CN111264691A - 仔猪饲料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种仔猪饲料，属于猪饲料领域，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米40‑55份、豆粕10‑20份、小麦5‑10份、蚯蚓粉10‑15份、麦麸10‑15份、发酵木薯3‑5份、水葫芦5‑10份、红薯粉10‑15份、南瓜皮3‑5份、菜籽饼5‑10份、血粉2‑5份、蛤粉1‑3份、复合维生素1‑2份、胆碱1‑2份、中药粉1‑2份。本发明的仔猪饲料能够降低饲料成本，并能有效提高猪的抵抗力，降低腹泻以及其他疾病的发病率，提高饲料转化率，猪生长速度快，养殖出来的猪出栏早，肉质好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料领域，具体地说涉及一种仔猪饲料。
背景技术
猪肉是人们生活中蛋白的主要来源，随着生活水平不断提高，对于猪肉类产品的需求也越来越多，因而猪肉的需求量也越来越大；传统的养殖已经无法满足人民生活水平的需求，近年来生猪养殖也朝着规模化、集约化方向发展。
饲料是生猪养殖中必不可少的，猪饲料中通常包括能量饲料、蛋白饲料以及其他饲料添加剂，蛋白饲料来源通常是豆粕、鱼粉等，但是鱼粉较为昂贵，添加至饲料中增加饲料成本，蚯蚓可作为珍贵药物治疗多种疾病，还可以用作高蛋白食品和饲料，以农副产品为饲料养殖的蚯蚓可作为高营养的安全食品资源，可以替代鱼粉等昂贵的蛋白类饲料。但是由于蚯蚓添加至饲料中需要将其干燥成粉，常规的干燥不能很好地起到杀灭蚯蚓细菌的作用，并且干燥条件控制不当，容易导致蚯蚓中有效成分分解，降低了蚯蚓的效用。
评价饲料优良的标准是：饲料的适口性如何、料肉比以及长势等等。传统养生猪过程中，为了增强猪的抵抗力，通常在饲料中添加药物，特别是抗生素类添加剂的长期大量使用所产生的耐药性、药物残留和环境污染等问题，已引起全社会的广泛关注，由于抗生素类药见效快，来源广泛，因此抗生素等化学类药物依然是用于防治各类疾病的首选。这不仅导致大量耐药菌、虫株的出现，而且造成化学药物在猪肉及其产品中的残留，给公共卫生和食品安全带来了极大损害。因此，提供一种安全新型绿色饲料已成为保障养猪业持续健康发展亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述技术缺陷，提供一种降低饲料成本，并能提高仔猪的抵抗力，降低发病率，提高饲料转化率的仔猪饲料。
实现本发明的技术方案为：一种仔猪饲料，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米40-55份、豆粕10-20份、小麦5-10份、蚯蚓粉10-15份、麦麸10-15份、发酵木薯3-5份、水葫芦5-10份、红薯粉10-15份、南瓜皮3-5份、菜籽饼5-10份、血粉2-5份、蛤粉1-3份、复合维生素1-2份、胆碱1-2份、中药粉1-2份。
优选地，包括以下原料重量份：膨化玉米45-55份、豆粕15-20份、小麦8-10份、蚯蚓粉12-15份、麦麸12-15份、发酵木薯4-5份、水葫芦8-10份、红薯粉12-15份、南瓜皮4-5份、菜籽饼8-10份、血粉2-3份、蛤粉1-2份、复合维生素1-2份、胆碱1-2份、中药粉1-2份。
优选地，包括以下原料重量份：膨化玉米48份、豆粕18份、小麦9份、蚯蚓粉13份、麦麸14份、发酵木薯5份、水葫芦9份、红薯粉15份、南瓜皮5份、菜籽饼9份、血粉3份、蛤粉2份、复合维生素2份、胆碱1份、中药粉2份。
优选地，所述中药粉包括以下原料的重量份：青蒿20份、当归10份、苦参5份、黄精10份、党参15份、刺五加10份、青木香15份、茯苓15份。
优选地，所述发酵木薯是将发酵菌液5000ml，75％鲜湿木薯渣、10％豆渣、13％米糠、2％氨基酸，在温度为20-28℃，密封发酵30-45天得到。
优选地，所述发酵菌液中包括如下益生菌：乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、酵母菌、光合菌和地衣芽孢杆菌；其中乳酸菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g，双歧杆菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g；酵母菌的菌种活力为3x1010CFU/g，光合菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g；地衣芽孢杆菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g。
