surface 12-1 through the movement of the X-axis system 11, the Y-axis system 5 and the Z-axis system 6 and the rotation of the A-axis system 17, and enabling an included angle β between the axis of the grinding head 15 and the rotation center line of the fairing workpiece 12 to be 45 degrees;
step four, coarse grinding: a diamond hemispherical grinding head 15 with the granularity of 120# is adopted, a grinding head spindle system 4 drives the grinding head 15 to rotate for cutting, the grinding head 15 moves along the generatrix locus of the fairing workpiece 12 in the YZ direction under the control of a numerical control system 3, and a B-axis system 10 is controlled to rotate at the same time, so that the concave surface 12-1 of the fairing workpiece 12 is machined; simultaneously starting a cooling liquid system 7 to spray cooling liquid in the grinding process, and closing after grinding;
step five, fine grinding: replacing the grinding head 15 with a diamond hemispherical grinding head with the granularity of 1200#, and continuing to precisely grind the concave surface 12-1, wherein the grinding motion process is the same as the rough grinding process; spraying cooling liquid during the grinding process, and closing after the grinding is finished;
step six, chemically mechanical polishing: a hemispherical grinding head with a grooved polyurethane polishing pad 20 is attached to the ball head grinding part 15-1, the grinding head 15 is driven by a grinding head main shaft system 4 to rotate and polish, and the polishing motion process is the same as the rough grinding process; and (3) starting a polishing solution system 16 to spray polishing solution in the polishing process, wherein the polishing solution adopts the following formula: an additive of sodium dodecyl sulfate with the content of 10 wt% (mass fraction, the same below) of alumina abrasive grains with the grain diameter of 0.5 mu m and the content of 0.6 wt% is used for adjusting the PH of the polishing solution to about 10 by using sodium hydroxide, the balance is ionized water, and the polishing solution system 16 is closed when the polishing is finished;
step seven, online detection: uniformly collecting point location data of the polished concave surface 12-1 by using an online detection system 2, and transmitting the point location data to a numerical control system 3;
step eight, repairing and polishing: the numerical control system 3 compares the received detection data with the theoretical data of the concave surface 12-1, repairs and polishes the point positions which do not meet the processing requirements, and detects and repairs and polishes again after the point positions are repaired and polished until the point positions meet the processing requirements;
step nine, disassembling and cleaning the fairing workpiece 12;
(II) processing steps of the convex surface 12-2:
step one, clamping and positioning of the fairing workpiece 12: the convex plate cavity 18-1 of the convex clamp body 18 is completely attached to the concave surface 12-1, the end surface 12-3 is attached to the end surface of the shaft shoulder 18-2, the attachment surface is adhered by molten paraffin 19 through heating, and the fairing workpiece 12 can be completely fixed on the convex clamp body 18 after cooling;
and the other steps, namely the steps from the second step to the ninth step, are consistent with the processing of the concave surface of the fairing.
Claims (5)
1. A super-precision machining device for a thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape is a multi-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and is characterized by comprising a motion platform, a rotating system, a grinding head spindle system (4), a numerical control system (3), a cooling system (7), a polishing solution system (16), an online detection system (2), a machine tool base body (1), a machine tool clamping system (9), a special fixture and a grinding head (15); the motion platform comprises an X-axis system (11), a Y-axis system (5) and a Z-axis system (6); the rotating system comprises an A-axis system (17) and a B-axis system (10);
the Y-axis system (5) and the Z-axis system (6) are cross linear motion platform modules and are installed on the side wall of the machine tool base body (1), the Y-axis system (5) is defined as the axis direction of a machined fairing workpiece (12), the fairing workpiece (12) is horizontally clamped, and the Z-axis system (6) is defined as the vertical up-and-down moving direction;
the X-axis system (11) is determined according to the right-hand coordinate system principle and is vertical to the Y-axis system (5) in the horizontal plane, and the X-axis system (11) is installed on a horizontal table of the machine tool base body (1) and used for moving the machine tool clamping system (9);
the A-axis system (17) is a shaft rotating around the X-axis system (11) and is connected to the tail end of the shell of the Z-axis system (6);
the base body of the grinding head spindle system (4) is vertically connected with the base body of the A-axis system (17) to drive the grinding head (15) to rotate, so that the grinding head (15) has cutting force to remove the surface allowance of the fairing workpiece (12);
the B-axis system (10) is a shaft rotating around the Y-axis system (5) and is connected with the machine tool clamping system (9) to drive the fairing workpiece (12) to rotate;
the machine tool clamping system (9) can be composed of a three-jaw chuck, is horizontally arranged on the X-axis system (11), is positioned in the vertical direction and is used for positioning a clamp body of a special clamp, namely an inward concave clamp body (8) or an outward convex clamp body (18), and a fairing workpiece (12) is fixed on the special clamp to indirectly position and clamp the fairing workpiece (12);
the numerical control system (3) is used for controlling linkage among all shafts of the machine tool, wherein: by controlling the movement of the Y-axis system (5) and the Z-axis system (6), the motion trail of the grinding head (15) can be a generatrix of the fairing workpiece (12), and the profile of the concave surface (12-1) or the convex surface (12-2) of the fairing workpiece (12) is finally machined by the rotation of the B-axis system (10);
the grinding head (15) is arranged on the grinding head spindle system (4), and the grinding edge part (15-1) is hemispherical and is made of diamond;
the online detection system (2) has the functions of automatic scanning and data transmission, and can be a module integrated in a machine tool device or an independent set of detection system;
the cooling system (7) and the polishing solution system (16) are arranged on a base body of the A-axis system (17) and respectively spray cooling solution and polishing solution to the surface to be processed.