优选地，所述蚯蚓粉制备方法为：将蚯蚓筛选洗净后沥干水分，然后将蚯蚓放在30-50℃，紫外线照射下干燥至含水率为10-20％；然后再放入50-70℃的条件下干燥至含水率为5-10％，最后将干燥后的蚯蚓干粉碎即得到。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明在饲料中添加蚯蚓粉，蚯蚓粉经过干燥消毒杀菌处理后能够很好保存其营养成分不被破坏，又能够很好杀灭蚯蚓上残留的细菌等；蚯蚓中蛋白质占干重的56％-65％，游离氨基酸含量50-70g/L，含10种人体必需的氨基酸，上述指标均高于大豆蛋白；蚯蚓体内不饱和脂肪酸含量高，饱和脂肪酸含量低特别是具有抗癌、降血压、防止动脉硬化、养颜等作用的亚油酸含量更高，还具有独特的不同于其他动物的十三羧酸。通过添加蚯蚓粉不仅能够替代昂贵的鱼粉等蛋白原料，还能够提高猪体免疫力，提高增长速度；
2、在饲料中添加，发酵木薯，发酵木薯经过发酵后，饲料的品质得以改善,适口性增加,粗蛋白含量明显提高；并且可以改善饲料的适口性，发酵过程添加活性益生菌能够增强了猪体的机体免疫力，同时可以提高猪的生产性能，缩短饲养周期；
3、通过在饲料中添加了中药粉，本发明仔猪饲料中中药粉由多种中草药组成，各种原料配伍科学，含有多种功能性成分，各种中草药之间具有很好的协调作用，能够提高猪体免疫力，可有效降低猪的发病率，增加日采食量，提高猪日增重，以及降低料肉比。
综上述，本发明的饲料搭配合理，满足猪营养需求的同时，还能够提高猪体免疫力，降低发病率，提高猪生产能力，经过饲养后发现本发明的饲料饲喂猪的平均腹泻率降低至2.23％，料肉比为2.27：另外经屠宰后，其肉质口感也较好。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
一种仔猪饲料，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米40份、豆粕10份、小麦5份、蚯蚓粉10份、麦麸10份、发酵木薯3份、水葫芦5份、红薯粉10份、南瓜皮3份、菜籽饼5份、血粉2份、蛤粉1份、复合维生素1份、胆碱1份、中药粉1份。其中，中药粉包括以下原料的重量份：青蒿20份、当归10份、苦参5份、黄精10份、党参15份、刺五加10份、青木香15份、茯苓15份；制备方法是按比例称取各种中草药，放入烘箱烘干后，将各组分粉碎成粉末，粉末过160目，最后将各种粉末混合均匀即得到。另外，本实施例的发酵木薯是将发酵菌液5000ml，75％鲜湿木薯渣、10％豆渣、13％米糠、2％氨基酸，在温度为20-28℃，密封发酵30-45天得到；发酵菌液中包括如下益生菌：乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、酵母菌、光合菌和地衣芽孢杆菌；其中乳酸菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g，双歧杆菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g；酵母菌的菌种活力为3x1010CFU/g，光合菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g；地衣芽孢杆菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g。蚯蚓粉制备方法为：将蚯蚓筛选洗净后沥干水分，然后将蚯蚓放在30-50℃，紫外线照射下干燥至含水率为10-20％；然后再放入50-70℃的条件下干燥至含水率为5-10％，最后将干燥后的蚯蚓干粉碎即得到。
实施例2：
一种仔猪饲料，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米48份、豆粕18份、小麦9份、蚯蚓粉13份、麦麸14份、发酵木薯5份、水葫芦9份、红薯粉15份、南瓜皮5份、菜籽饼9份、血粉3份、蛤粉2份、复合维生素2份、胆碱1份、中药粉2份。其中，中药粉组分和制备方式同实施例1。另外，本实施例的发酵木薯同实施例1。蚯蚓粉制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3：
一种仔猪饲料，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米55份、豆粕20份、小麦10份、蚯蚓粉15份、麦麸15份、发酵木薯5份、水葫芦10份、红薯粉15份、南瓜皮5份、菜籽饼10份、血粉5份、蛤粉3份、复合维生素2份、胆碱2份、中药粉2份。其中，中药粉组分和制备方式同实施例1。另外，本实施例的发酵木薯同实施例1。蚯蚓粉制备方法同实施例1。
实验例
1.实验动物：
选择日龄相近(30-35日龄)的断奶仔猪，要求：体格健壮，发育良好，根据性别、体重随机抽取40只，随机分为5组，公母各半。四个组分为试验组1、试验组2、试验组3以及对照组1、对照组2。
2.实验日粮：
对照组1为某品牌仔猪配合饲料；
对照组2对照组1的饲料基础上，在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加0.5％土霉素；