2. The ultra-precision machining device for the thin-walled hard and brittle fairing with the complex shape as claimed in claim 1,
the special clamp comprises an inner concave clamp body (8), an outer convex clamp body (18) and a clamping ring (13);
one end of the concave clamp body (8) is provided with a concave cavity (8-1), the size and shape of the concave cavity (8-1) are consistent with those of a convex surface (12-2) of a fairing workpiece (12), the end surface is provided with at least 4 threaded holes (8-2), and the other end is provided with a cylindrical boss (8-3) of the concave clamp body, and the cylindrical boss is used for being connected with a machine tool clamping system (9) in a positioning way;
the clamping ring (13) is in a ring shape, the size of the inner diameter is between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece (12), a through hole corresponding to a threaded hole (8-2) in the concave clamp body (8) is formed in the clamping ring (13), the fairing workpiece (12) is arranged between the clamping ring (13) and the concave clamp body (8), and the clamping ring (13) and the concave clamp body (8) are connected and fixed through the through hole by a bolt (14) to realize positioning and clamping of the fairing workpiece (12);
one end of the convex clamp body (18) is provided with a boss cavity (18-1) which is consistent with the size and shape of the concave surface (12-1) of the fairing workpiece (12), the other end of the convex clamp body is provided with a cylindrical boss (18-3) of the convex clamp body and is used for being connected with a machine tool clamping system (9) in a positioning mode, a shaft shoulder (18-2) is arranged between the boss cavity (18-1) and the cylindrical boss (18-3) of the convex clamp body, the diameter of the shaft shoulder (18-2) is between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fairing workpiece (12), and the end face (12-3) of the fairing workpiece (12) is adhered to the end face of the shaft shoulder (18-2) through paraffin (19.
3. A method for ultraprecise machining of a thin-walled, hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape, by means of the device according to claim 1 or 2, by machining a concave surface (12-1) of a fairing workpiece (12) and then machining a convex surface (12-2), characterized in that the following are specified:
(one) concave surface (12-1) machining step:
step one, clamping and fixing a fairing workpiece (12): the convex surface (12-2) is closely matched with a concave cavity (8-1) of the concave fixture body (8), and the end surface (12-3) of the fairing workpiece (12) is clamped and fixed on the concave fixture body (8) through a clamping ring (13) and a bolt (14);
step two, the concave fixture body (8) is fixedly arranged on a machine tool: the cylindrical boss (8-3) of the concave clamp body is clamped through a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamping system (9), so that the concave clamp body (8) is positioned and clamped;
thirdly, tool setting, namely, enabling a grinding edge part (15-1) of a grinding head (15) to be in contact with a concave surface (12-1) through the movement of an X-axis system (11), a Y-axis system (5) and a Z-axis system (6) and the rotation of an A-axis system (17), and enabling an included angle β between the axis of the grinding head (15) and the rotation center line of a fairing workpiece (12) to be between 30 and 60 degrees;
step four, coarse grinding: the method comprises the steps that a diamond grinding head (15) with the granularity of 60# to 120# is adopted, a grinding head spindle system (4) drives the grinding head (15) to rotate for cutting, the grinding head (15) moves along a generatrix track of a fairing workpiece (12) in a YZ direction under the control of a numerical control system (3), and a B-axis system (10) is controlled to rotate at the same time, so that the concave surface (12-1) is machined; the cooling system (7) is simultaneously started to spray cooling liquid in the grinding process, and the grinding is closed after finishing grinding;
step five, fine grinding: changing the grinding head (15) into a diamond grinding head with the granularity of 200# -W1, and continuously carrying out precision grinding on the concave surface (12-1) of the workpiece, wherein the grinding motion process is the same as the rough grinding process; spraying cooling liquid during the grinding process, and closing after the grinding is finished;
step six, chemically mechanical polishing: attaching the grinding edge part (15-1) to a polishing pad (20) with a groove, driving a grinding head (15) to rotate and polish by a grinding head main shaft system (4), wherein the polishing motion process is the same as the rough grinding process; starting a polishing solution system (16) to spray polishing solution in the polishing process, and closing the polishing solution system (16) after polishing is finished;
step seven, online detection: uniformly collecting point location data of the polished concave surface (12-1) by using an online detection system (2), and transmitting the point location data to a numerical control system (3);
step eight, repairing and polishing: the numerical control system (3) compares the received detection data with the theoretical data of the concave surface (12-1), repairs and polishes the point positions which do not meet the machining requirements, and detects and repairs and polishes again after the point positions are repaired and polished until the point positions meet the machining requirements;