试验组1为本发明实施例1的仔猪饲料；
试验组2为本发明实施例2的仔猪饲料；
试验组3为本发明的仔猪饲料。
3.饲养管理
试验猪试验前常规饲养管理，清洗猪舍和食槽并进行严格消毒，猪只驱虫，常规免疫。预试7天后，逐头空腹称重，然后进入试验期，试验期为100天。实验期间，猪只自由采食，自由饮水，其他实验条件完全相同。整个试验过程中观察仔猪的健康状况，记录仔猪腹泻率、料肉比、采食率以及屠宰后肉质检测情况，其中：腹泻率(％)＝试验期腹泻仔猪头次/(试验仔猪头数×试验天数)×100％；料肉比＝试验期采食饲料总量/实验期间猪的增长总量×100％；采食率(％)＝试验期采食饲料总量/实验期间投入饲料的总量×100％；肉质检测采用感官、品尝作为判定；饲喂对比效果见表1：
表1为本发明与对照组的饲喂效果比较
| 组别 | 试验组1 | 试验组2 | 试验组3 | 对照组1 | 对照组2 |
| 腹泻率％ | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 10.2 | 8.5 |
| 料肉比 | 2.35 | 2.05 | 2.41 | 2.87 | 2.75 |
| 采食率％ | 95.5％ | 96.2％ | 94.7％ | 85.1％ | 82.7％ |
| 肉质 | 优 | 优 | 优 | 良好 | 良好 |
4.结果分析
通过表1的数据分析得出，发明的仔猪饲料在采食率方面优于对照组1和2，经过投料观察，仔猪在采食本发明实施例1至3的饲料的积极性方面优于对照组1和对照组2，说明本发明的适口性好；另外，在发病率方面特别是腹泻率，本发明的也要低于对照组，说明本发明饲料能够增强猪的机体免疫力，提高猪抵抗疾病的能力；在料肉比方面，本发明的要比对照组低，说明本发明的仔猪饲料在促进猪健康、快速的生长，提高饲料报酬方面具有很好的作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种仔猪饲料，其特征在于，包括以下原料的重量份：膨化玉米40-55份、豆粕10-20份、小麦5-10份、蚯蚓粉10-15份、麦麸10-15份、发酵木薯3-5份、水葫芦5-10份、红薯粉10-15份、南瓜皮3-5份、菜籽饼5-10份、血粉2-5份、蛤粉1-3份、复合维生素1-2份、胆碱1-2份、中药粉1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，包括以下原料重量份：膨化玉米45-55份、豆粕15-20份、小麦8-10份、蚯蚓粉12-15份、麦麸12-15份、发酵木薯4-5份、水葫芦8-10份、红薯粉12-15份、南瓜皮4-5份、菜籽饼8-10份、血粉2-3份、蛤粉1-2份、复合维生素1-2份、胆碱1-2份、中药粉1-2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，包括以下原料重量份：膨化玉米48份、豆粕18份、小麦9份、蚯蚓粉13份、麦麸14份、发酵木薯5份、水葫芦9份、红薯粉15份、南瓜皮5份、菜籽饼9份、血粉3份、蛤粉2份、复合维生素2份、胆碱1份、中药粉2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述中药粉包括以下原料的重量份：青蒿20份、当归10份、苦参5份、黄精10份、党参15份、刺五加10份、青木香15份、茯苓15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述发酵木薯是将发酵菌液5000ml，75％鲜湿木薯渣、10％豆渣、13％米糠、2％氨基酸，在温度为20-28℃，密封发酵30-45天得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述发酵菌液中包括如下益生菌：乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、酵母菌、光合菌和地衣芽孢杆菌；其中乳酸菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g，双歧杆菌的菌种活力为2x1010CFU/g；酵母菌的菌种活力为3x1010CFU/g，光合菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g；地衣芽孢杆菌的菌种活力为1x1010CFU/g。
7.根据权利要求1所述仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述蚯蚓粉制备方法为：将蚯蚓筛选洗净后沥干水分，然后将蚯蚓放在30-50℃，紫外线照射下干燥至含水率为10-20％；然后再放入50-70℃的条件下干燥至含水率为5-10％，最后将干燥后的蚯蚓干粉碎即得到。
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