step nine, disassembling a fairing workpiece (12) and cleaning;
(II) convex surface (12-2) processing steps:
firstly, clamping and positioning a fairing workpiece (12): completely attaching a boss cavity (18-1) of the convex clamp body (18) to the concave surface (12-1), attaching the end surface 12-3 of the fairing workpiece (12) to the end surface of the shaft shoulder (18-2), attaching the attaching surface by heating molten paraffin (19), and completely fixing the fairing workpiece (12) on the convex clamp body (18) after cooling;
the other steps, namely the steps two to nine, are consistent with the processing of the concave surface (12-1).
4. The method for ultra-precision machining of a thin-walled hard and brittle fairing with a complex shape as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the material of the polishing pad (20) is polyurethane.
5. The method for ultraprecise machining of a thin-walled hard and brittle fairing with a complicated shape as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the polishing liquid component comprises abrasive grains and a solution part; the solvent of the solution is deionized water, and the solute is one or more of sodium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, sorbitol and sodium dodecyl sulfate; the abrasive grains are made of silicon carbide, silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010112309.5A CN111266933A (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-02-24 | Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010112309.5A CN111266933A (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-02-24 | Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111266933A true CN111266933A (en) | 2020-06-12 |
Family
ID=70993970
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010112309.5A Withdrawn CN111266933A (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-02-24 | Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111266933A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112461264A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-09 | 大连理工大学 | Nano manufacturing equipment for quartz hemispherical harmonic oscillator |
| CN112643439A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-13 | 重庆工商大学 | Radar radome fairing processing tool has chamfering equipment of spacing buffer structure |
| CN112936021A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-11 | 大连理工大学 | Thin-wall large-caliber aspheric carbon fiber composite high-performance part grinding equipment |
| CN113070649A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-06 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for processing air inlet fairing of heavy gas turbine compressor |
| CN113618608A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏金艺能工业科技有限公司 | Surface polishing device for fairing production and processing and use method thereof |
| CN115383560A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polishing grinding head, polishing equipment and polishing method of aspheric surface mold of optical lens |
| CN116021343A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-28 | 东莞领航电子新材料有限公司 | Processing method for polishing 3D curved glass |
| CN116061057A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-05 | 龙口市科德精密机械有限公司 | Production and processing device for pull rod of textile machine |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060194513A1 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-31 | Wilfrid Saxler | Workpiece headstock |
| JP3927484B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2007-06-06 | 株式会社リコー | Curved surface processing method and curved surface processing apparatus |
| CN102161169A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-08-24 | 湖南大学 | Small-caliber aspherical composite precise processing method |
| CN202240797U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 苍南县灵泉抛光机床制造有限公司 | Five-axis polishing machine |
| CN104924178A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | 萨特隆股份公司 | Device for Grinding, Precision-Grinding and/or Polishing of Workpieces in Optical Quality, Particularly of Spherical Lens Surfaces in Precision Optics |
| CN205147997U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-04-13 | 成都超迈光电科技有限公司 | Intraocular lens material bowl type radome fairing special processing equipment |
| CN106392821A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-02-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | Free curved prism machining method |
| CN106736875A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of processing method of sapphire dome |
| CN207043791U (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-02-27 | 洛阳福东机械有限公司 | A kind of clamping device of lathe process thin wall annular outer cover |
-
2020
- 2020-02-24 CN CN202010112309.5A patent/CN111266933A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3927484B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2007-06-06 | 株式会社リコー | Curved surface processing method and curved surface processing apparatus |
| US20060194513A1 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-31 | Wilfrid Saxler | Workpiece headstock |
| CN102161169A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-08-24 | 湖南大学 | Small-caliber aspherical composite precise processing method |
| CN202240797U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 苍南县灵泉抛光机床制造有限公司 | Five-axis polishing machine |
| CN104924178A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | 萨特隆股份公司 | Device for Grinding, Precision-Grinding and/or Polishing of Workpieces in Optical Quality, Particularly of Spherical Lens Surfaces in Precision Optics |
| CN205147997U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-04-13 | 成都超迈光电科技有限公司 | Intraocular lens material bowl type radome fairing special processing equipment |
| CN106392821A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-02-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | Free curved prism machining method |
| CN106736875A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of processing method of sapphire dome |
| CN207043791U (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-02-27 | 洛阳福东机械有限公司 | A kind of clamping device of lathe process thin wall annular outer cover |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 袁巨龙: "非球面超精密抛光技术研究现状", 《机械工程学报》 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112461264A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-09 | 大连理工大学 | Nano manufacturing equipment for quartz hemispherical harmonic oscillator |
| CN112461264B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-04-11 | 大连理工大学 | Nano manufacturing equipment for quartz hemispherical harmonic oscillator |
| CN112643439A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-13 | 重庆工商大学 | Radar radome fairing processing tool has chamfering equipment of spacing buffer structure |
| CN112643439B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Radar radome fairing processing tool has chamfering equipment of spacing buffer structure |
| CN112936021A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-11 | 大连理工大学 | Thin-wall large-caliber aspheric carbon fiber composite high-performance part grinding equipment |
| CN112936021B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-11-18 | 大连理工大学 | Thin-wall large-caliber aspheric carbon fiber composite high-performance part grinding equipment |
| CN113070649A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-06 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for processing air inlet fairing of heavy gas turbine compressor |
| CN113618608A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏金艺能工业科技有限公司 | Surface polishing device for fairing production and processing and use method thereof |
| CN115383560A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polishing grinding head, polishing equipment and polishing method of aspheric surface mold of optical lens |
| CN116021343A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-28 | 东莞领航电子新材料有限公司 | Processing method for polishing 3D curved glass |
| CN116021343B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-01-19 | 东莞领航电子新材料有限公司 | Processing method for polishing 3D curved glass |
| CN116061057A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-05 | 龙口市科德精密机械有限公司 | Production and processing device for pull rod of textile machine |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111266933A (en) | Ultra-precision machining method and device for thin-wall hard and brittle fairing with complex shape | |
| RU2663503C2 (en) | Grinding machine and method of grinding axial drilling and bilateral treatment flat external surface products | |
| CN100366384C (en) | Method and device for polishing workpieces with simultaneous superfinish | |
| CN204935308U (en) | Optics cone mirror burnishing device | |
| CN101559571A (en) | Method and device for polishing magnetic field auxiliary flexible rotary brush for optical element | |
| CN108098536B (en) | Efficient ultra-precise shear thickening-chemical collaborative polishing device | |
| CN105856032A (en) | Multifunctional full-automatic compound grinding machine | |
| McKeown et al. | Ultra-precision, high stiffness CNC grinding machines for ductile mode grinding of brittle materials. | |
| CN109702600B (en) | Blade polishing numerical control machining center with ten moving shafts | |
| CN113103070B (en) | Method for machining microgrooves by shearing, thickening and abrasive flow combined grinding | |
| CN111843634A (en) | Quartz hemispherical harmonic oscillator processing tool and method | |
| CN111922786A (en) | Multi-freedom-degree intelligent integrated machining system for complex molded surface | |
| CN109175913B (en) | Method for processing MAN series marine low-speed diesel engine crosshead pin | |
| CN113199257A (en) | Milling and polishing integrated equipment and machining method | |
| JP2001113462A (en) | Grinding machine | |
| CN201361714Y (en) | Device for machining spherical surface | |
| CN106112145A (en) | A kind of planetary lead-screw nut divides sequence grinding fixture, organisation of working and method for grinding | |
| CN108818159A (en) | A kind of sapphire ball cover grinding processing method | |
| CN115401530B (en) | Shape-controlled flexible polishing method for microarray die | |
| CN205968556U (en) | Multi -functional full -automatic compound grinding machine | |
| JP2006320970A (en) | Machining device | |
| CN115922453A (en) | Processing and polishing method of tungsten steel nozzle | |
| JP4712586B2 (en) | NC machine tool | |
| CN109158986A (en) | A kind of high-precision dedicated tool numerically control grinder | |
| CN110238660A (en) | A kind of composite processing machine tool and its processing method of air conditioner compressed machine bearing |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200612 |